List of official languages by country and territory

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Mergefrom This is a list of official languages by country and territory. It includes all languages that have official language status either statewide or in a part of the state, or that have status as a national language, regional language, or minority language.

Definitions

Official language
A language designated as having a unique legal status in the state: typically, the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, and often, official government business.
Regional language
A language designated as having official status limited to a specific area, administrative division, or territory of the state. (On this page a regional language has parentheses next to it that contain a region, province, etc. where the language has regional status.)
National language
A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages. (On this page a national language is followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status.) Some countries have more than one language with this status.

List

Template:Compact TOC

Country/Region Number of
official
(including
de facto) 		Official language(s) Regional language(s) Minority language(s) National language(s) Widely spoken
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 2 Georgian Abkhaz
Template:FlagLangs[1][2][3] 2
Template:FlagLangs[4] 1 Albanian Italian
Template:FlagLangs[5] 2 French
Template:FlagLangs 1 Catalan[6]
Template:FlagLangs[7] 1 Portuguese
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (English has de facto status)
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (Spanish has de facto status)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Armenian Armenian (state language)[10] Russian
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (English has de facto status)
Template:FlagLangs[11][12] 1

German

German (state language)

English

Template:FlagLangs 1 Azerbaijani Azerbaijani (state language)[13] Russian
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Bengali Bengali
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 2 Belarusian
Template:FlagLangs 3
  • Dutch
  • French
  • German

English

Template:FlagLangs 1 English Garifuna
Template:FlagLangs 1 French
Template:FlagLangs 1 Dzongkha
Template:FlagLangs[15] 37
  1. Castilian (Spanish)
  2. Aymara
  3. Araona
  4. Baure
  5. Bésiro (Chiquitano)
  6. Canichana
  7. Cavineña
  8. Cayubaba
  9. Chácobo
  10. Chimán
  11. Ese Ejja
  12. Guaraní
  13. Guarasu'we
  14. Guarayu
  15. Itonama
  16. Leco
  17. Machajuyai-Kallawaya
  18. Machineri
  19. Maropa
  20. Mojeño-Ignaciano
  21. Mojeño-Trinitario
  22. Moré
  23. Mosetén
  24. Movima
  25. Pacawara
  26. Puquina
  27. Quechua
  28. Sirionó
  29. Tacana
  30. Tapieté
  31. Toromona
  32. Uru-Chipaya
  33. Weenhayek
  34. Yaminawa
  35. Yuki
  36. Yuracaré
  37. Zamuco
Template:FlagLangs 3 None (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian all have de facto status)[16]
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Tswana
Template:FlagLangs 1

Portuguese[17]

Eighty Brazilian municipalities have co-official languages.[44] The list can be seen at Languages of Brazil. Portuguese
Template:FlagLangs 1 Malay
Template:FlagLangs 1 Bulgarian
Template:FlagLangs 4 Working languages:
  • English
  • French
Template:FlagLangs[45][46] 3 Kirundi Swahili
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Khmer
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • English
  • French
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Chipewyan
  • Cree
  • Gwich'in
  • Inuinnaqtun
  • Inuktitut
  • Inuvialuktun
  • Mi'kmaq
  • North Slavey
  • South Slavey
  • Tłı̨chǫ
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese Cape Verdean Creole
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Arabic
  • French
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish

Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories[47]

Template:FlagLangs 1 Standard Chinese Other Sinitic languages
Template:Country data Christmas Island 3
Template:Country data Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2 Malay
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories[48]
Template:FlagLangs 3
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 French
Template:FlagLangs 1 French
Template:Country data Cook Islands 2
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish
Template:FlagLangs 1 Croatian
  • Italian (Istria County)
  • Romani (non-territorial)
  • Slovene (non-territorial)

English

Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish
Template:FlagLangs 2 English
Template:FlagLangs 2 Czech
Template:FlagLangs 1 Danish German (in Southern Jutland) English
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Arabic
  • French
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs[54] 1
  • Spanish
 Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Coptic Egyptian Arabic English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish
Template:FlagLangs 3
  • French
  • Portuguese
  • Spanish
Template:FlagLangs 1 Tigrinya
  • Arabic
  • Italian
Template:FlagLangs 1 Estonian
  • English
  • Russian
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 5
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 3
Template:FlagLangs 2 Sami (in Enontekiö, Inari, Sodankylä, Utsjoki)
  • Finnish
  • Swedish

English

Template:FlagLangs 1 French[55] Occitan language
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 French
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Georgian Russian
Template:FlagLangs 1 German[56]
  • Danish
  • Lower Sorbian
  • North Frisian
  • Romani[57]
  • Upper Sorbian

English

Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Greek
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish
Template:FlagLangs 1 French
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Guyanese Creole
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish
Template:FlagLangs 3
  • Cantonese
  • English
  • Mandarin
Template:FlagLangs 1 Hungarian[58]
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 2

22 official languages:[61]

Template:FlagLangs 1 Indonesian Indonesian
Template:FlagLangs 1 Persian Persian
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs[63] 2 Irish
Template:FlagLangs 1 Hebrew Arabic English
  • Russian
  • English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Italian
  • Catalan (in Sardinia)
  • Slovene (in Friuli-Venezia Giulia)
  • Occitan (in Piedmont's Occitan valleys)
  • Albanian (in Sicily and Calabria)
  • Greek (in Calabria and Puglia)
 Other Italo-Dalmatian languages
Template:FlagLangs 1 French
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 English Jamaican Patois Jamaican Patois Jamaican Patois
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (Japanese has de facto status) Japanese
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic
  • Circassian
  • Chechen
  • Armenian
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2 Kazakh
Template:FlagLangs 2 Swahili
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 1 Korean
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 2
  • Albanian
  • Serbian
 Turkish
  • Albanian (nationwide)
  • Serbian (Northern Kosovo)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic
Template:FlagLangs 2 Kyrgyz
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Lao
Template:FlagLangs 1 Latvian[64][65] Russian
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Arabic Armenian
  • Arabic
  • English
  • French
  • Arabic
  • English
  • French
Template:FlagLangs 2 Sotho
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic
Template:FlagLangs 1 German
Template:FlagLangs 1 Lithuanian
  • Polish
  • Russian
Template:FlagLangs 3 Luxembourgish
  • English
  • Portuguese
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Cantonese
  • Portuguese
Template:FlagLangs 2 Malagasy
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • English
 Chichewa
Template:FlagLangs 1 MalayTemplate:Efn Regional/State dialects Malay
Template:FlagLangs 1 Dhivehi Dhivehi English
Template:FlagLangs 13
  1. Bambara
  2. Bobo
  3. Bozo
  4. Dogon
  5. Fula
  6. Hassaniya
  7. Kassonke
  8. Maninke
  9. Minyanka
  10. Senufo
  11. Songhay languages
  12. Soninke
  13. Tamasheq
 French
Template:FlagLangs 2 Maltese
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 1 Italian
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic French
Template:FlagLangs 2 None (English has de jure status and French has de facto status) English
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (Spanish has de facto status) 68 National languages
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Romanian
Template:FlagLangs[66] 1 French Monégasque
Template:FlagLangs 1 Mongolian
Template:FlagLangs 1 Montenegrin
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Arabic
  • Berber
 French
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese
Template:FlagLangs (Burma) 1 Burmese English
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs[67] 1 English Afrikaans
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 1 Nepali[68] All languages spoken as the mother tongue in Nepal[69]
Template:FlagLangs 1 Dutch

English

Template:FlagLangs 3
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish In Autonomous Regions:
Template:FlagLangs 1 Hausa
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
  • English
  • Hausa
Template:Country data Niue 2
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 1 Turkish
Template:FlagLangs 2

English

Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Shehri
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2 Urdu
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic
  • English
  • Hebrew
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish
Template:FlagLangs 4
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Spanish
  • Guaraní
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Quechua, Aymara and another native languages are official wherever they predominate.
Template:FlagLangs 2 ArabicTemplate:Efn (optional language)
SpanishTemplate:Efn (optional language)
(+ over 100 more minority languages)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Polish

English

Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese Mirandese (Terra de Miranda)

English

Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Romanian
  • Armenian
  • German
  • Hungarian
  • Romani
  • Russian
  • Serbian
  • Slovak
  • Tatar
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
Template:FlagLangs 1 Russian (33 languages)
Template:FlagLangs 4
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 2
  • Arabic
  • Spanish
 Arabic
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 1 Italian
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic
  • Indian Languages
  • Filipino
  • Bengali
Template:FlagLangs 1 French
Template:FlagLangs 1 Serbian (15 languages)
Template:FlagLangs 3
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Krio
Template:FlagLangs 4 Malay
Template:FlagLangs 1 Slovak
  • Bulgarian
  • Czech
  • German
  • Hungarian
  • Polish
  • Romani
  • Rusyn
  • Serbian
  • Ukrainian
Template:FlagLangs 1 Slovene
Template:FlagLangs 1
  • English
Template:FlagLangs 2 Somali, Arabic
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 3
  • Arabic
  • English
  • Somali
Template:FlagLangs 12
  1. Afrikaans
  2. English
  3. Southern Ndebele
  4. Sotho
  5. Northern Sotho
  6. Swazi
  7. Tsonga
  8. Tswana
  9. Venda
  10. Xhosa
  11. Zulu
  12. SA Sign Language[74]
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 2 Georgian Georgian
Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish
Template:FlagLangs 2

English

Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Arabic
  • English
Template:FlagLangs 1 Dutch Sranan Tongo
Template:FlagLangs 1 Swedish English
Template:FlagLangs 4
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Kurdish
  • Assyrian
  • Western Neo-Aramaic
  • Armenian
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 None (Mandarin Chinese has de facto status)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Tajik Tajik Russian
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Swahili
  • English
 Swahili
Template:FlagLangs 1 Thai

Sixty-two 'domestic' languages are officially recognized

Burmese
Template:FlagLangs 1 French
Template:Country data Tokelau 2
Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 3
  • Moldovan
  • Russian
  • Ukrainian
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Trinidadian Creole
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Arabic
Template:FlagLangs 1 Turkish Kurdish Turkish
Template:FlagLangs 1 Turkmen Turkmen Russian
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Tuvaluan
  • English
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2
Template:FlagLangs 1 Ukrainian
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic English
Template:FlagLangs and Crown dependencies etc. 1 None (English has de facto status)
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (English has de facto status) Template:Efn (28 languages)

indigenous languages of recognized federal tribes

  • English
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Uruguayan Sign Language (Spanish has de facto status)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Uzbek Russian
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 3
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Italian
  • Latin
 Swiss German
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Spanish
 Native languages are official for indigenous peoples
Template:FlagLangs 1 Vietnamese Vietnamese
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 English
Template:FlagLangs 16
  1. Chewa
  2. Chibarwe
  3. English
  4. Kalanga
  5. KhoisanTemplate:Efn[78]
  6. Nambya
  7. Ndau
  8. Ndebele
  9. Shangani
  10. Shona
  11. Sign languageTemplate:Efn
  12. Sotho
  13. Tonga
  14. Tswana
  15. Venda
  16. Xhosa

List of languages by number of countries in which they are the official language

Template:More citations needed This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official, although there are no precise inclusion criteria or definition of a language. An '*' (asterisk) indicates a country whose independence is disputed.

Partially recognized or de facto independent countries are denoted by an asterisk (*)

Language World Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Countries
English 58 23 14 4 3 14 United States, Template:Efn United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India, Nigeria (See the full list)[79]
French 26 18 2 – 5 1 France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, Madagascar, Monaco, Haiti, Vanuatu (See the full list)
Arabic 23–26* 12–14* – 11–12* – – Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Iraq, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Palestine* (See the full list)
Spanish 20 1 18 – 1 Spain, Colombia, Argentina, Mexico (See the full list)[80]
Portuguese 9 6 1 1 1 – Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, East Timor (See the full list)
German 6 – – – 6 – Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein (See the full list)
Russian 5–8* – – 3 2–5* – Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Abkhazia*, South Ossetia*, Transnistria*. (See the full list)
Swahili 5 5 – – – – Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
Serbo-Croatian 4–5* – – – 4–5* – Serbia (known as Serbian), Croatia (known as Croatian), Montenegro (known as Montenegrin), Bosnia and Herzegovina (known as Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian), Kosovo* (known as Serbian)
Italian 4 – – – 4 – Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City
Malay 4 – – 4 – – Malaysia, Indonesia (known as Indonesian), Singapore, Brunei
Dutch 3 – 1 – 2 – Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname
Persian 3 – – 3 – – Iran, Afghanistan (known as Dari), Tajikistan (known as Tajik)
Sotho 3 3 – – – – South Africa, Lesotho, Zimbabwe
Tamil 2 – – 2 – – Sri Lanka, Singapore
Tswana 3 3 – – – – Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Albanian 2–3* – – – 2–3* – Albania, Kosovo*, North Macedonia
Standard Chinese 2–3* – – 2–3* – – China, Singapore, Taiwan*
Romanian 2–3* – – – 2-3* – Romania, Moldova, Transnistria*
Somali 2–3* 2–3* – – – – Somalia, Ethiopia, and Somaliland*
Turkish 2–3* – – – 2–3* – Turkey, Northern Cyprus* and Cyprus
Aymara 2 – 2 – – – Bolivia and Peru
Berber 2 2 – – – – Algeria and Morocco
Chichewa 2 2 – – – – Malawi and Zimbabwe
Greek 2 – – – 2 – Greece and Cyprus
Guarani 2 – 2 – – – Paraguay and Bolivia
Hindi 2 – – 2 – – (Delhi, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh) India, Fiji
Quechua 2 – 2 – – – Bolivia and Peru
Korean 2 – – 2 – – North Korea and South Korea
Kurdish 2 - - 2 - - Iraq and Armenia
Rwanda-Rundi 2 2 – – – – Burundi (known as Kirundi) & Rwanda (known as Kinyarwanda)
Swati 2 2 – – – – Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa
Swedish 2 – – – 2 – Sweden and Finland
Tigrinya 2 2 – – – – Eritrea and Ethiopia
Venda 2 2 – – – – South Africa and Zimbabwe
Bengali 2 2 – – – – India (West Bengal, Tripura, Assam) and Bangladesh

Notes

Template:Notelist

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

  • Languages - CIA listing of languages spoken in each country

Template:Countries and languages lists

  1. ↑ Constitution of Afghanistan Template:Webarchive (Chapter 1, Article 16)
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Constitution of Albania Template:Webarchive (Article 14)
  5. ↑ Constitution of Algeria (Article 3)
  6. ↑ Constitution of Andorra (Article 2)
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Constitution of Armenia
  11. ↑ Template:Cite constitution
  12. ↑ Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich (Volksgruppengesetz – VoGrG)
  13. ↑ Constitution of Azerbaijan, Constitution of Azerbaijan (English translation) (Article 21)
  14. ↑ a b c Constitution of Belgium, in Dutch, French and German Template:Webarchive (Article 4)
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ According to the Brazilian Constitution, article 13: A língua portuguesa é o idioma oficial da República Federativa do Brasil. "The Portuguese language is the official language of the Federative Republic of Brazil".[1]
  18. ↑ Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município. Template:Webarchive
  19. ↑ Pomerano!?, Retrieved 21 August 2011
  20. ↑ No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde Template:Webarchive, Retrieved 21 August 2011
  21. ↑ Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo Template:Webarchive
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ a b c d Artigo da UFRJ sobre a cooficialização de línguas no Brasil
  24. ↑ Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana, Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana
  25. ↑ "Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES". itarana.es.gov.br
  26. ↑ Cooficialização da língua alemã em Antônio Carlos Template:Webarchive
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Brasil: dialeto do baixo-alemão torna-se segunda língua oficial de cidade gaúcha
  29. ↑ Apresentando... Santa Maria do Herval
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Lei confirma o Talian como segunda língua oficial de Caxias do Sul
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Talian é língua cooficial de Flores da Cunha
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Lei Nº 1310 de 16 de outubro de 2015 - Dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua do "talian", à língua portuguesa, no município de Nova Roma do Sul"
  39. ↑ O Talian agora é a língua co-oficial de Nova Roma do Sul, município de Nova Roma do Sul
  40. ↑ Vereadores aprovam o talian como língua co-oficial do município Template:Webarchive, Retrieved 21 August 2011
  41. ↑ Lei municipal oficializa línguas indígenas em São Gabriel da Cachoeira Template:Webarchive, Retrieved 24 August 2011
  42. ↑ Na Babel brasileira, português é 2ª língua – FLÁVIA MARTIN e VITOR MORENO, enviados especiais a São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM) Template:Webarchive, Retrieved 24 August 2011
  43. ↑ Município do MS adota o guarani como língua oficial Template:Webarchive, Retrieved 24 August 2011
  44. ↑ Repositório Brasileiro de Legislações Linguísticas (Brazilian Repository of Linguistic Legislation)
  45. ↑ Template:Cite constitution
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Indigenal Act, art. 28
  48. ↑ Constitution of Colombia, 1991 (Article 10)
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  51. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ a b Constitution of Timor-Leste, section 13
  54. ↑ Constitution of Ecuador 2008 Template:Webarchive, (Article 2)
  55. ↑ Constitution of France (Article 2)
  56. ↑ Though not explicitly specified in the constitution, this is regulated in §23 Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (Administrative Procedures Act)
  57. ↑ Publication by Ministry of the Interior (in German) Template:Webarchive
  58. ↑ Constitution of Hungary, Article H - http://www.kormany.hu/download/4/c3/30000/THE%20FUNDAMENTAL%20LAW%20OF%20HUNGARY.pdf
  59. ↑ a b c d e f Recognized by Hungary as minority language by the Ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages by the Hungarian Parliament - Resolution 35/1995, 7 April 1995 - http://www.complex.hu/kzldat/o95h0035.htm/o95h0035_0.htm Template:Webarchive
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Constitution of Iraq, Article 4(1st)
  63. ↑ Constitution of Ireland Template:Webarchive (Article 8)
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Jarinovska, Kristine. "Popular Initiatives as Means of Altering the Core of the Republic of Latvia", Juridica International. Vol. 20, 2013. p. 152 Template:Catalog lookup linkScript error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".
  66. ↑ Constitution of Monaco Template:Webarchive (Article 8)
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ The Constitution of Nepal, article 7 (1)
  69. ↑ The Constitution of Nepal, article 6
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Article 1 (2) of the закон за употреба на јазиците (law on the use of languages), in force since 15 January 2019.
  72. ↑ "Norsk - Språkmøter" Template:Webarchive. NDLA. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Second official according to the Constitution
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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