English exonyms
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Template:More citations needed An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym). Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Script error: No such module "Lang". is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".
Romanization, or transcription of a non-Latin alphabet endonym into a Latin alphabet, is not generally regarded as creating exonyms: "The application of any scientifically sound romanization system to a non-Roman endonym merely re-creates that original endonym in another legitimate form" (Päll, 2002).[1][2] However old romanization systems may leave a legacy of "familiar" spellings, as in the case of, for example, romanization of Burmese.[3] This affects romanization of Arabic, romanization of Chinese, and many other non-Latin alphabet place names.
Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms.
A less common form of exonym is usage for names and titles. Personal exonyms are typically limited to regnal names such as popes (John Paul II) and monarchs (Charles V); less commonly, well-known historical authors (John Calvin, for French Jean Calvin) are referred to by exonyms. The list does not include the list of English translated personal names.
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General
This section lists English-language exonyms that are for places located in multiple countries, English names of countries, and typical patterns.
Countries and territories
The following is a list of countries and territories whose names in local languages differ from their (non-local) English ones. The list includes countries with limited recognition, autonomous territories of sovereign countries, and fully sovereign countries.
Country names are listed in their short form, and do not include names spelled identically in English. Near-identical names in pronunciation or spelling are included, but countries named with non-proper nouns (like Central African Republic or United Arab Emirates) are not. It is debatable whether the mere omission of a diacritical mark (as in several instances in the table below) creates an exonym.
The languages listed are official languages and/or prominent local languages, except if the name for the associated country is spelled the same as in English. Languages in italics are no longer spoken in the given country, but the name listed retains some use.
Likewise, exonyms in italics are obsolete or are disputed.
Other territories
The following is a list of other territories/regions which are not deemed as countries or sovereign states.
Specific countries
Albania
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Durazzo | Durrës | Albanian | Dated, Italian name |
| Tirana | Tiranë | Albanian | Tirana is Albanian for "the Tirana" |
Algeria
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Algiers | Al-Jazā'ir (الجَزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Constantine | Qusanṭīnah (قسنطينة) | ||
| Oran | Wahrān (وَهران) | ||
Name of the country and its capital city in Arabic, Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر), is Arabic for "the islands".[4]
Armenia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Ararat Plain | Araratyan dasht (Արարատյան դաշտ) | Armenian | |
| Iğdır Ovası | Turkish | ||
| Yerevan | Erevan (Երևան) | Armenian | Armenian place pronounced like English name |
Australia
Most places in Australia have additional names in various indigenous Australian languages.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Ayers Rock | Uluru | Pitjantjatjara | Dated |
| Rose Hill | Parramatta | Dharug | Archaic |
| Tasmania | Lutruwita | Nuenonne / Palawa kani | |
Austria
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| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Ammergau Alps | Ammergebirge[5] | German | |
| Bavarian Prealps | Bayerische Voralpen[5] | ||
| Brenner Pass | Brennerpass[5] | ||
| Carinthia | Kärnten[6][5] | ||
| Carpathian Basin | Karpatenbecken[5] | ||
| Danube river | Donau[6] | ||
| Drava | Drau[5] | ||
| Drave | Dated | ||
| Lake Constance | Bodensee[6][5] | ||
| Northern Limestone Alps | Nördliche Kalkalpen[5] | ||
| Southern Limestone Alps | Südliche Kalkalpen[5] | ||
| Styria | Steiermark[6][5] | ||
| Tyrol | Tirol[5] | ||
| Vienna | Wien[6] | ||
| Wetterstein | Wettersteingebirge[5] | ||
Azerbaijan
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Baku | Bakı | Azeri | |
| Barda | Bərdə | ||
| Caucasus | Qafqaz | ||
| Ganja | Gəncə | ||
| Lachin | Laçın | ||
| Sumgait | Sumqayıt | ||
Belarus
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bielorussia, Byelorussia | Belorussia | Belarusian, Russian | obsolete |
| White Russia | |||
Belgium
Historically, English borrowed French names for many places in Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium. With a few exceptions this practice is no longer followed by most sources.[7]
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Antwerp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
| Bruges | Brugge | French name | |
| Brussels | Brussel | ||
| Bruxelles | French | ||
| Courtrai | Kortrijk | Dutch | Archaic, French name |
| Filford | Vilvoorde | Archaic | |
| Flanders | Vlaanderen | ||
| Gaunt | Gent | Archaic | |
| Ghent | |||
| Louvain | Leuven | Archaic, French name | |
| Mechlin | Mechelen | Archaic | |
| Ostend | Oostende | ||
| Wallonia | Wallonie | French | |
| Ypres | Ieper | Dutch | French name |
Bosnia & Herzegovina
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bosnia | Bosna (Босна) | Bosnian | |
| Herzegovina | Hercegovina (Херцеговина) | German spelling, English name pronounced the same | |
| Narenta | Neretva (Неретва) | Italian name, sometimes used in English | |
Bulgaria
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Balkan Mountains | Stara Planina (Стара Планина) | Bulgarian | |
| Danube river | Dunav (Дунав) | ||
| Philippopolis | Plovdiv (Пловдив) | Archaic | |
| Rhodope Mountains | Rodopi (Родопи) | ||
| Sofia | Sofiya (София) | ||
| Southern Dobruja | Dobrudzha (Добруджа) | Bulgarian half of former Dobruja region | |
| Thrace | Trakiya (Тракия) | ||
Canada
Numerous places in the predominantly French speaking province of Quebec have historically had English exonyms; in most cases, the exonym was a straight translation of the place's French name, with only one major cityTemplate:Which which ever had an English exonym that was entirely different from its original French name. With a few exceptions, such as Quebec City, these are no longer widely used. Exonyms are also commonly seen with regard to First Nations and Inuit peoples and communities; although government and media sources have evolved in recent years toward using these places' native endonyms, common usage may still favour the older exonyms.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Arctic Red River | Tsiigehtchic | Gwich'in | Archaic |
| Big Trout Lake | Kitchenuhmaykoosib | Oji-Cree | |
| Cambridge Bay | Iqaluktuuttiaq | Inuinnaqtun | |
| Chesterfield Inlet | Igluligaarjuk (ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ) | Inuktitut | |
| Fort Franklin | Délįnę | Sahtu | Archaic |
| Fort Hope | Eabametoong | Ojibwe | |
| Fort Norman | Tulita | Sahtu | Archaic |
| Fraserville | Rivière-du-Loup | French | |
| Frobisher Bay | Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ) | Inuktitut | |
| Gjoa Haven | Uqsuqtuuq (ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ) | ||
| Holman | Ulukhaktok | Inuinnaqtun | Archaic |
| Harrington Lake | Lac Mousseau | French | |
| Iroquois River | Rivière Richelieu | Archaic | |
| Island of Orleans | Île d'Orléans | ||
| Lansdowne House | Neskantaga | Oji-Cree | |
| Mount Royal | Mont-Royal | French | |
| Quebec City | Québec | ||
| Queen Charlotte Island | Haida Gwaii | Haida | Archaic |
| Rankin Inlet | Kangiqliniq (ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ) | Inuktitut | |
| Saint Andrew | Saint-André-d'Argenteuil | French | Archaic |
| Saint John | Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu | ||
| Summer Beaver | Nibinamik (ᓃᐱᓇᒥᐦᐠ) | Ojibwe | |
| The River Ouse | La Rivière Grand | French | Archaic |
| Kenhionhata:tie | Mohawk | ||
| Three Rivers | Trois-Rivières | French | Archaic |
| Two Mountains | Deux-Montagnes | ||
| Whale Cove | Tikiraqjuaq (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ) | Inuktitut | |
Cambodia
During the Khmer Rogue period (1975–1979), the country was known in English as Democratic Kampuchea, closer to the endonym than its modern English exonym. The English exonym of Cambodia is based on the French exonym, Cambodge. The endonym is sometimes used in English, but the exonym is far more common.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Mekong River | Tonle Mekongk (ទន្លេមេគង្គ) | Khmer | |
| Phnom Penh | Phnum Pénh (ភ្នំពេញគ) | ||
| Sihanoukville | Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ) | ||
| Kampong Som (កំពង់សោម) | |||
Central African Republic
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bangi | Bangî | Sango | Bangi is occasionally used in English |
| Bangui | French | ||
Chile
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Easter Island | Isla de Pascua | Spanish | |
| Rapa Nui | Rapa Nui | ||
| Fireland[8] | Tierra del Fuego | Spanish | Obsolete |
China
Template:More citations needed section Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin". Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin. Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries.[9][10] For all areas in mainland China, names written in Chinese are written in simplified characters. For all areas in the special administrative regions (SARs), the names will be written in traditional characters. Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Amoy | Amoy | Min Nan[11] | Archaic |
| Xiàmén (厦门) | Mandarin | ||
| Ē-mn̂g | Amoy | ||
| Ē-mûi | |||
| Canton | Guǎngzhōu (广州) | Mandarin | Archaic |
| Gwong2 Zau1 | Cantonese | ||
| Changbai Mountain | Chángbáishān (长白山) | Mandarin | |
| Paektusan (백두산) | Korean | ||
| Chengchow | Zhèngzhōu (郑州) | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization |
| Chengtu | Chéngdū (成都) | ||
| Chungking | Chóngqìng (重庆) | ||
| Foochow | Fúzhōu (福州) | ||
| Forbidden City | Gùgōng (故宫), Zǐjìnchéng (紫禁城) | Means "Ancient Palace" and "Purple Forbidden City" respectively | |
| Fukien | Fújiàn (福建) | Archaic, change in romanization | |
| Gobi Desert | Gēbì Shāmò (戈壁沙漠) | ||
| Govi (ᠭᠣᠪᠢ) | Mongolian | ||
| Hangchow | Hángzhōu (杭州) | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization |
| Heilungkiang | Hēilóngjiāng (黑龙江) | ||
| Khejluntszyan (Хэйлунцзян) | Russian | ||
| Hohhot | Kökeqota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ) | Mongolian | |
| Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特) / Hūshì (呼市) | Mandarin | ||
| Hokkien | Fújiàn (福建) | Hokkien | Archaic, but survives in English name of the language |
| Hong Kong | Hoeng1 Gong2 (香港) | Cantonese | |
| Xiānggǎng | Mandarin | ||
| Inner Mongolia | Öbür mongɣul (ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ) | Mongolian | |
| Nèi Měnggǔ (内蒙古) | Mandarin | ||
| Kalgan | Kalgan(ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ) | Mongolian | |
| Zhāngjiākǒu (张家口) / Kālāgàn (喀拉干) | Mandarin | Archaic | |
| Kwangchow | Gwong2 Zau1 | Cantonese | |
| Guǎngzhōu (广州) | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization | |
| Kweilin | Gveilinz | Zhuang | |
| Guìlín (桂林) | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization | |
| Lop Nor/Lop Nur | Luóbùpō (罗布泊) | ||
| Lob Nughur (ᠯᠣᠪ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ) | Mongolian script | ||
| Lop Nur (لوپنۇر) | Uyghur | ||
| Macau | Ou3 mun2 (澳門) | Cantonese | |
| Àomén (澳门) | Mandarin | ||
| Mekong River | Méigōnghé (湄公河) | ||
| Mount Everest | Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng
(珠穆朗玛峰) |
||
| Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ) | Tibetan | ||
| Mukden | Mukden | Manchu[12] | Archaic |
| Shěnyáng (沈阳) | Mandarin | ||
| Nanking | Nánjīng (南京) | Archaic, change in romanization | |
| Paotou | Bāotóu (包头) | Obsolete English spelling | |
| Buɣutu qota (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ) | Mongolian | ||
| Peking | Běijīng (北京) | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization |
| Port Arthur | Dàlián (大连) | Archaic | |
| Santow | Shàntóu (汕头) | ||
| Shaanxi | Shǎnxī (陕西) | Name spelled using Guoyeu Romatzyh romanization, as the name would be the same as Shanxi using pinyin without tones. | |
| Sian | Xī'ān (西安) | Archaic, change in romanization | |
| Sinkiang | Xīnjiāng (新疆) | ||
| Soochow | Sūzhōu (苏州) | ||
| Swatow | Shàntóu (汕头) | ||
| Suan1tao5 (汕头) | Teochew | English orthography close to Teochew pronunciation (Teochew 'n' sound is nasal) | |
| Szechuan | Sìchuān (四川) | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization |
| Tibet | Bod (བོད) | Tibetan | |
| Xīzàng (西藏) | Mandarin | ||
| Tsingtao | Qīngdǎo (青岛) | Archaic, change in romanization | |
| Yangtze River | Cháng jiāng (長江／长江) | Based on the archaic name Yángzǐ Jiāng (揚子江／扬子江) | |
| Yellow River | Huáng Hé (黃河) | ||
| Yenchi | Yánjí (延吉) | Archaic, change in romanization | |
| Yenji (옌지), Yŏn'gil (연길) | Korean | ||
| Yenki | |||
| Yánjí (延吉) | Mandarin | ||
Croatia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Danube | Dunav | Croatian | |
| Dalmatia | Dalmacija | ||
| Istria | Istra | ||
| Ragusa | Dubrovnik | Historical exonym | |
| Zara | Zadar | ||
Cuba
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bay of Pigs | Bahía de Cochinos | Spanish | Cochino is one of several Spanish words used to define "pig" |
| Havana | (La) Habana | ||
Cyprus
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Language | ||
| Famagusta | Ammokhóstos (Αμμόχωστος) | Greek | |
| Gazimaǧusa | Turkish | ||
| Kyrenia | Girne | ||
| Kerýneia (Κερύνεια) | Greek | ||
| Limassol | Lemesós (Λεμεσός) | ||
| Limasol | Turkish | ||
| Nicosia | Lefkoşa | ||
| Lefkosía (Λευκωσία) | Greek | ||
Czech Republic
Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic. With some exceptions (such as the Elbe and Oder rivers, both of which flow into Germany) this is no longer done by most sources.[13]
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Beskids | Beskydy | Czech | |
| Bohemia | Čechy | Latin name | |
| Bohemian Forest | Šumava | ||
| Bohemian Karst | Český kras | ||
| Bohemian Paradise | Český ráj | ||
| Bohemian Switzerland | České Švýcarsko | ||
| Budweis | České Budějovice | Archaic, German name | |
| Carlsbad | Karlovy Vary | ||
| Elbe river | Labe | German name | |
| Fichtel Mountains | Smrčiny | ||
| Franzensbad | Františkovy Lázně | Archaic, German name | |
| Giant Mountains | Krkonoše | ||
| Hanakia | Haná | Archaic | |
| Lachia | Lašsko | ||
| Marienbad | Mariánské Lázně | Archaic, German name | |
| Moravia | Morava | Latin name | |
| Moravian Slovakia | Slovácko | ||
| Moravian Wallachia | Valašsko | ||
| Oder river | Odra | German name | |
| Ore Mountains | Krušné hory | ||
| Pilsen | Plzeň | Archaic, German name | |
| Prague | Praha | French name | |
| Silesia | Slezsko | ||
| Ślōnsk | Silesian | ||
| Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains | Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie, Sudety | Czech | |
| Sudetenland | Sudety | ||
| Upper Palatine Forest | Český les | ||
Denmark
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Copenhagen | København | Danish | |
| Elsinore | Helsingør | Dated | |
| Funen | Fyn | ||
| Jutland | Jylland | ||
| Sleswick | Schleswig | Low German | |
| Slesvig | Danish | ||
| The Scaw | Skagen | Dated | |
| Zealand | Sjælland | ||
Faroe Islands
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Thor's Haven | Tórshavn | Danish | Dated |
Greenland
Several places were known under Danish names, or a variant of them. Now only the local Greenlandic is used.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Frederikdshab | Paamiut | Greenlandic | Obsolete |
| Godthab | Nuuk | ||
| Jacobshaven | Ilulissat | ||
| Sondre Stromfjord | Kangerlussuaq | ||
| Sondrestrom | |||
| Thule | Qaanaaq | ||
Egypt
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Alexandria | Al-Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية) | Egyptian Arabic | |
| Alexandria (ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) | Coptic | ||
| Eskendereyya (اسكندرية) | Egyptian Arabic | ||
| Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ ) | Coptic | ||
| Cairo | Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة) | Standard Arabic | |
| Maṣr (مَصر) | Egyptian Arabic | ||
| Giza | Al-Jīzah (الجيزة) | Standard Arabic | |
| El-Gīzeh (الجيزة) | Egyptian Arabic | ||
| Luxor | Al-Uqṣur (الاقصر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Babe (ⲡⲁⲡⲉ) | Coptic | ||
| Loqṣor (الأقصر) | Egyptian Arabic | ||
| Memphis | Manf (مَنْف) | Standard Arabic | |
| Memfi (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ) | Coptic | ||
| Nile | An-Nīl (النيل) | Standard Arabic | |
| En-Nīl (النيل) | Egyptian Arabic | ||
| Nilus | Latin | ||
| Port Said | Bur Sa'īd (بور سعيد) | Standard Arabic | |
| Bor Sa'īd (بور سعيد) | Egyptian Arabic | ||
| Suez | As-Suways (السويس) | Standard Arabic | |
The English name of Egypt derives from the French name, Egypte, which is derived from the Greek name, Aigyptos (Αίγυπτος).[14]
Estonia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Lake Peipus | Peipsi järv | Estonian | |
| Reval | Tallinn | Obsolete | |
Finland
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Karelia[15] | Karjala | Finnish | From Latin |
| Lapland[15] | Lappi | From Swedish Lappland | |
| Ostrobothnia[15] | Pohjanmaa | From Latin, compare Swedish Österbotten | |
| Savonia | Savo | From Latin | |
| Tavastia[15] | Häme | ||
France
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bay of Biscay | Golfe de Gascogne | French | |
| Bethwyn | Béthune | Archaic | |
| Brittany | Breizh | Breton | |
| Bretagne | French | ||
| Burgundy | Bourgogne | ||
| Camerick | Cambrai | Obsolete | |
| Corsica | Corse | ||
| Corsica | Corsican | ||
| Cressy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu | French | |
| Dauphiny | Dalfinat | Occitan | |
| Darfenât | Arpitan | ||
| Dauphiné | French | Archaic | |
| Dunkirk | Dunkerque | ||
| English Channel | La Manche | ||
| Flanders | Flandre | ||
| French Riviera | Côte d'Azur | ||
| Gascony | Gascogne | ||
| Gasconha | Gascon | ||
| Lyons | Liyon | Arpitan | |
| Lyon | French | Archaic | |
| Marseilles | Marseille | ||
| Marselha | Occitan | ||
| Normandy | Normandie | French | |
| Normaundie | Norman | ||
| Picardy | Picardie | French | |
| Rheims | Reims | Archaic | |
| Rhine River | Rhin | ||
| Rone | Rouen | Obsolete | |
| Savoy | Savoie | ||
| Savouè | Arpitan | ||
| Ushant | Eusa | Breton | |
| Ouessant | French | ||
Georgia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Caucasus | Kavkasioni (კავკასიონი) | Georgian | |
| Tiflis | Tbilisi (თბილისი) | Obsolete | |
Germany
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name[5][6] | Language | ||
| Aix-la-Chapelle | Aachen | Standard German | Archaic |
| Oche | Ripuarian | ||
| Baltic Sea | Ostsee | Standard German | |
| Bavaria | Bayern | ||
| Bay of Lübeck | Lübecker Bucht | German name means "Lübeck Bight" | |
| Bay of Mecklenburg | Mecklenburger Bucht | German name means "Mecklenburg Bight" | |
| Bay of Meldorf | Meldorfer Bucht | German name means "Meldorf Bight" | |
| Bay of Pomerania | Pommersche Bucht | German name means "Pomeranian Bight" | |
| Bay of Wismar | Wismarer Bucht | German name means "Wismar Bight" | |
| Black Forest | Schwarzwald | ||
| Brunswick | Braunschweig | Archaic | |
| Brunswiek | Low Saxon | ||
| Cleves | Kleve | Standard German | Archaic |
| Coblence | Koblenz | ||
| Coblenz | Dated | ||
| Cologne | Kölle | Ripuarian | |
| Köln | Standard German | ||
| Constance | Konstanz | Dated | |
| Danube river | Donau | ||
| Eastphalia | Oostfalen | Low Saxon | |
| Ostfalen | Standard German | ||
| Egge Hills | Eggegebirge | German name means "Egge Mountains" | |
| Franconia | Franken | ||
| Frankn | Austro-Bavarian | ||
| Franconian Jura | Frankenalb | Standard German | Frankenjura also used in German |
| Frankfort | Frangford (am Maa) | Hessian | Archaic |
| Frankfurt (am Main) | Standard German | ||
| Hamelin | Hameln | ||
| Hanover | Hannober | Low Saxon | |
| Hannover | Standard German | ||
| Haßberge Hills | Haßberge | ||
| Heligoland | deät Lun | Heligolandic North Frisian | |
| Hälilönj | Bökingharde North Frisian | ||
| Helgoland | Standard German | ||
| Hesse | Hessen | ||
| Hessia | |||
| Hither Pomerania | Vorpommern | ||
| Hohwacht Bay | Hohwachter Bucht | ||
| Jade Bight | Jadebusen | ||
| Kaufungen Forest | Kaufunger Wald | ||
| Kiel Canal | Nordostseekanal | ||
| Knüll | Knüllgebirge | German name also used in English | |
| Lake Constance | Bodensee | ||
| Lower Bavarian Upland | Niederbayerisches Hügelland | ||
| Lusatia | Lausitz | ||
| Łužica | Upper Sorbian | ||
| Łužyca | Lower Sorbian | ||
| Malborow | Marburg | Standard German | Archaic |
| Mayence | Mainz | ||
| Mentz | Archaic, British English | ||
| Moselle river | Mosel | ||
| Musel | Moselle Franconian | ||
| Munich | Minga | Austro-Bavarian | |
| München | Standard German | ||
| Nuremberg | Narrnberch | East Franconian | |
| Nürnberg | Standard German | ||
| Ore Mountains | Erzgebirge | ||
| Palatinate | Palz | ||
| Pfalz | |||
| Pomerania | Pommern | ||
| Prussia | Preußen | ||
| Ratisbon | Regensburg | Archaic | |
| Rengschburch | Austro-Bavarian | ||
| Rhenish Massif | Rheinisches Schiefergebirge | Standard German | |
| Rhine river | Rhein | ||
| Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha | English now uses translation Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | |
| Saxony | Sachsen | ||
| Sassen | Low Saxon | ||
| Swabia | Schwaben | Standard German | |
| Szczecin Lagoon | Stettiner Haff | ||
| Thuringia | Thüringen | ||
| Tréier | Moselle Franconian | ||
| Treves | Trier | Standard German | Archaic, French name |
| Western Pomerania | Vorpommern | ||
| Westphalia | Westfalen | Low Saxon | |
| Standard German | |||
Greece
The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks. The endonym Ellás comes from Helen of Troy, the legendary Greek figure whose abduction caused the Greek city-states to unite and fight against Troy during the Trojan War.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Attica | Attikí (Αττική) | Greek | |
| Athens | Athína (Αθήνα) | ||
| Boetia | Voiotía (Βοιωτία) | ||
| Corfu | Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα) | ||
| Corinth | Kórinthos (Κόρινθος) | ||
| Crete | Kríti (Κρήτη) | ||
| Cyclades | Kykládhes (Κυκλάδες) | ||
| Dodecanese | Dhodhekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα) | ||
| Epirus | Ipeiros (Ήπειρος) | ||
| Euboea | Evvoia (Εύβοια) | ||
| Heraklion | Irákleio (Ηράκλειο) | ||
| Icaria | Ikaría (Ικαρία) | ||
| Ithaca | Itháki (Ιθάκη) | ||
| Lepanto | Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος) | Archaic | |
| Macedonia | Makedonía (Μακεδονία) | ||
| Mediterranean Sea | Mesógeios thálassa (Μεσόγειος θάλασσα) | ||
| Missolonghi | Mesológi (Μεσολόγγι) | ||
| Naupactus | Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος) | Greek name also used in English | |
| Navarino | Pýlos (Πύλος) | Archaic | |
| Patras | Pátra (Πάτρα) | ||
| Peloponnese | Pelopónnisos (Πελοπόννησος) | ||
| Philippi | Fílippoi (Φίλιπποι) | ||
| Piraeus | Peiraiás (Πειραιάς) | ||
| Rhodes | Ródhos (Ρόδος) | ||
| Rhodope Mountains | Rodhópi (Ροδόπη) | ||
| Salonica | Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) | Archaic | |
| Samothrace | Samothráki (Σαμοθράκη) | ||
| Sparta | Spárti (Σπάρτη) | ||
| Thebes | Thíva (Θήβα) | ||
| Thessalonica | Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) | Greek name also used in English | |
| Thessaly | Thessalía (Θεσσαλία) | ||
| Thrace | Thráki (Θράκη) | ||
| Zante | Zákynthos (Ζάκυνθος) | Archaic | |
Haiti
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Labadee | Script error: No such module "Lang". | French | |
Hungary
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Budapest | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Hungarian | |
| Carpathian Mountains | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Comorn | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Dated | |
| Danube River | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Pesth | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Archaic | |
Iceland
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Blue Lagoon | Bláa lónið | Icelandic | |
| Westman Islands | Vestmannaeyjar | Dated, translation | |
India
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Allahabad | Prayagraj (प्रयागराज) | Hindi | Officially amended to Prayagraj but still in use in popular culture. |
| Allepey | Alappuzha (ആലപ്പുഴ) | Malayalam | Dated |
| Bangalore | Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) | Kannada | |
| Benares | Varanasi (वाराणसी) | Hindi | Dated |
| Bombay | Mumbai (मुंबई) | Marathi | |
| Calcutta | Kolkata (কলকাতা) | Bengali | |
| Cawnpore | Kanpur (कानपुर) | Hindi | Obsolete |
| Cochin | Kochi (കൊച്ചി) | Malayalam | |
| Delhi | Dilli (दिल्ली) | Hindi | |
| Ganges River | Ganga (गंगा) | ||
| Indus River | Sindhū (सिन्धु) | Sanskrit | |
| Jaypore | Jaipur (जयपुर) | Hindi | Obsolete |
| Laccadive Islands | Lakshadweep (ലക്ഷദ്വീപ്) | Malayalam | |
| Madras | Chennai (சென்னை) | Tamil | Dated |
| Palghat | Palakkad (പാലക്കാട്) | Malayalam | Obsolete |
| Pondicherry | Puducherry (புதுச்சேரி) | Tamil | Dated |
| Poona | Pune (पुणे) | Marathi | |
| Simla | Shimla (शिमला) | Hindi | Obsolete |
| Trivandrum | Thiruvananthapuram (തിരുവനന്തപുരം) | Malayalam | |
Indonesia
| English name | Endonym | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bencoolen | Bengkulu | Indonesian | Historical |
| Billiton | Belitung | Obsolete | |
| Borneo | Kalimantan | These exonyms are also unofficially used in Indonesia. | |
| Celebes | Sulawesi | ||
| Ceram | Seram | ||
| Java | Jawa | ||
| Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara Islands) |
Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara | ||
| Kepulauan Sunda Kecil | Historical | ||
| Moluccas | Kepulauan Maluku | ||
| New Guinea (Papua) |
Papua | ||
| Irian Jaya | Historical | ||
| Nugini | Fossil word, only in compounds. | ||
| Savu | Sawu | One of few alternative names for the island. Sabu is officially only used for Sabu Raijua Regency. | |
| Sabu | |||
| Thousand Islands | Kepulauan Seribu | ||
Iran
| English name | Endonym | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bushire | Bushehr (بوشهر) | Persian | Obsolete |
| Caspian Sea | Darya-ye Khazar (Khazar Sea) | ||
| Isfahan | Ešfahān (اصفهان) | ||
| Meshed | Mashhad (مشهد) | Obsolete | |
| Teheran | Tehran (تهران) | Obsolete | |
Iraq
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Ctesiphon | Ṭaysafūn (طيسفون) or Qaṭaysfūn (قطيسفون) | Standard Arabic | |
| Duhok | Dahūk (دهوك) | ||
| Dihok (دهۆک) | Kurdish | ||
| Beth Nohadra (ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ) | Syriac | ||
| Euphrates River | Al-Furāt (الفرات) | Standard Arabic | |
| Firat | Kurdish | ||
| Pǝrāth (ܦܪܬ) | Syriac | ||
| Mosul | Al-Mawṣil (الموصل) | Standard Arabic | |
| Māwṣil (ܡܘܨܠ) | Syriac | ||
| Mosil (مووسڵ) | Kurdish | ||
| Tigris River | Deqlath (ܕܹܩܠܵܬ) | Syriac | |
| Dîcle (دیجلە) | Kurdish | ||
| Dijla (دجله) | Standard Arabic | ||
Ireland
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names. The exceptions to this are listed here:
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Arklow | an tInbhear Mór | Irish | |
| Carlingford | Cairlinn | ||
| Connaught | Connacht | Dated | |
| Dalkey | Deilginis | ||
| Dursey | Baoi Bhéarra, Oileán Baoi | ||
| Dublin | Baile Átha Cliath | ||
| Fastnet | Carraig Aonair | ||
| Haulbowline | Inis Sionnach | ||
| Howth | Binn Éadair | ||
| Killarney | Cill Airne | ||
| Lambay | Reachrainn | ||
| Leinster | Laighin | ||
| Leixlip | Léim an Bhrádain | ||
| Meath | Mí | ||
| Munster | Mumhan | ||
| Oxmantown | Baile Lochlannach | ||
| Saltee | Na Sailtí | ||
| Selskar | Seilsceir | ||
| Skerries | Na Sceirí | ||
| Strangford | Loch Cuan | ||
| Ulster | Ulaidh | ||
| Waterford | Port Láirge | ||
| Wexford | Loch Garman | ||
| Wicklow | Cill Mhantáin | ||
Israel
The below listing is only a summary. Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917).[16]
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Acre | Ako (עכו) | Modern Hebrew | Greek name |
| Beersheba | Beer Sheva' (באר שבע) | ||
| Capernaum | Kfar Nachum (כפר נחום) | Latin name | |
| Dead Sea | Āl-Baḥrū l-Maytū (اَلْبَحْرُ الْمَيْتُ) | Standard Arabic | |
| Yam hamMelaḥ (ים המלח) | Modern Hebrew | ||
| Galilee | haGalil (הגליל) | ||
| Jaffa | Yafo (יפו) | ||
| Joppa | Greek name, dated | ||
| Jordan River | Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن) | Standard Arabic | |
| Nahar haYarden (נהר הירדן) | Modern Hebrew | ||
| Jerusalem | Ūršalīm (أُورُشَلِيمَ) | Standard Arabic | |
| Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Modern Hebrew | Latin name | |
| Nazareth | Natzrat (נצרת) | Greek name | |
| Sea of Galilee | Imat Tbria (بحيرة طبريا) | Standard Arabic | |
| Yamat haKineret (ימת הכינרת) | Modern Hebrew | ||
| Safed | Tzfat (צפת) | Arabic name | |
| Tiberias | Tverya (טבריה) | Greek name | |
Italy
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Apulia | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Neapolitan | ||
| Aventine Hill | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | |
| Caelian Hill | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Capitoline Hill | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Florence | Script error: No such module "Lang". | French name | |
| Genoa | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Ligurian | ||
| Herculaneum | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | English uses different names for the ancient and modern places |
| Janiculum | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Latin name | |
| Latium | Script error: No such module "Lang". | English uses different names for the ancient and modern places | |
| Leghorn | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Obsolete | |
| Lombardy | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Lombard | French name |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | ||
| Mantua | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Lombard | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | ||
| Milan | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Lombard | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | ||
| Montferrat | Script error: No such module "Lang". | French name | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Piedmontese | ||
| Naples | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Neapolitan | ||
| Padua | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Venetian | ||
| Piedmont | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Piedmontese | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | ||
| Phlegraean Fields | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Pompeii | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Latin name | |
| Pontine Marshes | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Rome | Script error: No such module "Lang". | French name | |
| Rubicon River | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Sardinia | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Sicily | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Sicilian | |||
| Sienna | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | Obsolete |
| Syracuse | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Sicilian | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | ||
| The Marches | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Obsolete | |
| Tiber | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Latin name | |
| Tuscany | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Turin | Script error: No such module "Lang". | ||
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Piedmontese | ||
| Trent | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | Dated |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Ladin and Lombard | ||
| Tyrol | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | |
| Venice | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Venetian | French name |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | Standard Italian | ||
| Vesuvius | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Neapolitan | Latin name |
| Standard Italian | |||
Many English exonyms were derived from the French variations, such as Rome and Venice.
Japan
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bonin Islands | Ogasawara Guntou (小笠原群島) | Japanese | |
| Iwo Jima | Iou-tou (硫黄島) | Alternative reading of endonym | |
| Liancourt Rocks | Takeshima (竹島) | ||
| Ryūkyū Islands | Nansei-shotou (南西諸島) | ||
| Volcano Islands | Kazan Rettou (火山列島) | ||
The English name for Japan derives from the Portuguese name for the country, Japão, which was based on a Chinese transcription of Japan's endonym, Nippon or Nihon (日本).[17]
Laos
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Louangphabang | Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ) | Lao | Also spelled Luangphabang |
| Mekong River | Maenam Khong (ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ) | ||
| Savannakhet | Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ) | ||
| Viangchan[18] | Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ) | ||
| Vientiane | from French | ||
| Wiangchan[19] | |||
An older variant of the country's name in English uses the definite article, the Laos, which is now obsolete.
Latvia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Courland | Kurzeme | Latvian | |
| Lettgallia | Latgale | Dated | |
| Semigallia | Zemgale | ||
Lebanon
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Sidon | Ṣaydā (صيدا) | Standard Arabic | |
| Tyre | Ṣūr (صور) | ||
| Tripoli | Ṭarābulus (طرابلس) | ||
Libya
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Cyrenaica | Barqah (برقة) | Standard Arabic | |
| Fezzan | Fezzan (ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ) | Berber | |
| Fizzān (فزان) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Misrata | Miṣrātah (مصراتة) | ||
| Sirte | Sirt (سرت) | ||
| Tripoli | Ṭrables | Berber | |
| Ṭarābulus (طرابلس) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Ṭrābləs (طرابلس) | Maghrebi Arabic | ||
| Tripolitania | Ṭrables | Berber | |
| Ṭarābulus (طرابلس) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Ṭrābləs (طرابلس) | Maghrebi Arabic | ||
Lithuania
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Neman river | Nemunas | Lithuanian | |
| Nieman river | Dated | ||
| Samogitia | Žemaitija | ||
| Sudovia | Sudūva | ||
| Yotvingia | Dainava | ||
| Vilna or Wilna | Vilnius | Obsolete | |
Malaysia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Malacca | Melaka | Malay | |
| Penang Island | Pulau Pinang | ||
| Johore | Johor | ||
Mexico
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Kino Bay | Hermosillo | Spanish | |
| Rocky Point | Puerto Peñasco | Dated | |
Moldova
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Kishinev | Chișinău | Romanian | Obsolete |
Mongolia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Gobi Desert | Govi (Говь/ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ) | Mongolian | |
| Ulan Bator | Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар/ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ) | Obsolete | |
Morocco
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Casablanca | Ad-Dār Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء) | Standard Arabic | |
| Kaza (كازا)[20] | Moroccan Arabic | Informal name for the city | |
| Anfa (ⴰⵏⴼⴰ) | Berber | ||
| Fez | Fās (ⴼⴰⵙ) | ||
| Fās (فاس) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Marrakesh | Murrākush (مراكش) | ||
| Tangier | Ṭanja (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ) | Berber | |
| Ṭanjah (طنجة) | Standard Arabic | ||
The English name for the country derives from the city name Marrakesh.[21] The Arabic name for the country, al-Magrib (المغرب), is Arabic for "the west".
Myanmar
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Mekong River | Megaung Myit (မဲခေါင်မြစ်) | Burmese | |
| Naypyidaw | Nay Pyi Taw (နေပြည်တော်) | ||
| Pagan | Bagan (ပုဂံ) | Dated | |
| Rangoon | Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့) | ||
| Ummerapoora | Amarapura (အမရပူရ) | ||
Nepal
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Mount Everest | Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा) | Nepali | |
Netherlands
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Brill | Brielle | Dutch | Obsolete |
| Dort | Dordrecht | ||
| Flushing | Vlissingen | ||
| Guelders | Gelderland | Dated | |
| Hook of Holland | Hoek van Holland | ||
| Leyden | Leiden | Dated | |
| Meuse river | Maas | French name | |
| Rhine river | Rijn | ||
| Ryswick | Rijswijk | Obsolete | |
| The Hague | Den Haag | ||
Norway
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bear Island | Bjørnøya | Norwegian | Translation |
| North Cape | Davvenjárgga | Northern Sami | |
| Nordkapp | Norwegian | ||
| Slagen Valley | Slagndarn | Tunsbergian | |
| Slagendalen | Norwegian | ||
| The Southland | Sørlandet | ||
North Korea
The inhabitants of North Korea prefer the official name of the country, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK),[22] Chosŏn, or simply Korea.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Diamond Mountain | Kŭmgang-san (금강산) | Korean | English now uses rough transliteration Mount Kumgang |
| Paektu Mountain | Paektu-san (백두산) | ||
| Tumen River | Tuman-gang (두만강) | Mandarin name, as the river borders China | |
| Yalu River | Amnok-kang (압록강) | ||
Palestine
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bethany | Al-'Eizariya (العيزرية) | Standard Arabic | |
| Bethlehem | Beyt Laḥm (بيت لحم) | Levantine Arabic | |
| Bayta Laḥm (بيت لحم) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Dead Sea | al-Baḥr al-Mayt (اَلْبَحْر الْمَيْت) | Levantine Arabic | |
| Gaza City | Ghazzah (غَزَّة) | Standard Arabic | |
| Hebron | Al-Khalīl (الخليل) | ||
| Jericho | Arīḥā (أريحا) | ||
| Jerusalem | Al-Quds (القُدس) | Latin name | |
| Jordan River | Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن) | ||
Philippines
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Caloocan | Kalookan | Tagalog | |
| Cebu | Sugbo | Cebuano | |
| Davao | Dabaw | ||
| Manila | Maynila | Tagalog | |
Poland
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Auschwitz | Oświęcim | Polish | Dated, German name |
| Breslau | Wrocław | ||
| Carpathian Mountains | Karpaty | ||
| Cracow | Kraków | ||
| Danzig | Gdańsk | Dated, German name | |
| Galicia | Galicja | ||
| Giant Mountains | Karkonosze | ||
| Kashubia | Kaszëbë | Kashubian | |
| Kaszuby | Polish | ||
| Kuyavia | Kujawy | ||
| Mazovia | Mazowsze | ||
| Mazuria | Mazury | ||
| Oder river | Odra | ||
| Pomerania | Pomorze | ||
| Subcarpathia | Podkarpacie | ||
| Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains | Sudety | ||
| Silesia | Śląsk | ||
| Ślōnsk | Silesian | ||
| Vistula river | Wisła | Polish | |
| Warsaw | Warszawa | ||
Portugal
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Azores | Açores | Portuguese | Spanish name |
| Braganza | Bragança | Dated, Spanish name | |
| Lisbon | Lisboa | ||
| Oporto | Porto | Obsolete | |
| Tagus river | Tejo | Latin name | |
Romania
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bucharest | București | Romanian | |
| Carpathian Mountains | Carpați | ||
| Danube River | Dunărea | ||
| Jassy | Iași[23] | Obsolete | |
| Northern Dobruja | Dobrogea, Dobrogea de Nord | Romanian part of the region of Dobruja | |
| Transylvania | Transilvania | ||
| Wallachia | Țara Românească, Valahia | ||
Russia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Archangel | Arkhangelsk (Архангельск) | Russian | Dated |
| Black Sea | Chernoye (Черное) | ||
| Caucasus | Kavkaz (Кавказ) | ||
| Caspian Sea | Kaspiyskoye more (Каспийское море) | ||
| Grozny | Sölƶa-Ġala (Соьлжа-ГӀала) | Chechen | |
| Groznyy (Грозный) | Russian | ||
| Moscow | Moskva (Москва) | ||
| Orel | Oryol (Орёл) | Obsolete | |
| Pacific Ocean | Tikhiy okean (Тихий океан) | ||
| Plescow | Pskov (Псков) | Obsolete | |
| Saint Petersburg | Sankt-Peterburg (Санкт-Петербург) | ||
| Siberia | Sibir' (Сибирь) | ||
Saudi Arabia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Arabian Sea | Al-Baḥr al-'Arabī (البحر العربي) | Standard Arabic | |
| Empty Quarter | Rub' al Khali (ٱلرُّبْع ٱلْخَالِي) | ||
| Gulf of Aden | Khalīj ʻAdan (خليج عدن) | ||
| Jeddah | Jiddah (جِدَّة) | ||
| Mecca | Makkah (مکة) | ||
| Medina | Al-Madīnah (المدينة) | ||
| Persian Gulf | Khalij-e fârs (خلیج فارس) | Farsi | |
| Al-Khalīj al-'Arabī (اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Red Sea | Al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar (البحر الأحمر) | ||
| Riyadh | Er-Riyāḍ (الرياض) | Najdi Arabic | |
| Ar-Riyāḍ (الرياض) | Standard Arabic | ||
Serbia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Balkan Mountains | Stara Planina (Стара Планина) | Serbian | |
| Belgrade | Beograd (Београд) | French name | |
| Danube river | Dunav (Дунав) | ||
Slovakia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Carpathian Mountains | Karpaty | Slovak | |
| Cassovia | Košice | Latin name | |
| Danube river | Dunaj | ||
| Gerlach Peak | Gerlachovský štít | ||
| Maple Mountains | Javorníky | ||
| Slovak Ore Mountains | Slovenské rudohorie | ||
Slovenia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Carinthia | Koroška | Slovene | |
| Inner Carniola | Notranjska | ||
| Karawanks | Karavanke | ||
| Karst | Kras | ||
| Lower Carniola | Dolenjska | ||
| Slovene Littoral | Primorska | ||
| Styria | Štajerska | ||
| Upper Carniola | Gorenjska | ||
Somalia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Baidoa | Baydhabo | Somali | |
| Chisimaio | Kismaayo | Obsolete | |
| Mogadishu | Muqdisho | ||
| Villabruzzi | Jowhaar | Dated | |
South Africa
Many South African towns have multiple names due to the number of languages. Additionally, some places have been renamed from English and Afrikaans.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Aliwal North | Maletswai | Sotho | |
| Cape Town | ǁHui!gaeb | Khoekhoe | |
| Kaapstad | Afrikaans | ||
| iKapa | Xhosa | ||
| Fish Hoek | Vishoek | Afrikaans | |
| Grahamstown | Grahamstad | Dated in Afrikaans and English | |
| iRhini | Xhosa | ||
| Makhanda | |||
| Queenstown | Komani | Sotho | |
| Simon's Town | Simonstad | Afrikaans | |
South Korea
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Liancourt Rocks | Dokdo (독도) | Korean | |
| Port Hamilton | Geomundo (거문도) | ||
| Pusan | Busan (부산시) | Dated | |
| Quelpart | Jeju (제주도) | Obsolete | |
Spain
English uses Spanish-language exonyms for some places in non-Spanish speaking regions of Spain.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Andalusia | Andalucía | Spanish | |
| Basque Country | País Vasco | ||
| Euskadi | Basque | ||
| Biscay | Bizkaia | ||
| Vizcaya | Spanish | ||
| Castile | Castilla | ||
| Catalonia | Catalunya | Catalan | Latin name |
| Corunna | A Coruña | Galician | Obsolete |
| Douro | Duero | Spanish | Portuguese name |
| Majorca | Mallorca | Catalan | Dated |
| Minorca | Menorca | ||
| Navarre | Nafarroa | Basque | |
| Pampeluna | Pamplona | Spanish | Dated |
| Saragossa | Zaragoza | ||
| Seville | Sevilla | ||
| Tagus | Tajo | Latin name | |
| Teneriffe | Tenerife | Obsolete, French name | |
| The Groyne | A Coruña | Galician | Obsolete |
| Vittoria | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Compound of the Spanish and Basque names (often used separately) | Dated |
| Vitorixe | Basque form of Spanish name | ||
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon in English until 1972.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Adam's Peak | Civaṉoḷipātam (சிவனொளிபாதம்)
Civaṉaṭipātam (சிவனடிபாதம்) |
Tamil | |
| Śrī Pāda (ශ්රී පාද) | Sinhala | ||
| Batticaloa | Maṭṭakkaḷappu (மட்டக்களப்பு) | Tamil | |
| Madakalapuwa (මඩකලපුව) | Sinhala | ||
| Chilaw | Cilāpam (சிலாபம்) | Tamil | |
| Halawta (හලාවත) | Sinhala | ||
| Colombo | Kolamba (කොළඹ) | ||
| Koḻumpu (கொழும்பு) | Tamil | ||
| Delft | Neṭuntīvu (நெடுந்தீவு) | ||
| Ḍelfṭ (ඩෙල්ෆ්ට්) | Sinhala | ||
| Elephant Pass | Āṉaiyiṟavu (ஆனையிறவு) | Tamil | |
| Alimankada (අලිමංකඩ) | Sinhala | ||
| Galle | Galla (ගාල්ල) | ||
| Kāli (காலி) | Tamil | ||
| Jaffna | Yāḻppāṇam (யாழ்ப்பாணம்) | ||
| Yāpanaya (යාපනය) | Sinhala | ||
| Kandy | Kaṇṭi (கண்டி) | Tamil | |
| Mahanuwara (මහනුවර) | Sinhala | ||
| Kayts | Ūrkāvaṟtuṟai (ஊர்காவற்துறை) | Tamil | |
| Kayiṭs (කයිට්ස්) | Sinhala | ||
| Mutwal | Modara (මෝදර) | ||
| Mukattuvāram (முகத்துவாரம்) | Tamil | ||
| Negombo | Meegumuwa (මීගමුව) | Sinhala | |
| Nirkolompu (நீர்கொழும்பு) | Tamil | ||
| Point Pedro | Paruttittuṟai (பருத்தித்துறை) | ||
| Pēduru Tuḍuva (පේදුරු තුඩුව) | Sinhala | ||
| Pooneryn | Poonakary (பூநகரி) | Tamil | |
| Pūneriya (පූනෙරිය) | Sinhala | ||
| Trincomalee | Tirukōṇamalai (திருகோணமலை) | Tamil | |
| Thrikunamalaya (ත්රිකුණාමළය) | Sinhala | ||
Sudan
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Khartoum | Al-Khurṭūm (الخَرطوم) | Standard Arabic | |
| El-Khortūm (الخَرطوم) | Sudanese Arabic | ||
| Nile River | An-Nīl (النيل) | Standard Arabic | |
| En-Nīl (النيل) | Sudanese Arabic | ||
| Omdurman | Omm Dormān (أُم درمان) | ||
| Umm Durmān (أُم درمان) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Port Sudan | Burtusudan (بورتسودان) | ||
| Bar'uut | Beja | ||
Sweden
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Dalecarlia | Dalarna | Elfdalian | Latin name; Swedish name also used |
| Swedish | |||
| Gothenburg | Göteborg | ||
| North Bothnia | Norrbotten | Swedish name also used | |
| Scania | Skåne | Latin name | |
| The Dales | Dalarna | Elfdalian | Obsolete; translation of Swedish name |
| Swedish | |||
| West Bothnia | Västerbotten | Swedish | Swedish name also used in English |
Switzerland
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Historically, English-language sources borrowed French-language names for some places in German-speaking Switzerland. This is no longer done, and many sources now use German names for most Swiss German-speaking places.[24]
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Basle | Basel | Standard German | Obsolete |
| Berne | Bern | ||
| Geneva | Genève | French | |
| Genf | Standard German | ||
| Lucerne | Luzern | ||
| Rhine River | Rhein | ||
| Valais | Wallis | ||
Syria
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Aleppo | Ḥalab (حَلَب) | Standard Arabic | |
| Levantine Arabic | |||
| Damascus | Dimashq (دِمَشْق) | Standard Arabic | |
| Dimash' (دِمَشْق) | Levantine Arabic | ||
| Euphrates River | Al-Furat (الفرات) | Standard Arabic | |
| Homs | Ḥimṣ (حِمْص) | ||
| Ḥumṣ (حُمْص) | Levantine Arabic | ||
| Palmyra | Tadmur (تَدْمُر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Levantine Arabic | |||
| Latakia | Al-Lādhiqīyah (اللاذقية) | Standard Arabic | |
| El-Lādi'iyyeh (اللاذقية) | Levantine Arabic | ||
Thailand
Thailand was known as Siam in English until the Siamese revolution of 1932.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Bangkok | Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ) | Thai | Bangkok was the name of a village built on the west bank of the Chao Phraya river before it grew and became the new capital of Siam, after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767.[25] The city is called Krung Thep among Thai citizens, but Bangkok among non-Thai citizens. The Thai government has attempted to change the official English name to Krung Thep, but the unofficial name of Bangkok remains in common use. |
| Junk Ceylon | Phuket (ภูเก็ต) | Obsolete; a corruption of the Malay Tanjung Salang | |
| Kanburi | Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี) | Obsolete | |
| Mekong River | Maenam Khong (แม่น้ำโขง) | ||
| Menam | Maenam Chao Praya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา) | Obsolete | |
| Odia | Ayutthaya (อยุธยา) | ||
| Singora | Songkhla (สงขลา) | ||
| Zimme | Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่) | ||
Taiwan
Template:More citations needed section The main island of Taiwan is also known in English as Formosa. All Chinese names below are written in traditional characters. As mentioned above in the China section, many place names in Taiwan use either pinyin or Wade-Giles.
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Pehoe | Phîⁿ-ô͘ | Hokkien | |
| Penghu (澎湖) | Mandarin | Obsolete, from Min Nan name Phênô | |
| Pescadores | Phîⁿ-ô͘ | Hokkien | |
| Penghu (澎湖) | Mandarin | Dated, Portuguese name | |
| Quemoy | Kimoi | Hokkien | |
| Kinmen (金門) | Mandarin | Possibly a Spanish or Portuguese transcription of the Zhengzhou Hokkien name for the city, Kim-mûi[26] | |
Tunisia
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Gabès | Gābes (قابس) | Maghrebi Arabic | Pronounced similar to English name |
| Qābis (قابس) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Sfax | Sifaks (ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ) | Berber | |
| Ṣfāqes (صفاقس) | Maghrebi Arabic | ||
| Ṣafaqus (صفاقس) | Standard Arabic | ||
| Sousse | Susa | Berber | |
| Sūseh (سوسة) | Maghrebi Arabic | ||
| Sūsah (سوسة) | Standard Arabic | ||
Turkey
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Adalia | Antalya | Turkish | Dated |
| Adrianople | Edirne | ||
| Alexandretta | İskenderun | ||
| Anemurium | Anamur | ||
| Antioch | Antakya | ||
| Bosphorus | Boǧaziçi | ||
| Byzantium | İstanbul | Obsolete | |
| Caeserea | Kayseri | Dated | |
| Cappadocia | Kapadokya | ||
| Claudiopolis | Mut | Dated | |
| Constantinople | İstanbul | ||
| Dardanelles | Çanakkale Boǧazı | ||
| Edessa | (Sanlı)urfa | Dated | |
| Ephesus | Efes | ||
| Euphrates River | Fırat | ||
| Gallipoli | Gelibolu | Dated | |
| Halicarnassus | Bodrum | ||
| Heraclea Pontica | Karadeniz Ereǧli | ||
| Iconium | Konya | ||
| Imbros | Gökçeada | Greek name | |
| Istanbul | İstanbul | Some consider Istanbul to be an English exonym of İstanbul.[27]
Normally spelled without İ in English, even in sources which would otherwise use it.[28] | |
| Kerasous | Giresun | Dated | |
| Laranda | Karaman | ||
| Magnesia ad Sipylum | Manisa | ||
| Nicaea | Iznik | ||
| Nicomedia | Izmit | ||
| Pergamon | Bergama | ||
| Philadelphia | Alaşehir | ||
| Prusa | Bursa | ||
| Scutari | Üsküdar | Dated[29] | |
| Seleucia | Silifke | Dated | |
| Smyrna | İzmir | ||
| Tenedos | Bozcaada | Greek name | |
| Thrace | Trakya | ||
| Tigris River | Dicle | ||
| Tralles | Aydın | Dated | |
| Trebizond | Trabzon | ||
In June 2022, the United Nations agreed to change the country's official name in English as Türkiye at the request of the Turkish government.[30] However, the majority of English speakers still refer to the country as Turkey in daily use.
Ukraine
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Black Sea | Chorne (Чорне) | Ukrainian | |
| Carpathian Ruthenia | Karpatska Rus' (Карпатська Русь) | Historic region | |
| Carpathian Ukraine | Karpatska Ukrayina (Карпатська Україна) | ||
| Chernobyl | Chornobyl (Чорнобиль) | Russian name | |
| Crimea | Krym (Крим) | Region claimed by Russia, but many nations do not recognize it as part of Russia[31] | |
| Danube River | Dunai (Дунай) | ||
| Galicia | Halychyna (Галичина) | Historic region | |
| Gorlovka | Horlivka (Горлівка) | Archaic, Russian name | |
| Kharkov | Kharkiv (Харків) | ||
| Kiev | Kyiv (Київ) | Russian name; though the Russian endonym Kiev prevailed after the Soviet Union ended in 1991, in the late 2010s media outlets and governments began using Kyiv at the request of the Ukrainian government. | |
| Krivoy Rog | Kryvyi Rih (Кривиі Ріг) | Archaic, Russian name | |
| Podolia | Podillia (Поділля) | Historic region | |
| Subcarpathia | Pidkarpattia (Підкарпаття) | ||
| Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Subcarpathian Rus | Pidkarpatska Rus' (Підкарпатська Русь) | ||
| Transcarpathia | Zakarpattia (Закарпаття) | ||
| Transcarpathian Ukraine | Zakarpatska Ukrayina (Закарпатська Україна) | ||
| Volhynia | Volyn' (Волинь) | Historic region | |
United Kingdom
The places listed are where non-English local languages are mainly used or where the non-English names do not regularly correspond to the English one.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Aberdovey | Aberdyfi | Welsh | Dated |
| Abergavenny | Y Fenni | ||
| Achmore | An t-Acha Mòr | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Aird of Sleat | Àird Shlèite | ||
| Alexandria | Magh Leamhna | ||
| Ammanford | Rhydaman | Welsh | |
| Anglesey | Ynys Môn | ||
| Applecross | A'Chomraich | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Ardvasar | Àird a Bhàsair | ||
| Arinagour | Àirigh na Gobhar | ||
| Bala Lake | Llyn Tegid | Welsh | |
| Balivanich | Baile a Mhanaich | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Ballygrant | Baile a Ghràna | ||
| Bardsey Island | Ynys Enlli | Welsh | |
| Barmouth | Abermaw or Y Bermo |
||
| Barra | Barraigh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Barvas | Barabhas | ||
| Bayble | Pabail | ||
| Bearsden | Cille Phàdraig Ùr | Formerly Kilpatrick | |
| Beauly | A'Mhanachainn | ||
| Beaumaris | Biwmaris | Welsh | |
| Benbecula | Beinn na Fadhla | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Bernisdale | Beàrnasdal | ||
| Bishopbriggs | Coille Dobhair | Formerly Cadder | |
| Bonvilston | Tresimwn | Welsh | |
| Borrowstounness (Bo'ness) | Ceann an Fhàil | Scottish Gaelic | Formerly Kinneil |
| Bowmore | Bogh Mòr | ||
| Bracadale | Bracadal | ||
| Brecknockshire nowadays usually Breconshire |
Brycheiniog | Welsh | |
| Brecon | Aberhonddu | ||
| Brecon Beacons | Bannau Brycheiniog | ||
| Bridgend (Scotland) | Beul an Àtha | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Bridgend (Wales) | Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr | Welsh | |
| Breasclete | Breascleit | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Broadford | An t-Àth Leathann | ||
| Buckley | Bwcle | Welsh | |
| Builth Wells | Llanfair-ym-Muallt | ||
| Caerleon | Caerllion | ||
| Ca(e)rnavon | Caernarfon | Dated | |
| Cairngorms | Am Monadh Ruadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Cairnryan | Machair An Sgithich, Cairn Rioghainne |
||
| Callinish | Calanais | ||
| Caldey Island | Ynys Bŷr | Welsh | |
| Calgary | Calgarraidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Camastianavaig | Camas Dìonabhaig | ||
| Campbeltown | Ceann Loch Chille Chiaran | ||
| Cardiff | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
| Cardigan | Aberteifi | ||
| Carinish | Càirinis | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Carloway | Càrlabhag | ||
| Carmarthen | Caerfyrddin | Welsh | |
| Castlebay | Bàgh a Chaisteal | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Cardiganshire | Ceredigion | Welsh | Dated |
| Chepstow | Cas-gwent | ||
| Chirk | Y Waun | ||
| Cleadale | Clèadail | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Coll | Cola | ||
| Colonsay | Colbhasa | ||
| Conway | Conwy | Welsh | Dated |
| Cowbridge | Y Bont-faen | ||
| Craighouse | Taigh na Creige | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Craignure | Craig an Iobhar | ||
| Daliburgh | Dalabrog | ||
| Denbigh | Dinbych | Welsh | |
| Devil's Bridge | Pontarfynach | ||
| Dingwall | Inbhir Pheofharain | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Dolgelley | Dolgellau | Welsh | Dated |
| Dufftown | Baile Bhainidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Dunvegan | Dùn Bheagain | ||
| Ebbw Vale | Glyn Ebwy | Welsh | |
| Edinbane | An t-Aodann Bàn | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Eigg | Eige | ||
| Elgol | Ealaghol | ||
| Eriskay | Èirisgeigh | ||
| Fishguard | Abergwaun | Welsh | |
| Flint | Y Fflint | ||
| Flowerdale | Am Baile Mòr | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Fort Augustus | Cille Chuimein | Formerly Kilwhimin | |
| Fort William | An Gearasdan | ||
| Fortrose | A' Chananaich | ||
| Glamorgan | Morgannwg | Welsh | |
| Goodwick | Wdig | ||
| Gower Peninsula | Gŵyr | ||
| Great Orme | Y Gogarth | ||
| Harlosh | Hèarrlois | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Harris | Na Hearadh | ||
| Haverfordwest | Hwlffordd | Welsh | |
| Hawarden | Penarlâg | ||
| Hay-on-Wye | Y Gelli Gandryll informally Y Gelli |
||
| Holyhead | Caergybi | ||
| Holywell | Treffynnon | ||
| Holywood, Dumfriesshire | Doire Chonaill | Scottish Gaelic | Formerly Dercongal |
| Howmore | Tobha Mòr | ||
| Iona | Ì Chaluim Chille | ||
| Islay | Ìle | ||
| Isle of Lewis | Leodhas | ||
| Isle of Mull | Muile | ||
| Isle of Skye | Sgitheneach | ||
| Isleornsay | Eilean Iarmain | ||
| Jura | Diùra | ||
| Kincardineshire | A' Mhaorainn | Sometimes called The Mearns | |
| Knighton | Tref-y-clawdd | Welsh | |
| Kyleakin | Caol Àcain | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Kylerhea | Caol Reatha | ||
| Lampeter | Llanbedr Pont Steffan | Welsh | |
| Laurencekirk | Coinmheadh | Scottish Gaelic | Formerly Conveth |
| Laxdale | Lacadal | ||
| Leurbost | Liùrbost | ||
| Leverburgh | An t-Òbh | Formerly Obbe | |
| Linlithgow | Gleann Iucha | ||
| Llandovery | Llanymddyfri | Welsh | |
| Llantwit Major | Llanilltud Fawr | ||
| Lochboisdale | Loch Baghasdail | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Lochmaddy | Loch nam Madadh | ||
| Lochnagar | Beinn Chìochan | ||
| Menai Bridge | Porthaethwy | Welsh | |
| Menai Strait | Afon Menai | Welsh name means "River Menai" | |
| Merionethshire | Meirionydd | ||
| Milford Haven | Aberdaugleddau | ||
| Milovaig | Miolabhaig | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Mold | Yr Wyddgrug | Welsh | |
| Monmouth | Trefynwy | ||
| Monmouthshire | Sir Fynwy | ||
| Montgomeryshire | Trefaldwyn | ||
| Mountain Ash | Aberpennar | ||
| Muck | Muc | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Neath | Castell-nedd | Welsh | |
| Newbridge | Trecelyn | ||
| Newport | Casnewydd | ||
| Newtonferry | Port nan Long | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Newtown | Y Drenewydd | Welsh | |
| Northop | Llaneurgain | ||
| Orsay | Orasaigh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Pembrokeshire | Penfro | Welsh | |
| Pont Neath Vaughan | Pontneddfechan | Dated | |
| Port Askaig | Port Asgaig | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Port Charlotte | Port Sgioba | ||
| Port Dinorwic | Y Felinheli | Welsh | Dated |
| Port Ellen | Port Ìlain | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Port of Ness | Port Nis | ||
| Portmadoc | Porthmadog | Welsh | Dated |
| Portnaguran | Port nan Giùran | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Portnahaven | Port na-hAbhainn | ||
| Portree | Port Righ | ||
| Presteigne | Llanadras | Welsh | |
| Puffin Island | Ynys Seiriol | ||
| Raasay | Ratharsair | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Radnor; Radnorshire | Maesyfed; Sir Maesyfed | Welsh | |
| Rhymney | Rhymni | ||
| River Forth | An Abhainn Dubh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| River Severn | Hafren | Welsh | |
| River Towy | Afon Tywi | ||
| River Usk | Afon Wysg | ||
| River Wye | Afon Gwy | ||
| Rodel | Roghadal | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Rothesay | Baile Bhòid | ||
| Saint Asaph | Llanelwy | Welsh | |
| Saint David's | Tyddewi | ||
| Saint Kilda | Hiort | Scottish Gaelic | Main island called Hirta |
| Salen | An t-Sàilean | ||
| Scalpay | Sgalpaigh | ||
| Scarinish | Sgarainis | ||
| Scotland | Alba | ||
| Skigersta | Sgiogarstaigh | ||
| Snowdon | Yr Wyddfa | Welsh | |
| Snowdonia | Eryri | ||
| Soay | Sòdhaigh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| South Queensferry | Cas Chaolais | Formerly Caschillis | |
| Staffa | Stafa | ||
| Stein | Steinn | ||
| Stoneybridge | Staoinebrig | ||
| Stornoway | Steòrnabhagh | ||
| Swansea | Abertawe | Welsh | |
| Tain | Baile Dubhthaich | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Tarbert | Tairbeart | ||
| Tarskavaig | Tarsgabhaig | ||
| Tenby | Dynbich-y-pysgod | Welsh | |
| The Cobbler | Beinn Artair | Scottish Gaelic | Also called Ben Arthur |
| Tigharry | Taigh a'Gherraidh | ||
| Tintern | Dindyrn | Welsh | |
| Tiree | Tiriodh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Tobermory | Tobar Mhoire | ||
| Torrin | Na Torrain | ||
| Troon | An Truthail | ||
| Towyn | Tywyn | Welsh | Dated |
| Uist | Uibhist | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Ulva | Ulbha | ||
| Usk | Brynbuga | Welsh | |
| Vale of Glamorgan | Bro Morgannwg | ||
| Vatersay | Bhatarsaigh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Wishaw | Camasneachdain | ||
| Wales | Cymru | Welsh | |
| Welshpool | Y Trallwng | ||
| Whitland | Hendy-gwyn | ||
| Wrexham | Wrecsam | ||
United States
Several places in the United States have additional names in various Native languages.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Allegheny River | Ohi:'i:o | Seneca | |
| Mount McKinley | Denali | Koyukon | See Denali-Mount McKinley naming dispute |
| Mount Rainier | Tacoma | Salish | |
| Red House | Joë'hesta | Seneca | |
Vietnam
All cities and towns are often spelled without diacritics; names without them are not listed here.
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Annamite Range | Dãy Trường Sơn | Vietnamese | |
| Black River | Sông Đà | ||
| Faifo[32] | Hội An | Obsolete | |
| Fansipan | Phan Xi Păng | ||
| Ha Long Bay | Vịnh Hạ Long | ||
| Ho Chi Minh City | Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh | ||
| Marble Mountains | Ngũ Hành Sơn | Vietnamese name means "Five Elements Mountains" | |
| Mekong River | Sông Mê Kông / Sông Cửu Long | ||
| Perfume River | Sông Hương | Vietnamese name means "Fragrant River" | |
| Red River | Sông Hồng | ||
| West Lake | Hồ Tây | ||
Yemen
| English name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | ||
| Socotra | Suquṭrā (سُقُطْرَىٰ) | Standard Arabic | |
| Saqatri (ساقطري) | Soqotri | ||
See also
- List of European exonyms
- List of European regions with alternative names
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- List of English exonyms for German toponyms—some no longer current
- List of renamed Indian public places—some without current acceptance
References
- ↑ Peeter Päll, Estonia, "Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?" UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Working Group on Romanization Systems (2002)
- ↑ Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman - 2007- Page 16 "2.2.11 This brings us on to the question of romanization. Does the application of a romanization system turn an endonym into an exonym? In his GeoNames 2000 paper Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?, Peeter Päll argued convincingly.."
- ↑ M. B. Hooker Laws of South-East Asia: The pre-modern texts 1986 - Page 23 "Place names such as Rangoon, Mandalay, Pegu and Moulmein have been left in the English form which is familiar to the non-Burmese reader. Personal names also have been left in the old romanization which seems to be familiar to.."
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- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Utrata Fachwörterbuch: Geographie - Englisch-Deutsch/Deutsch-Englisch by Jürgen Utrata (2014). Retrieved 10 Apr 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f Worsch, Wolfgang (2004). Langenscheidt Muret-Sanders Großwörterbuch, Teil II, Deutsch-Englisch , Langenscheidt KG, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Zurich, New York, pp. 1269-1272. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Willemyns, Roland. Dutch: Biography of a Language. Oxford University Press. 2013.
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- ↑ Webb, Adrian. The Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919. 2008.
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- ↑ Dorit Diskin Ravid Spelling Morphology 2012- Page 10 "For example, in the Hebraist tradition, current v would be transcribed as either w or b following Hebrew graphemes – so that official place names on road signs in Israel can be quite misleading to non-Hebrew readers traveling around Israel."
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- ↑ Robert D. Kaplan. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History. 1993. (Picador, 2014.) p. 119. Template:ISBN
- ↑ Bewes, Diccon. Swiss Watching: Inside the Land of Milk and Honey. p.vii. 2012.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names: Approaches towards the Resolution of an Apparent Contradiction Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman, Vienna 2007 Page 210 [lists Istanbul, as an English exonym of İstanbul. Istanbul appears to be the only English exonym listed for any Turkish city].
- ↑ Lonely Planet Turkey ed. Verity Campbell 2007 Page 233 "There are also flights between İzmir and Europe on various European airlines (see p672). With the launch of İzmir Airlines, direct flights to Europe will greatly increase, and İzmir is billed to become one of Turkey's biggest hubs." and Page 291 "Original İznik tiles are antiquities and cannot be exported from Turkey, but new tiles make great, if not particularly cheap, souvenirs."
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- ↑ Jean-Pierre Duteil Alexandre de Rhodes' Histoire du royaume du Tonkin 1999 Page 37 "Tourane se développe aux dépends de Faifo à la fin du XVIfle siècle, et l'éclipsé à peu près complètement au XTXe. "Faifo" doit son nom au "marché" (phô) de Hôi an (Hôi-an phô). "Tourane" correspondrait à la pronunciation chinoise de .."