Kalimantan
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Kalimantan (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo.[1] It constitutes 73% of the island's area, and consists of the provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. In Indonesia the whole island of Borneo is also called "Kalimantan".[1]
In 2019, President of Indonesia Joko Widodo proposed that Indonesia's capital be moved to Kalimantan. The People's Consultative Assembly approved the Law on State Capital in January 2022.[2] The future capital, Nusantara, is a planned city that will be carved out of East Kalimantan. A government official said construction is expected to be fully complete by 2045,[3] but the unfinished capital officially celebrated Indonesian Independence Day for the first time and it was scheduled to be inaugurated as the capital city on 17 August 2024,[4] but the move did not take place due to delays of construction.[5]
Etymology
The name Kalimantan is derived from the Sanskrit word Script error: No such module "Lang"., which means "burning weather island" or "very hot island", referring to its hot and humid tropical climate. It consists of the two words Script error: No such module "Lang". ("time, season, period") and Script error: No such module "Lang". ("boiling, churning, burning").[6]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Better source needed The native people of the Indonesian Borneo referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantan or "Kalimantan" when the sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with them.[7][8] Due to Europeans encountering the Bruneian Sultanate in the north part of the island during the Age of Exploration, the entire island has come to be called Borneo in English, with Kalimantan being known as Indonesian Borneo, but this name is not used in Indonesia itself.
In the early twentieth century, the British colonist Charles Hose described Kalimantan as being home to a "Klemantan people", but this term is no longer in use as Kalimantan has always had many ethnic groups.
Area
The Indonesian territory makes up 73% of the island by area, and 72.1% of its 2020 population of 23,053,723 (the population was 13,772,543 at the 2010 Census of Indonesia, and 16,625,796 at the 2020 Census).[9] The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are of Brunei (460,345 in 2020[10]) and East Malaysia (5,967,582 in 2020), the latter comprising the states of Sabah (3,418,785) and Sarawak (2,453,677), and the federal territory of Labuan (95,120).
Kalimantan's total area is Script error: No such module "convert"..[11]
The widespread deforestation and other environmental destruction in Kalimantan and other parts of Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide.[12][13][14]
Administrative divisions
Kalimantan is now divided into five provinces. It was administered as one province between 1945 and 1956, but in 1956 it was split into three provinces – East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan; then in 1957, the province of Central Kalimantan was created when it was split away from the existing South Kalimantan. There remained four provinces until 25 October 2012, when North Kalimantan was split off from East Kalimantan. These are listed below with their areas in km2 and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.
| Province | Area (km2) | Pop'n (2010 Census)[15] |
Pop'n (2015 Interim Census) |
Pop'n (2020 Census)[9] |
Pop'n mid-2023 estimate |
Density per km2 (2023) |
Provin- cial capital |
Largest metropolitan area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
West Kalimantan |
147,037.04 | 4,395,983 | 4,783,209 | 5,396,821 | 5,623,328 | 38.2 | Pontianak | |
Central Kalimantan |
153,443.90 | 2,202,599 | 2,490,178 | 2,669,969 | 2,773,747 | 18.1 | Palangkaraya | |
South Kalimantan |
37,135.05 | 3,626,119 | 3,984,315 | 4,062,584 | 4,222,330 | 113.7 | Banjarbaru | Banjarmasin |
East Kalimantan |
126,981.28 | 3,550,586 | 3,422,676* | 3,766,039 | 3,909,740 | 30.8 | Samarinda | |
North Kalimantan |
70,101.00 | 524,526 | 639,639 | 701,814 | 730,010 | 10.4 | Tanjung Selor | Tarakan |
| Total | 534,698.27 | 14,299,813 | 15,320,017 | 16,597,227 | 17,259,155 | 32.3 | – | Banjarmasin |
* excluding North Kalimantan, split off from East Kalimantan with resulting population and area loss for the 2015 census.
Demographics
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Ethnic groups
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Number of the largest population of ethnic groups according to the 2010 census:
| Ethnicity | West Kalimantan | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan | North and East Kalimantan | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banjarese | 14,430Script error: No such module "string". (0.33%) | 464,260Script error: No such module "string". (21.28%) | 2,686,627Script error: No such module "string". (74.84%) | 440,453Script error: No such module "string". (12.45%) | 3,605,770Script error: No such module "string". (26.31%) |
| Dayak | 1,531,989Script error: No such module "string". (34.93%) | 1,029,182Script error: No such module "string". (46.62%) | 80,708Script error: No such module "string". (2.23%) | 351,437Script error: No such module "string". (9.94%) | 2,993,316Script error: No such module "string". (21.78%) |
| Javanese | 427,238Script error: No such module "string". (9.74%) | 478,393Script error: No such module "string". (21.67%) | 523,276Script error: No such module "string". (14.51%) | 1,069,605Script error: No such module "string". (30.24%) | 2,498,512Script error: No such module "string". (18.18%) |
| Malay | 1,484,085Script error: No such module "string". (33.84%) | 87,348Script error: No such module "string". (3.96%) | 3,681Script error: No such module "string". (0.10%) | 6,053Script error: No such module "string". (0.17%) | 1,581,167Script error: No such module "string". (11.51%) |
| Buginese | 137,282Script error: No such module "string". (3.13%) | 17,104Script error: No such module "string". (0.77%) | 101,727Script error: No such module "string". (2.81%) | 735,819Script error: No such module "string". (20.81%) | 991,932Script error: No such module "string". (7.22%) |
| Madurese | 274,869Script error: No such module "string". (6.27%) | 42,668Script error: No such module "string". (1.93%) | 53,002Script error: No such module "string". (1.47%) | 46,823Script error: No such module "string". (1.32%) | 417,362Script error: No such module "string". (3.04%) |
| Chinese | 358,451Script error: No such module "string". (8.17%) | 5,130Script error: No such module "string". (0.23%) | 13,000Script error: No such module "string". (0.36%) | 32,757Script error: No such module "string". (0.93%) | 409,338Script error: No such module "string". (2.98%) |
| Kutai | None | None | None | 275,696Script error: No such module "string". (7.80%) | 275,696Script error: No such module "string". (2.01%) |
| Sundanese | 49,530Script error: No such module "string". (1.13%) | 28,580Script error: No such module "string". (1.29%) | 24,592Script error: No such module "string". (0.68%) | 55,659Script error: No such module "string". (1.57%) | 158,361Script error: No such module "string". (1.15%) |
| Batak | 26,486Script error: No such module "string". (0.60%) | 12,324Script error: No such module "string". (0.56%) | 12,408Script error: No such module "string". (0.34%) | 37,145Script error: No such module "string". (1.05%) | 88,363Script error: No such module "string". (0.64%) |
| Others | 80,996Script error: No such module "string". (1.85%) | 42,378Script error: No such module "string". (1.92%) | 114,971Script error: No such module "string". (3.18%) | 485,056Script error: No such module "string". (13.72%) | 723,401Script error: No such module "string". (5.26%) |
| Total | 4,385,356Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 2,207,367Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 3,613,992Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 3,536,503Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 13,743,218Script error: No such module "string". (100%) |
Religion
Number of the largest population of religious groups according to the 2010 census:
| Religion | West Kalimantan | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan | North Kalimantan | East Kalimantan | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islam | 2,603,318Script error: No such module "string". (59.22%) | 1,643,715Script error: No such module "string". (74.31%) | 3,505,846Script error: No such module "string". (96.67%) | 378,478Script error: No such module "string". (72.14%) | 2,655,227Script error: No such module "string". (87.68%) | 10,786,584Script error: No such module "string". (78.23%) |
| Protestantism | 500,254Script error: No such module "string". (11.38%) | 353,353Script error: No such module "string". (15.97%) | 47,974Script error: No such module "string". (1.32%) | 109,358Script error: No such module "string". (20.84%) | 228,022Script error: No such module "string". (7.53%) | 1,238,961Script error: No such module "string". (8.99%) |
| Roman Catholic | 1,008,368Script error: No such module "string". (22.94%) | 58,279Script error: No such module "string". (2.63%) | 16,045Script error: No such module "string". (0.44%) | 29,366Script error: No such module "string". (5.60%) | 109,263Script error: No such module "string". (3.61%) | 1,221,321Script error: No such module "string". (8.86%) |
| Hinduism | 2,708Script error: No such module "string". (0.06%) | 11,149 Script error: No such module "string". (0.50%) | 16,064Script error: No such module "string". (0.44%) | 288Script error: No such module "string". (0.05%) | 7,369Script error: No such module "string". (0.24%) | 37,578Script error: No such module "string". (0.27%) |
| Buddhism | 237,741Script error: No such module "string". (5.41%) | 2,301Script error: No such module "string". (0.10%) | 11,675Script error: No such module "string". (0.32%) | 3,879Script error: No such module "string". (0.74%) | 12,477Script error: No such module "string". (0.41%) | 268,073Script error: No such module "string". (1.94%) |
| Confucianism | 29,737Script error: No such module "string". (0.68%) | 414Script error: No such module "string". (0.02%) | 236Script error: No such module "string". (0.01%) | 175Script error: No such module "string". (0.03%) | 905Script error: No such module "string". (0.03%) | 31,467Script error: No such module "string". (0.23%) |
| Other religions | 2,907Script error: No such module "string". (0.07%) | 138,419Script error: No such module "string". (6.26%) | 16,465 Script error: No such module "string". (0.45%) | 25Script error: No such module "string". (0.00%) | 824 Script error: No such module "string". (0.03%) | 158,640Script error: No such module "string". (1.35%) |
| Not Stated | 671 Script error: No such module "string". (0.01%) | 220 Script error: No such module "string". (0.01%) | 3 Script error: No such module "string". (0.00%) | 454Script error: No such module "string". (0.09%) | 1,497 Script error: No such module "string". (0.05%) | 2,845Script error: No such module "string". (0.02%) |
| Not Asked | 10,279 Script error: No such module "string". (0.23%) | 4,239 Script error: No such module "string". (0.19%) | 12,308 Script error: No such module "string". (0.34%) | 2,633Script error: No such module "string". (0.50%) | 12,903Script error: No such module "string". (0.43%) | 42,362Script error: No such module "string". (0.31%) |
| Total | 4,395,983Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 2,212,089Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 3,626,616 Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 524,656Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 3,028,487Script error: No such module "string". (100%) | 13,787,831Script error: No such module "string". (100%) |
Number of the largest population of religious groups in 2023:
| Religions | Total |
|---|---|
| Islam | 13,566,483 |
| Protestant | 1,608,857 |
| Roman Catholic | 1,573,067 |
| Buddhism | 335,722 |
| Hinduism | 187,035 |
| Confucianism | 17,376 |
| Aliran Kepercayaan | 11,151 |
| Overall | 17,299,691 |
See also
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References
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- ↑ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
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- ↑ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
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External links
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