IPA Extensions

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Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "For". Script error: No such module "For". Template:Infobox Unicode block

IPA Extensions is a block (U+0250–U+02AF) of the Unicode standard that contains full size letters used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Both modern and historical characters are included, as well as former and proposed IPA signs and non-IPA phonetic letters. Additional characters employed for phonetics, like the palatalization sign, are encoded in the blocks Phonetic Extensions (1D00–1D7F) and Phonetic Extensions Supplement (1D80–1DBF). Diacritics are found in the Spacing Modifier Letters (02B0–02FF) and Combining Diacritical Marks (0300–036F) blocks. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Standard Phonetic.[1]

With the ability to use Unicode for the presentation of IPA symbols, ASCII-based systems such as X-SAMPA are being supplanted.[2] Within the Unicode blocks there are also a few former IPA characters no longer in international use by linguists.

Character table

Code Glyph HTML Unicode name IPA phonetic description / Status IPA No.
IPA letters
U+0250
ɐ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɐ Latin Small Letter Turned A Near-open central vowel 324
U+0251
ɑ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɑ Latin Small Letter Alpha Open back unrounded vowel 305
U+0252
ɒ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɒ Latin Small Letter Turned Alpha Open back rounded vowel 313
U+0253
ɓ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɓ Latin Small Letter B with Hook Voiced bilabial implosive 160
U+0254
ɔ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɔ Latin Small Letter Open O Open-mid back rounded vowel 306
U+0255
ɕ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɕ Latin Small Letter C with Curl Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative 182
U+0256
ɖ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɖ Latin Small Letter D with Tail Voiced retroflex plosive 106
U+0257
ɗ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɗ Latin Small Letter D with Hook Voiced alveolar implosive 162
U+0258
ɘ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɘ Latin Small Letter Reversed E Close-mid central unrounded vowel 397
U+0259
ə
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ə Latin Small Letter Schwa Mid central vowel 322
U+025A
ɚ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɚ Latin Small Letter Schwa with Hook Rhotacized mid central vowel 327
U+025B
ɛ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɛ Latin Small Letter Open E Open-mid front unrounded vowel 303
U+025C
ɜ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɜ Latin Small Letter Reversed Open E Open-mid central unrounded vowel 326
U+025D
ɝ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɝ Latin Small Letter Reversed Open E with Hook Rhotacized open-mid central unrounded vowel
U+025E
ɞ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɞ Latin Small Letter Closed Reversed Open E Open-mid central rounded vowel 395
U+025F
ɟ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɟ Latin Small Letter Dotless J with Stroke Voiced palatal plosive 108
U+0260
ɠ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɠ Latin Small Letter G with Hook Voiced velar implosive 166
U+0261
ɡ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɡ Latin Small Letter Script G Voiced velar plosive 110
U+0262
ɢ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɢ Latin Letter Small Capital G Voiced uvular plosive 112
U+0263
ɣ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɣ Latin Small Letter Gamma Voiced velar fricative 141
U+0264
ɤ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɤ Latin Small Letter Rams Horn Close-mid back unrounded vowel 315
U+0265
ɥ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɥ Latin Small Letter Turned H Labial-palatal approximant 171
U+0266
ɦ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɦ Latin Small Letter H with Hook Voiced glottal fricative 147
U+0267
ɧ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɧ Latin Small Letter Heng with Hook Swedish sj-sound. Similar to: voiceless postalveolar fricative, voiceless velar fricative 175
U+0268
ɨ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɨ Latin Small Letter I with Stroke Close central unrounded vowel 317
U+0269
ɩ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɩ Latin Small Letter Iota Pre-1989 form of "ɪ" (obsolete) 399
U+026A
ɪ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɪ Latin Letter Small Capital I Near-close near-front unrounded vowel 319
U+026B
ɫ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɫ Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde Velar/pharyngeal alveolar lateral approximant 209
U+026C
ɬ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɬ Latin Small Letter L with Belt Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 148
U+026D
ɭ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɭ Latin Small Letter L with Retroflex Hook Retroflex lateral approximant 156
U+026E
ɮ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɮ Latin Small Letter Lezh Voiced alveolar lateral fricative 149
U+026F
ɯ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɯ Latin Small Letter Turned M Close back unrounded vowel 316
U+0270
ɰ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɰ Latin Small Letter Turned M with Long Leg Velar approximant 154
U+0271
ɱ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɱ Latin Small Letter M with Hook Labiodental nasal 115
U+0272
ɲ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɲ Latin Small Letter N with Left Hook Palatal nasal 118
U+0273
ɳ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɳ Latin Small Letter N with Retroflex Hook Retroflex nasal 117
U+0274
ɴ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɴ Latin Letter Small Capital N Uvular nasal 120
U+0275
ɵ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɵ Latin Small Letter Barred O Close-mid central rounded vowel 323
U+0276
ɶ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɶ Latin Letter Small Capital OE Open front rounded vowel 312
U+0277
ɷ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɷ Latin Small Letter Closed Omega Pre-1989 form of "ʊ" (obsolete) 398
U+0278
ɸ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɸ Latin Small Letter Phi Voiceless bilabial fricative 126
U+0279
ɹ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɹ Latin Small Letter Turned R Alveolar approximant 151
U+027A
ɺ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɺ Latin Small Letter Turned R with Long Leg Alveolar lateral flap 181
U+027B
ɻ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɻ Latin Small Letter Turned R with Hook Retroflex approximant 152
U+027C
ɼ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɼ Latin Small Letter R with Long Leg Alveolar trill 206
U+027D
ɽ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɽ Latin Small Letter R with Tail Retroflex flap 125
U+027E
ɾ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɾ Latin Small Letter R with Fishhook Alveolar tap 124
U+027F
ɿ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ɿ Latin Small Letter Reversed R with Fishhook Syllabic voiced alveolar fricative (Sinologist usage)
U+0280
ʀ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʀ Latin Letter Small Capital R Uvular trill 123
U+0281
ʁ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʁ Latin Letter Small Capital Inverted R Voiced uvular fricative 143
U+0282
ʂ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʂ Latin Small Letter S with Hook Voiceless retroflex fricative 136
U+0283
ʃ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʃ Latin Small Letter Esh Voiceless postalveolar fricative 134
U+0284
ʄ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʄ Latin Small Letter Dotless J with Stroke and Hook Voiced palatal implosive 164
U+0285
ʅ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʅ Latin Small Letter Squat Reversed Esh Syllabic voiced retroflex fricative (Sinologist usage)
U+0286
ʆ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʆ Latin Small Letter Esh with Curl Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative (obsolete) 204
U+0287
ʇ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʇ Latin Small Letter Turned T Dental click (obsolete) 201
U+0288
ʈ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʈ Latin Small Letter T with Retroflex Hook Voiceless retroflex plosive 105
U+0289
ʉ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʉ Latin Small Letter U Bar Close central rounded vowel 318
U+028A
ʊ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʊ Latin Small Letter Upsilon Near-close near-back rounded vowel 321
U+028B
ʋ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʋ Latin Small Letter V with Hook Labiodental approximant 150
U+028C
ʌ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʌ Latin Small Letter Turned V Open-mid back unrounded vowel 314
U+028D
ʍ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʍ Latin Small Letter Turned W Voiceless labiovelar approximant 169
U+028E
ʎ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʎ Latin Small Letter Turned Y Palatal lateral approximant 157
U+028F
ʏ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʏ Latin Letter Small Capital Y Near-close near-front rounded vowel 320
U+0290
ʐ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʐ Latin Small Letter Z with Retroflex Hook Voiced retroflex fricative 137
U+0291
ʑ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʑ Latin Small Letter Z with Curl Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative 183
U+0292
ʒ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʒ Latin Small Letter Ezh Voiced postalveolar fricative 135
U+0293
ʓ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʓ Latin Small Letter Ezh with Curl Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative (obsolete) 205
U+0294
ʔ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʔ Latin Letter Glottal Stop Glottal stop 113
U+0295
ʕ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʕ Latin Letter Pharyngeal Voiced Fricative Voiced pharyngeal fricative 145
U+0296
ʖ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʖ Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop Alveolar lateral click (obsolete) 203
U+0297
ʗ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʗ Latin Letter Stretched C Postalveolar click (obsolete) 202
U+0298
ʘ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʘ Latin Letter Bilabial Click Bilabial click 176
U+0299
ʙ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʙ Latin Letter Small Capital B Bilabial trill 121
U+029A
ʚ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʚ Latin Small Letter Closed Open E Open-mid central rounded vowel 396
U+029B
ʛ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʛ Latin Letter Small Capital G with Hook Voiced uvular implosive 168
U+029C
ʜ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʜ Latin Letter Small Capital H Voiceless epiglottal fricative 172
U+029D
ʝ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʝ Latin Small Letter J with Crossed Tail Voiced palatal fricative 139
U+029E
ʞ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʞ Latin Small Letter Turned K Velar click (obsolete) 291
U+029F
ʟ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʟ Latin Letter Small Capital L Velar lateral approximant 158
U+02A0
ʠ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʠ Latin Small Letter Q with Hook "Voiceless" uvular implosive (obsolete) 167
U+02A1
ʡ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʡ Latin Letter Glottal Stop with Stroke Epiglottal plosive 173
U+02A2
ʢ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʢ Latin Letter Reversed Glottal Stop with Stroke Voiced epiglottal fricative 174
U+02A3
ʣ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʣ Latin Small Letter DZ Digraph Voiced alveolar affricate (obsolete) 212
U+02A4
ʤ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʤ Latin Small Letter Dezh Digraph Voiced postalveolar affricate (obsolete) 214
U+02A5
ʥ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʥ Latin Small Letter DZ Digraph with Curl Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (obsolete) 216
U+02A6
ʦ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʦ Latin Small Letter TS Digraph Voiceless alveolar affricate (obsolete) 211
U+02A7
ʧ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʧ Latin Small Letter Tesh Digraph Voiceless postalveolar affricate (obsolete) 213
U+02A8
ʨ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʨ Latin Small Letter TC Digraph with Curl Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate (obsolete) 215
IPA characters for disordered speech
U+02A9
ʩ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʩ Latin Small Letter Feng Digraph Velopharyngeal fricative 602
U+02AA
ʪ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʪ Latin Small Letter LS Digraph Voiceless grooved lateral alveolar fricative 603
U+02AB
ʫ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʫ Latin Small Letter LZ Digraph Voiced grooved lateral alveolar fricative 604
U+02AC
ʬ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʬ Latin Letter Bilabial Percussive Bilabial percussive
U+02AD
ʭ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʭ Latin Letter Bidental Percussive Bidental percussive 601
Additions for Sinology
U+02AE
ʮ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʮ Latin Small Letter Turned H with Fishhook Syllabic labialized voiced alveolar fricative (Sinologist usage)
U+02AF
ʯ
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		ʯ Latin Small Letter Turned H with Fishhook and Tail Syllabic labialized voiced retroflex fricative (Sinologist usage)

Subheadings

The IPA Extensions block contains only three subheadings, each associated with a set of characters encoded in a different version of Unicode, IPA extensions, IPA characters for disordered speech, and Additions for Sinology.[3]

IPA extensions

The IPA extensions are the first 89 characters of the IPA Extensions block, which includes Latin character variants and Greek borrowings that are regularly used only in IPA contexts.[3] The characters of the IPA extensions subheading were part of the original Unicode 1.0.

IPA characters for disordered speech

The extIPA characters for disordered speech are additions to the IPA for phonemes that do not occur in natural languages, but are needed for recording pre-linguistic utterances by babies, gibberish from otherwise lingual individuals, and other non-linguistic but phonetic utterances.[3] The IPA characters for disordered speech were added to the IPA Extensions block in Unicode version 3.0.

Additions for Sinology

The Additions for Sinology are two additional symbols for phonemic transcription of the languages of China.[3] The Additions for Sinology were added to the IPA Extensions block in Unicode version 4.0.

Compact table

IPA Extensions<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[1]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+025x ɐ ɑ ɒ ɓ ɔ ɕ ɖ ɗ ɘ ə ɚ ɛ ɜ ɝ ɞ ɟ
U+026x ɠ ɡ ɢ ɣ ɤ ɥ ɦ ɧ ɨ ɩ ɪ ɫ ɬ ɭ ɮ ɯ
U+027x ɰ ɱ ɲ ɳ ɴ ɵ ɶ ɷ ɸ ɹ ɺ ɻ ɼ ɽ ɾ ɿ
U+028x ʀ ʁ ʂ ʃ ʄ ʅ ʆ ʇ ʈ ʉ ʊ ʋ ʌ ʍ ʎ ʏ
U+029x ʐ ʑ ʒ ʓ ʔ ʕ ʖ ʗ ʘ ʙ ʚ ʛ ʜ ʝ ʞ ʟ
U+02Ax ʠ ʡ ʢ ʣ ʤ ʥ ʦ ʧ ʨ ʩ ʪ ʫ ʬ ʭ ʮ ʯ
Notes
1.<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ Template:Unicode version

History

The IPA Extensions block has been present in Unicode since version 1.0, and was unchanged through the unification with ISO 10646. The block was filled out with extensions for representing disordered speech in version 3.0, and Sinological phonetic symbols in version 4.0.[4]

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the IPA Extensions block:

Template:Sticky header

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:Unicode navigation

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