Voiceless epiglottal fricative
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A voiceless epiglottal fricative, or voiceless pharyngeal trill,[1] is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a small capital version of the Latin letter h. The glyph is homoglyphic with the lowercase Cyrillic letter En (н).
Although the official name in the IPA for this sound has always been a voiceless epiglottal fricative since it was introduced in 1989, laryngoscopic studies by John Esling have found that both epiglottal and pharyngeal consonants are pharyngeal in place of articulation, and are affected in manner by the aryepiglottic folds and larynx height; he therefore proposed the reclassification of Template:Angbr IPA as the trilled counterpart of Template:IPAalink, noting both as fricatives,[2] and later described realizations of Template:Angbr IPA ranging from a fricative, to a trill, to a fricative trill.[3] Esling furthered this reclassification with a modified version of the IPA chart, merging pharyngeal and epiglottal consonants into a single column, placing Template:Angbr IPA as a trill and Template:Angbr IPA as a fricative.[1]
In Dahalo, Template:Angbr IPA is reported to have partial voicing intervocalically, resulting in the consonant appearing as a partially voiced epiglottal approximant, which can be transcribed with the extIPA symbol for partial voicing as Template:Angbr IPA. This is distinguished from a fully voiced epiglottal approximant in having a less dramatic effect on the fundamental frequency (F0).[4]
Features
Features of a voiceless epiglottal fricative:
Template:Fricative Template:Epiglottal Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Median articulation Template:Pulmonic
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agul[5] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'whey' | ||
| Amis[6] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'spouse' | The epiglottal consonants in Amis have proven hard to describe, with some describing it not as epiglottal, but a pharyngeal fricative or even as a uvular consonant. See Amis phonology | |
| Arabic[7] | Iraqi[8] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | [ʜaj] | 'alive' | Corresponds to Script error: No such module "IPA". Template:Angbr in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology |
| Bengali | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'straw' | Mainly realized as such in very eastern regions; often also debuccalized or phonetically realised as Script error: No such module "IPA".. Corresponds to Script error: No such module "IPA". in western and central dialects. See Bengali phonology | |
| Chechen | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'you' | ||
| Dahalo | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'arrow' | |||
| Haida | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'shadow' | ||
| Somali[9] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'bubble' | Realization of /ħ/ for some speakers.[9] See Somali phonology | |
See also
Notes
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- ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
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- ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
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- ↑ a b Template:Cite thesis
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References
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