List of official languages by country and territory

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates This is a list of official languages by country and territory. It includes all languages that have official language status either statewide or in a part of the state.

List

Template:Compact TOC Template:Table alignment

Country/Region Number of
official
(including
de facto) 		Official language(s) Language family Region
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 2 Europe
Template:FlagLangs[1][2][3] 2 Indo-European Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs[4] 1 Albanian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs[5] 2 Afroasiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Catalan[6] Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs[7] 1 Portuguese Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (English has de facto status) Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 2 None at federal level (Spanish has de facto status)

Argentine Sign Language [8]

Indo-European South America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Armenian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (English has de facto status) Indo-European Oceania (Landmass)
Template:FlagLangs[9][10] 1

German

Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Azerbaijani Turkic Europe
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs 1 Bengali Indo-European Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Caribbean (North Atlantic)
Template:FlagLangs 2 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 3
  • Dutch
  • French
  • German
 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 1 French Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Dzongkha Sino-Tibetan East Asia
Template:FlagLangs[11] 37 South America
Template:FlagLangs 3 None (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian all have de facto status)[12] Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1

PortugueseTemplate:Efn

Indo-European South America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Malay Austronesian East Asia (Islands)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Bulgarian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 4 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs[13][14] 3 Sub-Saharan Africa
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Khmer Austroasiatic East Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • English
  • French
 Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 2 Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 2 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Arabic
  • French
 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European Sourh America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Standard Chinese Sino-Tibetan East Asia
File:Flag of Christmas Island.svg Christmas Island 3 East Asia (Islands)
File:Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.svg Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2 East Asia (Islands)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European South America
Template:FlagLangs 3 Sub-Saharan Africa
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 French Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 French Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands 2 Oceania (Polynesia)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Croatian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 2 Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Danish Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Arabic
  • French
 North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European Caribbean
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2 East Asia (Islands)
Template:FlagLangs[17] 1
  • Spanish
 Indo-European South America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 3
  • French
  • Portuguese
  • Spanish
 Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Tigrinya Afroasiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Estonian Uralic Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 5 Afroasiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 3 Oceania
Template:FlagLangs 2 Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 French[18] Indo-European Europe
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 French Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Georgian Kartvelian Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 German[19] Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Greek Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 1 French Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European South America
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2 Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Cantonese
  • English
 East Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 Hungarian[20] Uralic Europe
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2 Indo-European Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 Indonesian Austronesian East Asia (Islands)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Persian Indo-European Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2 Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs[23] 2 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Hebrew Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs 1 Italian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 French Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (Japanese has de facto status) Japonic East Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2 Central Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 2 Oceania (Micronesia)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Korean Koreanic East Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2 Koreanic East Asia
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 2
  • Albanian
  • Serbian
 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs 2 Central Asia
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Lao Kra–Dai East Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 Latvian[24][25] Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs 2 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 German Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Lithuanian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 3 Indo-European Europe
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Cantonese
  • Portuguese
 East Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2 Indian Ocean
Template:FlagLangs 1
  • English
 Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 MalayTemplate:Efn Austronesian East Asia (Islands)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Dhivehi Indo-European Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs 13 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 2 Europe
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 1 Italian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2 Oceania (Micronesia)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 2 None (English has de jure status and French has de facto status) Indo-European Indian Ocean
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (Spanish has de facto status) Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Oceania (Micronesia)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Romanian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs[26] 1 French Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Mongolian Mongolic Central Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 Montenegrin Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2 Afroasiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs (Burma) 1 Burmese Sino-Tibetan East Asia
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs[27] 1 English Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 2 Oceania (Micronesia)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Nepali[28] Indo-European Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 Dutch Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 3 Oceania (Polynesia)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Hausa Afroasiatic Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
File:Flag of Niue.svg Niue 2 Oceania (Polynesia)
Template:FlagLangs 2 Oceania (Polynesia)
Template:FlagLangs 2 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 1 Turkish Turkic Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2 Europe
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2 Indo-European Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2 Oceania
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 4 Oceania (Landmass)
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Spanish
  • Guaraní
 South America
Template:FlagLangs 1 (3) Spanish

(Quechua) (Aymara)

South America
Template:FlagLangs 2 East Asia (Islands)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Polish Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese Indo-European Europe
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Romanian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Russian Indo-European Central Asia
Template:FlagLangs 4 Sub-Saharan Africa
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 2
  • Arabic
  • Spanish
 North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 2 Oceania (Polynesia)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Italian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Portuguese Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs 1 French Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Serbian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 3 Indo-European Indian Ocean
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 4 East Asia (Islands)
Template:FlagLangs 1 Slovak Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Slovene Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1
  • English
 Indo-European Oceania
Template:FlagLangs 2 Afroasiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 3
  • Arabic
  • Somali
  • English
 North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 12 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 2 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Spanish Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 2 Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Arabic
  • English
 North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Dutch Indo-European South America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Swedish Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 4 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 None (Mandarin Chinese has de facto status) Sino-Tibetan East Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 Tajik Indo-European Southern Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Swahili
  • English
 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Thai Kra–Dai East Asia
Template:FlagLangs 1 French Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
File:Flag of Tokelau.svg Tokelau 2 Oceania (Polynesia)
Template:FlagLangs 2 Oceania (Polynesia)
Template:FlagLangsTemplate:Efn 3
  • Moldovan
  • Russian
  • Ukrainian
 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Caribbean
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Turkish Turkic Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Turkmen Turkic Central Asia
Template:FlagLangs 2 Oceania (Polynesia)
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 2 Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 1 Ukrainian Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Template:FlagLangs and Crown dependencies etc. 1 None (English has de facto status) Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1 None (English has de facto status) Template:Efn Indo-European North America
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Uruguayan Sign Language (Spanish has de facto status)
 Indo-European South America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Uzbek Turkic Central Asia
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 3 Indo-European Oceania
Template:FlagLangs 2
  • Italian
  • Latin
 Indo-European Europe
Template:FlagLangs 1
  • Spanish
 South America
Template:FlagLangs 1 Vietnamese Austroasiatic East Asia
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 Arabic Afroasiatic Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:FlagLangs 1 English Indo-European Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:FlagLangs 16 Sub-Saharan Africa

List of languages by number of countries in which they are the official language

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official, although there are no precise inclusion criteria or definition of a language. An '*' (asterisk) indicates a country whose independence is disputed.

Partially recognized or de facto independent countries are denoted by an asterisk (*)

Language World Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Countries
English 57 22 14 4 3 14 United States,Template:Efn United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India, Nigeria (See the full list)[35]
French 26 18 2 – 5 1 France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, Madagascar, Monaco, Haiti, Vanuatu (See the full list)[36]
Arabic 24–26* 12–14* – 12 – – Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Iraq, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Palestine (See the full list)
Spanish 20 1 18 – 1 Spain, Colombia, Argentina, Mexico (See the full list)[37]
Portuguese 9 6 1 1 1 – Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, East Timor (See the full list)
German 6 – – – 6 – Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein (See the full list)
Russian 4–7* – – 2 2–5* – Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Abkhazia,* South Ossetia,* Transnistria* (See the full list)
Serbo-Croatian 4–5* – – – 4–5* – Serbia (known as Serbian), Croatia (known as Croatian), Montenegro (known as Montenegrin), Bosnia and Herzegovina (known as Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian), Kosovo* (known as Serbian)
Italian 4 – – – 4 – Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City
Malay 4 – – 4 – – Malaysia, Indonesia (known as Indonesian), Singapore, Brunei
Swahili 4 4 – – – – Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
Berber 3 3 – – – – Algeria, Morocco, Mali
Dutch 3 – 1 – 2 – Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname
Persian 3 – – 3 – – Iran, Afghanistan (known as Dari), Tajikistan (known as Tajik)
Sotho 3 3 – – – – South Africa, Lesotho, Zimbabwe
Tswana 3 3 – – – – Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Albanian 2–3* – – – 2–3* – Albania, Kosovo,* North Macedonia
Standard Chinese 2–3* – – 2–3* – – China, Singapore, Taiwan*
Romanian 2–3* – – – 2-3* – Romania, Moldova, Transnistria*
Somali 2–3* 2–3* – – – – Somalia, Ethiopia, Somaliland*
Turkish 2–3* – – – 2–3* – Turkey, Northern Cyprus,* Cyprus
Bengali 2 – – 2 – – Bangladesh and India
Fula 2 2 – – – – Mali and Burkina Faso
Greek 2 – – – 2 – Greece and Cyprus
Guarani 2 – 2 – – – Paraguay and Bolivia
Hindi 2 – – 2 – – India and Fiji
Korean 2 – – 2 – – North Korea and South Korea
Rwanda-Rundi 2 2 – – – – Burundi (known as Kirundi) and Rwanda (known as Kinyarwanda)
Swati 2 2 – – – – Eswatini and South Africa
Swedish 2 – – – 2 – Sweden and Finland
Tamil 2 – – 2 – – Sri Lanka and Singapore
Tigrinya 2 2 – – – – Eritrea and Ethiopia
Venda 2 2 – – – – South Africa and Zimbabwe
Aymara 2~ – 2 – – – Bolivia (and Peru)
Quechua 2~ – 2 – – – Bolivia (and Peru)
Chichewa 2~ (Actually 1) 2 – – – – (Malawi and) Zimbabwe

Notes

Template:Notelist

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Constitution of Afghanistan Template:Webarchive (Chapter 1, Article 16)
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Constitution of Albania Template:Webarchive (Article 14)
  5. ↑ Constitution of Algeria (Article 3)
  6. ↑ Constitution of Andorra (Article 2)
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Template:Cite constitution
  10. ↑ Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich (Volksgruppengesetz – VoGrG)
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Template:Cite constitution
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Constitution of Ecuador 2008 Template:Webarchive, (Article 2)
  18. ↑ Constitution of France (Article 2)
  19. ↑ Though not explicitly specified in the constitution, this is regulated in §23 Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (Administrative Procedures Act)
  20. ↑ Constitution of Hungary, Article H - http://www.kormany.hu/download/4/c3/30000/THE%20FUNDAMENTAL%20LAW%20OF%20HUNGARY.pdf
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Constitution of Iraq, Article 4(1st)
  23. ↑ Constitution of Ireland Template:Webarchive (Article 8)
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Constitution of Monaco Template:Webarchive (Article 8)
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ The Constitution of Nepal, article 7 (1)
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Article 1 (2) of the закон за употреба на јазиците (law on the use of languages), in force since 15 January 2019.
  31. ↑ "Norsk - Språkmøter" Template:Webarchive. NDLA. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Second official according to the Constitution
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

  • Languages - CIA listing of languages spoken in each country

Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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