Voiced dental and alveolar plosives
(Redirected from D (IPA))
Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Voiced alveolar and dental plosives (or stops) are a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is Template:Angbr IPA (although the symbol Template:Angbr IPA can be used to distinguish the dental plosive, and Template:Angbr IPA the postalveolar).
There are only a few languages that distinguish dental and alveolar stops, among them Kota, Toda, Venda and some Irish dialects.
Features
Features of a voiced alveolar stop:
- There are three specific variants of Script error: No such module "IPA".:
- Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
- Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Median articulation Template:Pulmonic
Occurrence
Dental
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'door' | ||||
| Arabic | Egyptian | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'world' | See Egyptian Arabic phonology | ||
| Armenian | EasternTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'face' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
| Western | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'to give' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| Bashkir | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'four' | ||||
| Basque | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'money' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| BelarusianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'travel' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Belarusian phonology | |||
| Bengali | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'milk' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Bengali phonology | |||
| CatalanTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'dragon' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Catalan phonology | |||
| DinkaTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'distinct' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts with alveolar Script error: No such module "IPA".. | |||
| Dhivehi | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'sad' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| Dutch | Belgian | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'thing' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
| English | DublinTemplate:Sfnp | then | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'then' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other dialects. In Dublin it may be Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp | See English phonology |
| Southern IrishTemplate:Sfnp | |||||||
| GeordieTemplate:Sfnp | Word-initial allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA".; may be realized as Template:IPAblink instead.Template:Sfnp | ||||||
| Indian | |||||||
| Ulster[1] | dream | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'dream' | Allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". before Script error: No such module "IPA"., in free variation with an alveolar stop. | |||
| Esperanto | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'world' | See Esperanto phonology. | |||
| FrenchTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'canopy' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See French phonology | |||
| GeorgianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tail' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Georgian phonology | |||
| HindustaniTemplate:Sfnp | Hindi | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'milk' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Hindustani contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. | Contrasts with aspirated form <ध>. | See Hindi-Urdu phonology |
| Urdu | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "Lang". | Contrasts with aspirated form <دھ>. | |||||
| Hungarian | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tax' | See Hungarian phonology | |||
| Irish | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'dark' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Irish phonology | |||
| ItalianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'to give' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Italian phonology | |||
| JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'masculine' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Japanese phonology | |||
| Kashubian[2] | Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||||
| Kazakh | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'friend' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| KyrgyzTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'friend' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| LatvianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'fever' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Latvian phonology | |||
| Marathi | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'stone' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Marathi contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Marathi phonology | |||
| Minangkabau | Padang | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'near' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
| Nepali | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'daytime' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali Phonology | |||
| Odia | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'ten' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. | |||
| Pashto | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'two' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| PolishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'home' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Polish phonology | |||
| PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp | Many dialects | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'to give' | Laminal denti-alveolar. May palatalize or lenite in certain environments, depending on dialect. See Portuguese phonology | ||
| Punjabi | Gurmukhi | ਦਾਲ/dāl | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'lentils' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
| Shahmukhi | Script error: No such module "Lang"./dāl | ||||||
| RussianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'two' | Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with a palatalized alveolar variant. See Russian phonology | |||
| Scottish Gaelic | Uist and Barra | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'following' | Allophone of Template:IPAblink after nasals. See Scottish Gaelic phonology | ||
| Serbo-CroatianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'rainbow' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |||
| Sinhala | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'day' | ||||
| SloveneTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'today' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovene phonology | |||
| SpanishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'sunken' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Spanish phonology | |||
| Telugu | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'Kindness' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. Aspirated form articulated as breathy consonant. | |||
| Turkish | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'twig' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Turkish phonology | |||
| Ukrainian[3]Template:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tree' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Ukrainian phonology | |||
| UzbekTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | [siɸætidæ] | 'as' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| Wu | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'the Tang dynasty' | ||||
| Zapotec | TilquiapanTemplate:Sfnp | dan | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'countryside' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
Alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | Script error: No such module "Lang"./daahė | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'pretty' | ||||
| Assyrian | ܘܪܕܐ Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA".] | 'flower' | Predominant in the Urmia, Jilu, Baz, Gawar and Nochiya dialects. Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other varieties. | |||
| Bengali | ডাব/ḍab | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'green coconut' | True alveolar in eastern dialects, apical post-alveolar in western dialects. Usually transcribed in IPA as [[[:Template:IPA link]]]. See Bengali phonology. | |||
| CatalanTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'said before' | Laminal alveolar. See Catalan phonology | |||
| Czech | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'into' | See Czech phonology | |||
| DutchTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'roof' | See Dutch phonology | |||
| English | Most speakers | dash | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'dash' | See English phonology | ||
| Finnish | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'bond' | See Finnish phonology | |||
| Greek | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'shame' | See Modern Greek phonology | |||
| Hebrew | Script error: No such module "Lang"./ do'ar | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'mail' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |||
| Hmong | White Hmong | Template:Script/Pahawh Hmong / Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'water' | In Green Hmong, it'll be Template:Script/Pahawh Hmong / Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||
| Hungarian | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'onto the moon' | Allophone of [d̪] before [r] or [ɾ]. See Hungarian phonology | |||
| Kabardian | Script error: No such module "Lang"./ daahė | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'pretty' | ||||
| Khmer | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'bottle' | ||||
| Korean | Script error: No such module "Lang". / adeul | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'son' | See Korean phonology | |||
| Kurdish | Northern | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tooth' | See Kurdish phonology | ||
| Central | Script error: No such module "Lang"./ dadân | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |||||
| Southern | Script error: No such module "Lang"./dîân | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |||||
| LuxembourgishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'brother' | More often voiceless Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology | |||
| Malay | Standard (incl. Malaysian) | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'branch' | See Malay phonology | ||
| IndonesianTemplate:Sfnp | |||||||
| Kelantan-Pattani | [dahɛː] | See Kelantan-Pattani Malay | |||||
| Maltese | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'wit' | ||||
| Tagalog | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'maiden' | See Tagalog phonology | |||
| Thai | Script error: No such module "Lang"./ dāw | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'star' | ||||
| Welsh | diafol | [djavɔl] | 'devil' | See Welsh phonology | |||
| West Frisian | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'village' | ||||
| Yi | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'competent' | ||||
| Yonaguni | Script error: No such module "Lang". / dunan | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'Yonaguni' | ||||
Postalveolar
Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bengali[4] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'robber' | Apical postalveolar.[4] See Bengali phonology | |
| Hindustani[5][6] | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'to put' | Apical postalveolar.[6] See Hindustani phonology | |
| Nepali | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'fear' | Apical postalveolar. See Nepali phonology | |
| Odia | Script error: No such module "Lang"./ḍaṅgā | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'boat' | Apical postalveolar. | |
Variable
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | Script error: No such module "Lang"./dīn | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'religion' | Laminal denti-alveolar or alveolar, depending on the dialect. See Arabic phonology. | |
| English | Broad South AfricanTemplate:Sfnp | dawn | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'dawn' | Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp |
| ScottishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||
| WelshTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||
| German | StandardTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'or' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology |
| Norwegian | Urban East[7] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'dance' | Partially voiced or fully voiceless Template:IPAblink. Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.[7] See Norwegian phonology |
| Persian[8] | Script error: No such module "Lang"./edāre | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'office' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar.[8] See Persian phonology | |
| SlovakTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'into' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Slovak phonology | |
| Swedish | Central Standard[9] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'day' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, with the former being predominant.[9] May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology |
See also
Notes
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References
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