Foreign relations of Georgia
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible listsGeorgia's location, nestled between the Black Sea, Russia, and Turkey, renders it strategically important. It is developing as the gateway from the Black Sea to the Caucasus and the larger Caspian region, but also serves as a buffer between Russia and Turkey. Georgia has a long and tumultuous relationship with Russia, but it is reaching out to its other neighbours and looking to the West in search of alternatives and opportunities. It signed a partnership and cooperation agreement with the European Union, participates in the Partnership for Peace, and encourages foreign investment. France, Germany, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States all have embassies in Tbilisi. Georgia in 2004-2008 sought to become a member of NATO, but did not succeed in the face of strong Russian opposition.[1]
Georgia is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the OSCE. Because of its strategic location, Georgia is in both the Russian and American spheres of influence;[2] however, Georgia's relationship with Russia is at its lowest point since 1921 due to Russo-Georgian War. As a result, Georgia broke off diplomatic relations with Russia and has left the Commonwealth of Independent States.[3][4]
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Georgia maintains diplomatic relations with:
Relations by country
Multilateral
| Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | See Georgia–European Union relations and Accession of Georgia to the European Union | |
| Template:Country data NATO | See Georgia–NATO relations |
Africa
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria | Template:Dts | See Algeria–Georgia relations |
| File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt | Template:Dts[17] | See Egypt–Georgia relations
|
| File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa | Template:Dts | See Georgia–South Africa relations
|
Americas
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil | April 1993 | See Brazil–Georgia relations
|
| File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | 23 July 1992 | See Canada–Georgia relations
|
| File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico | Template:Dts[19] | See Georgia–Mexico relations
|
| File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua[note 1] | Template:Dts[11] — Template:Dts[22] | See Georgia–Nicaragua relations
Nicaraguan-Georgian diplomatic relations established on 19 September 1994[11] and ended on 29 November 2008. The Georgian Foreign Ministry said that it had cut diplomatic ties with Nicaragua in a response to the latter's recognition of independence of breakaway South Ossetia and Abkhazia.[22] |
| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Template:Dts[23] | See Georgia–United States relations
On 9 January 2009, the U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Georgian Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze signed a Charter on Strategic Partnership, a nonbinding document outlining areas of cooperation and reiterating the U.S. support for Georgia's territorial integrity and to Georgia's NATO membership.[24] |
Asia
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia | Template:Dts[25] | See Armenia–Georgia relations
|
| File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan | Template:Dts[27] | See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
|
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | Template:Dts[28] | See China–Georgia relations
|
| Template:Country data East Timor | Template:Dts |
Georgia is represented in Timor by its embassy in Jakarta.[30] |
| File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong | See Georgia–Hong Kong relations | |
| File:Flag of India.svg India | Template:Dts[31] | See Georgia–India relations |
| File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran | Template:Dts[33] | See Persia-Georgia relations, Georgia–Iran relations
|
| File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Iraq relations |
| File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | Template:Dts[34] | See Georgia–Israel relations
|
| File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan | Template:Dts[35] | See Georgia–Japan relations
Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Japan |
| File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan | Template:Dts[36] | See Georgia–Kazakhstan relations
|
| File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait |
| |
| File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Kyrgyzstan relations
|
| File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia | Template:Dts[39] | See Georgia–Malaysia relations
|
| File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Myanmar relations |
| File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia | See Georgia–Saudi Arabia relations
| |
| File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea | Template:Dts[40] | See Georgia–South Korea relations
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Georgia began on 14 December 1992.[41]
|
| File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria | Template:Dts[45] — Template:Dts[46] | See Georgia–Syria relations
Georgia began the procedure of terminating diplomatic relations with Syria due to Damascus' recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. |
| File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan | none | Republic of China passports are not valid for entry in Georgia, while the Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared Georgia as a "non-friendly country" to Taiwan.[47] |
| File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Tajikistan relations
|
| File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | Template:Dts[49] | See Georgia–Turkey relations
|
| File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates | Template:Dts | See Georgia–United Arab Emirates relations
|
Europe
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Oceania
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia | Template:Dts[92] | See Australia–Georgia relations
|
| File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji | Template:Dts[93] | See Fiji–Georgia relations |
| File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati | Template:Dts[97] | While their ties have been limited, Kiribati's President Anote Tong met with Georgian Foreign Affairs Minister Maia Panjikidze in September 2013 on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly.[98]
Kiribati has been a steadfast supporter of Georgia's territorial integrity since then, despite Russia's attempts to lobby Pacific states like Nauru, Tuvalu and Vanuatu to recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. In 2018, Kiribati was one of the nations to vote in favor of the Georgia-sponsored UN resolutions calling for the return of internally displaced persons from Abkhazia and South Ossetia.[99] Georgia is represented in Kiribati via its embassy in Canberra, Australia.[100] |
| File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu | Template:Dts[101] —Template:Dts[102] Template:Dts[103] |
On 16 February 2012 Georgia issued a presidential order ending diplomatic relations with Tuvalu. This comes in response to a visit by the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Willy Telavi, to Abkhazia and South Ossetia in September 2011, where he announced that the Pacific nation would recognise the two states.[102] However, the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Enele Sopoaga retracted the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 31 March 2014 when Tuvalu's Foreign Minister Taukelina Finikaso signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with Georgia. Tuvalu's Foreign Minister said that his country supports Georgia's territorial integrity in its international recognized borders.[103][104] |
Overview
Georgia has established relations with 186 countries and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Georgia has terminated its diplomatic relations with Russia,[note 1][79] Nicaragua[note 1][22] and Syria.[note 1][46]
Georgia has not yet established diplomatic relations with:
- Venezuela,[note 1] Nauru[note 1]
- Bhutan, Cook Islands, Niue
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[note 1] and the rest of states with limited recognition.
See also
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
- List of diplomatic missions in Georgia
- List of diplomatic missions of Georgia
- Accession of Georgia to the European Union
- Georgia–European Union relations
- Georgia–NATO relations
- EU Neighbourhood Info Centre: Country profile of Georgia Template:Webarchive
Further reading
- NATO and the South Caucasus. Analyses, Chronicles, Opinion Polls in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 5
- Edilashvili, Maia: "Foreign Direct Investment Declines in Georgia" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 28
Notes
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References
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- ↑ Nana Bolashvili, Andreas Dittmann, Lorenz King, Vazha Neidze (eds.): National Atlas of Georgia, 138 pages, Steiner Verlag, 2018, Template:ISBN
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- ↑ United States-Georgia Charter on Strategic Partnership. Civil Georgia. 9 January 2009
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- ↑ Tanjug. "Serbia Supports Territorial Integrity of Georgia." B92.Net, 3 June 2015.
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External links
- MFA of Georgia - Bilateral relations
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
- The Permanent Mission of Georgia to the United Nations
- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
- Georgia v. Russia Provisional Measures Order and President Rosalyn Higgins concurring and Joint Dissenting Opinion and ASIL
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