Foreign relations of Monaco

The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent state, linked closely to France by the Treaty of July 1918, which was formally noted in Article 436 of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. The foreign policy of Monaco is one illustration of this accord: France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests, whilst at the same time maintaining complete independence. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963.

Although not a member of the European Union (EU), Monaco is closely associated with the economic apparatus of the EU through its customs union with France and its reliance upon the euro as its official currency.

Monaco actively participates in the United Nations, which it joined in 1993. Monaco joined the Council of Europe on October 4, 2004. Monaco also is a member of many international and intergovernmental organizations, including Interpol, the UNESCO, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is headquartered in Monaco.

The foreign relations are managed by the Department of External Relations.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Monaco maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Monaco.svg
#	Country	Date
1	France	Template:Dts
2	Italy	Template:Dts
–	Holy See	Template:Dts
3	Spain	Template:Dts
4	Belgium	Template:Dts
5	Luxembourg	Template:Dts
6	Germany	Template:Dts
7	Switzerland	Template:Dts
8	Netherlands	Template:Dts
9	China	Template:Dts
10	Liechtenstein	Template:Dts
11	El Salvador	Template:Dts
12	Colombia	Template:Dts
13	Maldives	Template:Dts
14	Ecuador	Template:Dts
15	Uruguay	Template:Dts
16	Malta	Template:Dts
17	Thailand	Template:Dts
18	Andorra	Template:Dts
19	Russia	Template:Dts
20	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Template:Dts
21	Slovenia	Template:Dts
22	Israel	Template:Dts
23	United States	Template:Dts
24	Ireland	Template:Dts
25	Japan	Template:Dts
26	Philippines	Template:Dts
27	Qatar	Template:Dts
28	Algeria	Template:Dts
29	San Marino	Template:Dts
30	Argentina	Template:Dts
31	Finland	Template:Dts
32	Austria	Template:Dts
33	Australia	Template:Dts
34	Malaysia	Template:Dts
35	Egypt	Template:Dts
36	Serbia	Template:Dts
37	South Korea	Template:Dts
38	Ukraine	Template:Dts
39	Montenegro	Template:Dts
40	India	Template:Dts
41	United Kingdom	Template:Dts
42	Poland	Template:Dts
–	Sovereign Military Order of Malta	Template:Dts
43	Guatemala	Template:Dts
44	Vietnam	Template:Dts
45	Croatia	Template:Dts
46	Slovakia	Template:Dts
47	Azerbaijan	Template:Dts
48	Cuba	Template:Dts
49	Chile	Template:Dts
50	Mongolia	Template:Dts
51	Estonia	Template:Dts
52	Template:Country data Georgia	Template:Dts
53	Dominican Republic	Template:Dts
54	Morocco	Template:Dts
55	Bulgaria	Template:Dts
56	Canada	Template:Dts
57	Romania	Template:Dts
58	Mexico	Template:Dts
59	Jamaica	Template:Dts
60	Seychelles	Template:Dts
61	Greece	Template:Dts
62	Turkey	Template:Dts
63	Czech Republic	Template:Dts
64	Lesotho	Template:Dts
65	Armenia	Template:Dts
66	Latvia	Template:Dts
67	Portugal	Template:Dts
68	Kazakhstan	Template:Dts
69	Sweden	Template:Dts
70	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Template:Dts
71	Pakistan	Template:Dts
72	Dominica	Template:Dts
73	Venezuela	Template:Dts
74	Equatorial Guinea	Template:Dts
75	Senegal	Template:Dts
76	United Arab Emirates	Template:Dts
77	Timor-Leste	Template:Dts
78	Brazil	Template:Dts
79	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Template:Dts
80	Samoa	Template:Dts
81	Afghanistan	Template:Dts
82	Peru	Template:Dts
83	Norway	Template:Dts
84	Indonesia	Template:Dts
85	South Africa	Template:Dts
86	Cyprus	Template:Dts
87	Botswana	Template:Dts
88	Honduras	Template:Dts
89	Panama	Template:Dts
90	Gabon	Template:Dts
91	Lithuania	Template:Dts
92	Saint Lucia	Template:Dts
93	Denmark	Template:Dts
94	Brunei	Template:Dts
95	Moldova	Template:Dts
96	Mauritania	Template:Dts
97	Palau	Template:Dts
98	Albania	Template:Dts
99	Djibouti	Template:Dts
100	Mali	Template:Dts
101	Solomon Islands	Template:Dts
102	Nepal	Template:Dts
103	Iran	Template:Dts
104	Tuvalu	Template:Dts
105	Paraguay	Template:Dts
106	Nigeria	Template:Dts
107	Malawi	Template:Dts
–	Kosovo	Template:Dts
108	Oman	Template:Dts
109	Bahrain	Template:Dts
110	Fiji	Template:Dts
111	Uzbekistan	Template:Dts
112	Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts
113	Rwanda	Template:Dts
114	Sudan	Template:Dts
115	Iceland	Template:Dts
116	Kiribati	Template:Dts
117	Angola	Template:Dts
118	Burkina Faso	Template:Dts
119	Burundi	Template:Dts
120	Turkmenistan	Template:Dts
121	Marshall Islands	Template:Dts
122	Costa Rica	Template:Dts
123	New Zealand	Template:Dts
124	Laos	Template:Dts
125	Togo	Template:Dts
126	Ivory Coast	Template:Dts
127	Belarus	Template:Dts
128	Hungary	Template:Dts
129	Sri Lanka	Template:Dts
130	Tajikistan	Template:Dts
131	Kyrgyzstan	Template:Dts
132	Cape Verde	Template:Dts
133	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts
134	Kuwait	Template:Dts
135	Vanuatu	Template:Dts
136	Tunisia	Template:Dts
137	Barbados	Template:Dts
138	Lebanon	Template:Dts
139	Antigua and Barbuda	Template:Dts
140	Benin	Template:Dts
141	Cambodia	Template:Dts
142	Nicaragua	Template:Dts
143	Namibia	Template:Dts
144	Ghana	Template:Dts
145	Template:Country data North Macedonia	Template:Dts
146	Niger	Template:Dts
147	Grenada	Template:Dts
148	Ethiopia	Template:Dts
149	Madagascar	Template:Dts
150	Jordan	Template:Dts
151	Guinea-Bissau	Template:Dts
152	Mozambique	Template:Dts
153	Saudi Arabia	Template:Dts
154	Bangladesh	Template:Dts
155	Bahamas	Template:Dts
156	Nauru	Template:Dts
157	Bolivia	Template:Dts
158	Guinea	Template:Dts
159	Federated States of Micronesia
160	Singapore	Template:Dts
161	Trinidad and Tobago	Template:Dts
162	Kenya	Template:Dts

Americas

Country	Formal relations began on	Notes
Canada	13 March 2008	Canada is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains honorary consulates in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.
Colombia	15 December 2000	Colombia is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Bogotá.
Mexico	21 March 2008	Mexico is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
United States	7 December 2006	See Monaco–United States relations The United States and Monaco enjoy excellent relations. From 1956 until her death in 1982, the American-born Grace Kelly was married to Prince Rainier III, Prince Albert's father. The United States does not yet have a diplomatic mission located in Monaco but there is an embassy in Paris, and a consulate general in Marseille. In December 2006, the United States and Monaco upgraded from consular to full diplomatic relations. Shortly thereafter, Craig Stapleton (ambassador to France) was accredited to Monaco, and ambassador Gilles Noghes became the first Monegasque ambassador to the United States. On December 3, 2013, Maguy Maccario Doylee replaced Noghes as the Principality's new emissary to Washington, DC, following her appointment by Prince Albert II of Monaco. Ambassador Maccario Doyle is the first woman to hold the post at the embassy. She previously served as Consul General of Monaco in New York since 1997 and head of the Principality's Tourism Board in North America since the early 1990s. Monaco has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and a consulate-general in New York City. The United States is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris.

Asia

Country	Formal relations began in	Notes
China	January 1995
India	21 September 2007	India is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
Indonesia	17 December 2010	Due to the resemblance of the colors red and white on their flags, the Monégasque government asked Indonesia to modify its flag during the International Hydrographic Congress on 29 April 1952. Indonesia has a non-resident embassy in Paris. Monaco maintains an honorary consulate in Jakarta.
Israel	30 November 2006	Israel is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and has an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Ramat Gan.
Pakistan	24 January 2009	Pakistan is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and an honorary consulate was inaugurated in 2012 in Monaco. Monaco maintains an honorary consulate in Karachi.
South Korea	14 June 2007	Diplomatic relations between South Korea and Monaco were established in June 2007. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Seoul. South Korea is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris.

Europe

Country	Formal relations began on	Notes
European Union		Monaco participates in a number of European Union policies through its interaction with France. Monaco is in the EU's customs and VAT area, is a de facto member of the Schengen Area due to its open border with France and uses the euro as its sole currency.
France	29 April 1873	Formal relations were established in 1918. France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963. In 2002, Monaco renegotiated its 1918 treaty with France. In 2005, it was ratified by both parties and entered into force. The terms of the treaty upgrade France's representation in Monaco from Consulate General to that of an embassy; permit, for the first time, other countries to accredit ambassadors to Monaco; and formally recognize the succession scheme set out in the 1962 Constitution, which extends eligibility to the Prince's daughters and other family members. France has an embassy in Monte Carlo. Monaco has an embassy in Paris.
Holy See	21 June 1875	It is part of Monaco's generally accepted cultural and political history that Monaco and the Holy See have maintained a diplomatic friendship bound by the Catholic faith since the founding of the Principality. Article 9 of the Monegasque Constitution, dated 17 December 1962, and modified in 2002, establishes the Catholic religion as the official religion of the sovereign state, which is a Catholic constitutional monarchy ruled by the Catholic Grimaldi dynasty. According to the Annuario Pontificio, the official yearbook of the Holy See, Monaco has maintained a diplomatic representative to the Holy See with the rank of minister plenipotentiary since 1915. In 1982, following the July 1981 signing of a new convention between Monaco and the Holy See reaffirming the close Catholic friendship and diplomatic relations which exists between the Catholic Principality and the Holy See, the rank of Monaco's diplomatic legation was elevated from that of a ministerial rank diplomatic legation to that of an embassy, with Cesar Charles Solamito, being elevated from the rank of minister plenipotentiary to ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in June 1982. Ambassador Solamito served as Monaco's first ambassador to the Holy See until 1997. In 1999, the position of ambassador of Monaco to the Holy See was assumed by Monegasque ambassador Jean Claude Michel. With respect to the Holy See, the Holy See has only maintained a diplomatic legation in Monaco since 2006. The appointment of a papal diplomatic representative to the Principality was subsequent to the revision of Monaco's treaty with France which was revised in 2002 and ratified in 2005. This revised treaty granted the Principality the sovereign prerogative of establishing formal diplomatic relations with other sovereign states at the highest diplomatic level, that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary—for the Holy See this means at the nunzorial level, i.e., that of an apostolic nunciature headed by an apostolic nuncio (apostolic nuncios normally hold the ecclesiastical rank of archbishop). The first, apostolic nuncio to represent the Holy See to Monaco, with residence and coterminous accreditation to the EU in Brussels, is Archbishop Andre Dupuy. Archbishop Dupuy presented his credentials to HSH Prince Albert II on 26 September 2006. The Holy See is accredited to Monaco from its apostolic nunciature in Paris. Monaco has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
Italy	25 April 1875	See Italy–Monaco relations Italy has an embassy in Monte Carlo. Monaco has an embassy in Rome.
Norway	16 November 2010	Norway is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco maintains an honorary consulate in Oslo.
Russia	31 May 2007	Monaco and Russia had bilateral relations since 1858, when Russia and Monaco signed treaties and agreements of extradition of criminals, of mutual legal assistance, on recognition of civil status of natural persons and of medical aid. However diplomatic relations were suspended in 1917. Diplomatic relations were re-established in April 2002. Monaco is accredited to Russia from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs based in Monaco and maintains honorary consulates in Moscow, Rostov-on-Don and in Saint Petersburg. Russia is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.
Spain	2 June 1876	Monaco has an embassy in Madrid. Spain is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
United Kingdom		Template:Main article Monaco established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 21 September 2007. Monaco maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is not accredited to Monaco through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its embassy in Paris, France. Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the OSCE, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.

See also

• Department of External Relations (Monaco)
• List of diplomatic missions in Monaco
• List of diplomatic missions of Monaco

External links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Principality of Monaco Template:In lang