Foreign relations of Serbia

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Foreign relations of Serbia are formulated and executed by the Government of Serbia through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia established diplomatic relations with most world nations – 190 UN member states and 2 non-member observer states – starting with the United Kingdom in 1837 and ending most recently with Marshall Islands in 2024.

Serbia is a member of the United Nations, the International Criminal Court, the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Central European Initiative, the Central European Free Trade Agreement, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the World Customs Organization, the Interpol, the International Organization for Standardization, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the International Olympic Committee, and other international organizations.

History

Medieval Serbia

Medieval Serbia’s foreign policy evolved from defensive autonomy under the Vlastimirović dynasty to ambitious expansion under the Nemanjić dynasty kingdom, and finally to desperate survival under the Serbian Despotate. Serbia balanced relations with Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria, Kingdom of Hungary, Republic of Venice, and the Ottomans, using alliances, marriages, and Orthodoxy to assert influence.Template:Sfn While achieving a brief imperial peak under Stefan Dušan, Serbia’s fragmentation and the Ottoman rise led to its eventual subjugation. Its foreign policy was marked by pragmatism, adaptability, and a persistent drive to unite Serb lands, leaving a lasting cultural and political legacy in the Balkans.

Principality of Serbia

Serbia gained its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in the Serbian Revolution (1804–1817), although Ottoman troops continued to garrison the capital, Belgrade, until 1867.

The Principality of Serbia’s foreign relations were defined by its quest for independence from the Ottoman Empire, reliance on Russian support, and cautious navigation of Austrian influence. Serbia cultivated alliances with Principality of Montenegro and Kingdom of Greece, while relations with Bulgaria turned competitive. The Ottoman Empire, Austria (later Austria-Hungary), and Russian Empire, shaped Serbia’s options, with the 1878 Congress of Berlin granting independence but limiting territorial gains. Serbia’s diplomacy balanced nationalist aspirations with pragmatic cooperation, laying the groundwork for its later role as a Balkans power.[1]

Serbia explored alliances with other Balkan states to counter Ottoman and Austrian influence, however, its small size and economic dependence limited its diplomatic leverage.

Kingdom of Serbia

In 1882, Serbia was proclaimed a kingdom under King Milan I of the House of Obrenović, later succeeded by the House of Karađorđević.

The Kingdom of Serbia’s foreign relations was driven by its quest for territorial expansion and South Slavic unification. Serbia aimed to unite South Slavic territories, particularly those with Serb populations, under the concept of "Greater Serbia" or South Slavic unity (Yugoslavism). This ambition often put it at odds with the Ottoman Empire and Austria, which controlled Serb-populated regions like Bosnia and Vojvodina.[2][3][4]

In the First Balkan War, Serbia, alongside Greece, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, defeated the Ottoman Empire, gaining Kosovo and parts of Macedonia. The Second Balkan War against Bulgaria secured further territorial gains but deepened regional rivalry with Bulgaria.

Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 deeply alienated Serbia. A trade dispute with Austria-Hungary, which imposed a customs blockade to pressure Serbia economically, highlighted Serbia’s dependence on external markets. Serbia countered by diversifying trade with France and Britain, strengthening Western ties. Russia, a fellow Slavic and Orthodox Christian state, provided diplomatic and military support, viewing Serbia as a counterweight to Austria-Hungary in the Balkans. Russia’s support was crucial during the July Crisis of 1914, when Serbia faced Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Serbia’s foreign policy was tested by Austria-Hungary’s invasion following the Sarajevo assassination. Serbia’s resistance, supported by Russia and France, led to initial victories but eventual occupation by 1915. Serbia’s government-in-exile in Corfu maintained diplomatic efforts, culminating in the 1918 creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (initially Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes), achieving Serbian main goal of South Slavic unification.[5]

Yugoslavia

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Yugoslav Wars and international isolation

During the 1990s, Serbia was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, comprising Serbia and Montenegro, formed in 1992 after the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The foreign policy, dominated by Serbian under President Slobodan Milošević, was heavily influenced by the Yugoslav Wars and international isolation.

Serbia provided support to Serb forces in Serb-populated areas across the former Yugoslavia, though it officially denied direct military involvement until the Kosovo War. This led to involvement in conflicts in Croatia (1991–1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995), and Kosovo (1998–1999). These actions strained relations with the international community and thus country faced severe international sanctions. This isolation was marked by ruptured diplomatic relations, and exclusion from international organizations (such as the UN, OSCE, and the Council of Europe) as well blocked access to international financial institutions (the IMF and World Bank), profoundly shaping Serbia’s foreign policy and global standing. The FR Yugoslavia was barred from the UN General Assembly in 1992, with its claim to be the sole successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia rejected. Instead, the UN declared the SFR Yugoslavia dissolved.[6]

Relations with Western countries, particularly the United States and key European nations, deteriorated sharply, culminating in the closure of the United Sates embassy in Belgrade in 1999 before NATO’s bombing campaign. The 1999 NATO bombing campaign, led by the United States, marked a low point, with the U.S. embassy remaining closed until 2001, reflecting a near-total suspension of formal diplomatic ties. Relations with Western countries, particularly the United States and key European nations, deteriorated sharply resulting in severing or reducing diplomatic presence in Belgrade. Germany, a key supporter of Croatian and Bosnian independence, recalled its ambassador in 1992, maintaining only minimal consular functions throughout the 1990s. The United Kingdom and France followed suit, with embassies operating at reduced capacity or closing during the Kosovo War. The 1999 NATO bombing campaign, marked a low point: the United States closed its embassy in Belgrade, reflecting a near-total suspension of formal diplomatic ties.

Facing Western ostracism, country sought support from traditional allies like Russia and Greece. Russia provided diplomatic backing, vetoing harsher UN measures and maintaining an embassy in Belgrade, though its support was constrained by Russia’s own post-Soviet challenges. Greece, despite EU membership, maintained relatively warm relations due to cultural and Orthodox ties, serving as a diplomatic bridge to the West. China also opposed NATO’s actions, particularly after the 1999 bombing of its Belgrade embassy, but its support was largely rhetorical. The Non-Aligned Movement, once a cornerstone of the Socialist Yugoslavia foreign policy, offered little practical support, as many member states aligned with the key western countries or remained neutral to avoid entanglement in the Yugoslav conflicts.

Democratic transition

In the 2000s, Serbia’s foreign policy has shifted dramatically from isolation to reintegration, with a focus on restoring and expanding diplomatic ties with Western countries. The overthrow of Milošević in 2000 marked a turning point, shifting from isolation to reintegration to the international community. Country was re-admitted to the United Nations as a new member soon thereafter while rejoining also the UN, OSCE and the Council of Europe as well as secured IMF and World Bank mebership.[7] Relations with Western nations began to thaw. Key EU states, including Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, reestablished full diplomatic relations, with embassies resuming normal operations. Germany, in particular, emerged as a key partner, investing heavily in Serbia’s economy. The relations with the United States were also restored with full diplomatic relations. The European Union became Serbia’s primary diplomatic focus, with the Stabilization and Association Agreement in 2008 and candidacy status in 2012 marking key milestones.

Montenegro’s independence in 2006 resulted in restoring Serbia as an independent nation after 88 years, with country being the sole successor state of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

Contemporary period

Serbia since early 2010s have been pursuing a multi-vector foreign policy, balancing relations with the European Union, the United States, Russia, and China.[8] Former President of Serbia Boris Tadić referred to relations with the European Union, United States, Russia, and China as the four pillars of Serbian foreign policy.[9] This approach aims to maintain strategic autonomy.

The European Union remains central to Serbia’s diplomacy and by far the largest trading partner. Its accession process has been slow, with 22 of 35 negotiation chapters opened by 2025 and only a few closed. Key obstacles include rule of law reforms and "normalizing" relations with Kosovo. Public support for EU membership in Serbia has dropped to around 40% by 2025 due to perceived double standards of the EU and its key member-states towards Serbia.[10] Serbia condemned Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine while avoiding to align with EU sanctions against Russia, reflecting its neutral stance.

Serbia has maintained robust diplomatic ties with Western countries, but Serbia’s refusal to recognize Kosovo’s independence remains a major sticking point and its balancing act with non-Western powers (Russia and China, in particular) to some degree complicate relations with the United States and key European states.

Serbia relies primarily on Russia and China for diplomatic support on Kosovo issue. The 2016 strategic partnership agreement and country's focal role in the Belt and Road Initiative have deepened ties with China which has become second biggest trading partner as well as investor of numerous infrastructure projects in Serbia (like the high-speed railways, motorways, and the Belgrade Metro).

Serbia has worked to improve relations with those neighboring countries (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Albania) with which it has a long-standing historical tensions. However, relations with Croatia remain strained due to historical tensions, while Kosovo’s status fuels occasional flare-ups. Serbia supports the Open Balkan initiative, launched in 2019, to boost regional economic cooperation with Albania and North Macedonia.[11]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Serbia maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Serbia.svg
# Country Date[12]
1 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts[13]
2 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Dts[14]
3 File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Dts[15]
4 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts[16][17]
5 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts
6 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts
7 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Dts
8 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts[18]
9 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Dts[19][20]
10 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Dts
11 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:Dts[21]
12 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Dts[22]
13 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Template:Dts[23][24]
14 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts[25]
15 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts[26][27]
16 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts[28]
17 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Dts[29]
18 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts[30]
19 File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Template:Dts[31]
20 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts[32]
21 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Template:Dts
22 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Template:Dts
23 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts[33][34]
24 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts[35]
25 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts[36]
26 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts[37]
27 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Dts[38]
28 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Dts[39]
29 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts[40]
– File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts
30 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:Dts[41][42]
31 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:Dts
32 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts[43]
33 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:Dts[44][45]
34 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:Dts
35 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts
36 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts
37 File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Template:Dts[46]
38 File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:Dts[47]
39 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts
40 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:Dts
41 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts
42 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Template:Dts[48]
43 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts
44 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Template:Dts[49]
45 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Template:Dts[50][51]
46 File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Template:Dts
47 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Template:Dts[52][53]
48 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts[54]
49 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts[55]
50 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Template:Dts[56]
51 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Template:Dts[57]
52 File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Template:Dts
53 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts[58]
54 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:Dts[59]
55 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Template:Dts
56 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Template:Dts[60]
57 File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Afghanistan Template:Dts
58 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:Dts
59 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Template:Dts[61]
60 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Template:Dts[62]
61 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Template:Dts
62 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Template:Dts[63]
63 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:Dts
64 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:Dts[64]
65 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:Dts
66 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts
67 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:Dts
68 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Template:Dts[65]
69 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Dts[66]
70 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts[67]
71 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Template:Dts[68]
72 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Template:Dts
73 File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Template:Dts[69]
74 File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Template:Dts[70]
75 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Template:Dts[71]
76 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts
77 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Template:Dts[72]
78 File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Template:Dts[73]
79 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Template:Dts[74]
80 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:Dts[75]
81 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Template:Dts[76]
82 File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:Dts
83 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Template:Dts[77]
84 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts[32]
85 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts[78]
86 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Template:Dts[79]
87 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:Dts
88 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts
89 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Template:Dts[80]
90 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:Dts[81]
91 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Template:Dts
92 File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Template:Dts[82]
93 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Template:Dts[83]
94 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Template:Dts[84]
95 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Template:Dts
96 File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Template:Dts[85]
97 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts
98 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:Dts
99 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Template:Dts[86]
100 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Template:Dts
101 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:Dts[87]
102 File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Template:Dts[88]
103 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Template:Dts[89]
104 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:Dts
105 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Template:Dts[90]
106 File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Template:Dts
107 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Template:Dts[91]
108 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Template:Dts[92]
109 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Template:Dts[93]
110 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Template:Dts[94]
111 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Template:Dts[95]
112 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Template:Dts[96]
113 File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Template:Dts[97]
114 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:Dts[98]
115 File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Template:Dts
116 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Template:Dts[99]
117 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Template:Dts[100]
118 File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Template:Dts[101]
119 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Template:Dts
120 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Template:Dts[102]
121 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:Dts
122 File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Template:Dts
123 File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Template:Dts
124 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Template:Dts[103]
125 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:Dts[104]
126 File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros Template:Dts
127 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Template:Dts
128 File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[105]
129 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts
130 File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Template:Dts[106]
131 File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Template:Dts
132 File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Template:Dts
133 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts[107]
134 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Template:Dts
135 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Template:Dts[108]
136 File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Template:Dts[87]
137 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Template:Dts[109]
– Template:Country data State of Palestine Template:Dts[110]
138 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Template:Dts[111]
139 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:Dts[112]
140 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts
141 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Template:Dts[113]
142 File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Template:Dts
143 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:Dts[114]
144 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts[115]
145 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:Dts
146 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Dts
147 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts
148 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Template:Dts
149 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Template:Dts
150 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts
151 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Dts
152 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts
153 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:Dts
154 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Template:Dts
155 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Template:Dts
156 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Dts
157 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Template:Dts
158 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts
159 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts[116]
160 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Dts
161 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts[117]
162 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Dts[116]
163 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts[118]
— File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Dts
164 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Template:Dts
165 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Template:Dts
166 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:Dts
167 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:Dts
168 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Template:Dts
169 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:Dts[119]
170 File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Template:Dts
171 File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Dts
172 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Template:Dts
173 File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan Template:Dts
174 File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Template:Dts
175 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Template:Dts
176 File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga Template:Dts[120]
177 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:Dts
178 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Template:Dts
179 File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Template:Dts
180 File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:Dts
181 File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Template:Dts
182 File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Template:Dts
183 File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Template:Dts
184 File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Template:Dts
185 File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Template:Dts
186 File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Template:Dts
187 File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Template:Dts
188 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Template:Dts[116]
189 File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands Template:Dts[116]

Multilateral relations

European Union

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Serbian foreign policy is focused on achieving the strategic goal of becoming a member state of the European Union (EU). Serbia officially applied for membership in the European Union in 2009, received a full candidate status in 2012 and started accession talks in 2014.[121][122][123] The European Commission considers accession possible by 2030. After initial popular support for country's entry, it has held unfavorable domestic approval with support weakening since 2014.[124] International support for their accession is similarly mixed with concerns over Serbia's claim over Kosovo, regional geopolitical tensions, foreign policy alignment with Russia, and domestic policies.[125][25]

NATO

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Serbia proclaimed military neutrality in 2007.[126] The relationship between Serbia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been regulated in the context of an Individual Partnership Action Plan. Serbia is the only state in the Southeastern Europe that is not seeking NATO membership, having been the target of a 1999 NATO bombing, but also due to the ensuing secession of and territorial dispute with Kosovo, as well as a close relationship with Russia.[127][128]

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria 1962[129] See Algeria–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola 1975[132]

See Angola–Serbia relations

  • Angola has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Luanda.
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon 1965[133]
  • Cameroon is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
  • Serbia is represented in Cameroon through its embassy in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo 1961[134]
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Kinshasa.
Template:Country data Côte d'Ivoire 1968[135]
  • Côte d'Ivoire is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
  • Serbia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Abuja (Nigeria).
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 1908[136] See Egypt–Serbia relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Cairo.[137]
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia 1952 See Ethiopia–Serbia relations
  • Ethiopia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Serbia has an embassy in Adis Abeba.
File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana 1959[138]
  • Ghana is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Serbia has an embassy in Accra.
File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea 1958[139]
  • Guinea has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Guinea through its embassy in Accra (Ghana).
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya 1963[140]
  • Kenya is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Paris (France).
  • Serbia has an embassy in Nairobi.
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya 1955[141] See Libya–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 1957
  • Morocco has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Rabat.
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria 1960[144]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Abuja as well as honorary consuls in Kano and Lagos.
File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal 1961[145]
  • Senegal is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
  • Serbia is represented in Senegal through its embassy in Rabat (Morocco).
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia 1960[146]

See Serbia–Somalia relations

  • Serbia is represented in Somalia through its embassy in Nairobi (Kenya).
  • Somalia has an embassy in Belgrade.
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 1992[147]

See Serbia–South Africa relations

  • Serbia has an embassy in Pretoria.[148]
  • South Africa is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia 1957[149]
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Tunis.
File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia 1964[150]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Lusaka.
  • Zambia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Paris (France).
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe 1980[151]

See Serbia–Zimbabwe relations

  • Serbia has an embassy in Harare.
  • Zimbabwe has an embassy in Belgrade.

Americas

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 1928[152] See Argentina–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 1938[154] See Brazil–Serbia relations
  • Brazil has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Brasília.
File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia 1952[155]
  • Bolivia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Serbia is represented in Bolivia through its embassy in Brasília (Brazil).
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 1941[156] See Canada–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile 1935[160]
  • Chile is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Chile through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).[161]
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 1966[162]
  • Colombia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Serbia is represented in Chile through its embassy in Washington, D.C. (United States).[163]
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 1902[164] See Cuba–Serbia relations
  • Cuba has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Havana.
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador 1956[165]
  • Ecuador is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Serbia is represented in Ecuador through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana 2024[166]
  • Guyana is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Brussels (Belgium).
  • Serbia is represented in Guyana through its embassy in Washington, D.C. (United States).[167]
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 1946[168] See Mexico–Serbia relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Mexico City.
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama 1953[169]
  • Panama is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Panama through its embassy in Mexico City (Mexico).[170]
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay 1883[171]
  • Paraguay is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru 1967[172] See Peru–Serbia relations
  • Peru is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Serbia is represented in Peru through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 1881[173] See Serbia–United States relations
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 1950[175]
  • Uruguay is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).
  • Serbia is represented in Uruguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).[176]
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela 1951[177] See Serbia–Venezuela relations
  • Serbia has an embassy in Caracas.[178]
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Belgrade.

Asia

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan 1954[179]
  • Afghanistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
  • Serbia is represented in Afghanistan through its embassy in Tehran (Iran).
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 1993[180] See Armenia–Serbia relations
  • Armenia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic).
  • Serbia has an embassy in Yerevan.
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 1997[181] See Azerbaijan–Serbia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Baku.
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 1971[182] See Bangladesh–Serbia relations
  • Bangladesh is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Serbia is represented in Bangladesh through its embassy in New Delhi (India).
File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia 1956[183] See Cambodia–Serbia relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 1955[184] See China–Serbia relations
  • Serbia has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate general in Shanghai.
  • China has an embassy in Belgrade.
Template:Country data Georgia 1995[185]
  • Georgia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
File:Flag of India.svg India 1948[186] See India–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia 1954[189] See Indonesia–Serbia relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Jakarta.
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran 1937[190] See Iran–Serbia relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Tehran.
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq 1958[191] See Iraq–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 1948[194] See Israel–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan 1882[197] See Japan–Serbia relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Belgrade.[198]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Tokyo and an honorary consulate in Osaka.[199]
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan 1951[200]
  • Jordan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Jordan through its embassy in Damascus (Syria).
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 1996[201] See Kazakhstan–Serbia relations
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Belgrade.[202]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Astana.
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait 1963[203]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Kuwait City.
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan 1998[204]
  • Kyrgyzstan is not represented in Serbia.
  • Serbia is represented in Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Astana (Kazakhstan).
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon 1946[205]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Beirut.
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 1967[206]
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Malaysia through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 1956[207]
  • Mongolia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Serbia is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing (China).
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar 1950[208] See Myanmar–Serbia relations
  • Myanmar has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Yangon.
File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal 1959[209]

See Nepal–Serbia relations

  • Diplomatic relations between Nepal and Serbia (then constituent part of SFR Yugoslavia of which it is considered shared successor) were established in 1959.[210]
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 1948[211] See North Korea–Serbia relations
  • North Korea is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
  • Serbia is represented in North Korea through its embassy in Beijing (China).
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 1948[212] See Pakistan–Serbia relations
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Belgrade.[213]
  • Serbia is represented in Pakistan through its embassy in Beijing (China).
Template:Country data Palestine 1989[214] See Palestine–Serbia relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Palestine through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 1972[215]
  • Philippines is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).[216]
  • Serbia is represented in the Philippines through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).[217]
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 1989[218]
  • Qatar has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Doha.
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 2013[219]
  • Saudi Arabia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
  • Serbia has an embassy in Riyadh.
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 1989[220] See Serbia–South Korea relations
  • Serbian has an embassy in Seoul.[221]
  • South Korean has an embassy in Belgrade.[222]
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria 1946[223]

See Serbia–Syria relations

  • Serbia has an embassy in Damascus.[224]
  • Syria has an embassy in Belgrade.
File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan 1995[225]
  • Serbia is represented in Tajikistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Tajikistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand 1954[226]
  • Serbia is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
  • Thailand is represented in Serbia through its honorary consulate in Belgrade.
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 1879[227] See Serbia–Turkey relations
  • Serbia has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Novi Pazar.
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan 1996[228]
  • Serbia is represented in Turkmenistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Turkmenistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 2007[229] See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Serbia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Belgrade.[230]
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan 1995[231]
  • Serbia is represented in Uzbekistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Uzbekistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 1957[232]
  • Serbia is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
  • Vietnam is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).

Europe

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania 1914[233] See Albania–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra 2007[236]
  • Andorra is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Andorra la Vella (at the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Andorra through its embassy in Madrid (Spain).
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria 1874[237] See Austria–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus 1994[241] See Belarus–Serbia relations
  • Belarus has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Minsk.
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 1886[242] See Belgium–Serbia relations
  • Belgium has an embassy in Belgrade.[243]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Brussels.
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 2000[244] See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 1879[245] See Bulgaria–Serbia relations
  • Bulgaria has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Niš.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Sofia.
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 1996[246] See Croatia–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 1960[247] See Cyprus–Serbia relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Nicosia.
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 1918[248] See Czech Republic–Serbia relations
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Belgrade.[249]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Prague.
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 1917[250] See Denmark–Serbia relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Copenhagen.
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 2001[251]
  • Estonia is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Tallinn (at the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland).
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland 1929[252] See Finland–Serbia relations
File:Flag of France.svg France 1839[255] See France–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 1951[258] See Germany–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece 1879[261] See Greece–Serbia relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Niš.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Athens and a consulate general in Thessaloniki.
File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See 1920[262] See Holy See–Serbia relations
  • The Holy See has an embassy in Belgrade.[263]
  • Serbia has an embassy to the Holy See in Rome (Italy).[264]
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 1921[265] See Hungary–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 2000[269] See Iceland–Serbia relations
  • Iceland is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
  • Serbia is represented in Iceland through its embassy in Oslo (Norway).[270]
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 1977[271] See Ireland–Serbia relations
  • Ireland is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).[272]
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 1879[273] See Italy–Serbia relations
  • Italy has an embassy in Belgrade.[274]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Rome and consulates general in Milan and Trieste.
Kosovo No diplomatic relations or recognition See Kosovo–Serbia relations
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 1917[275] See Latvia–Serbia relations
  • Latvia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Stockholm (Sweden).
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein 2003[276]
  • Liechtenstein is represented in Serbia through embassy of Switzerland in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Liechtenstein through its embassy in Bern (Switzerland).
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 2000[277] See Lithuania–Serbia relations
  • Lithuania is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).[278]
  • Serbia is represented in Lithuania through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 1927[279] See Luxembourg–Serbia relations
  • Luxembourg is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Luxembourg City (at the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels (Belgium).
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta 1969[280] See Malta–Serbia relations
  • Malta is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Valletta (at the Foreign Ministry).[281]
  • Serbia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova 1995[282] See Moldova–Serbia relations
  • Moldova is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
  • Serbia is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Kyiv (Ukraine).
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco 2007[283]
  • Monaco is represented in Serbia through embassy of France in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Monaco through its embassy in Paris (France).
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro 2006[284] See Montenegro–Serbia relations
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Podgorica and a consulate general in Herceg Novi.
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 1891[285] See Netherlands–Serbia relations
Template:Country data North Macedonia 1996[288] See North Macedonia–Serbia relations
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Skopje.
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway 1917[289] See Norway–Serbia relations
  • Norway has an embassy in Belgrade.[290]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Oslo.[291]
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 1919[292] See Poland–Serbia relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Warsaw.
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 1882[293] See Portugal–Serbia relations
  • Portugal has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Lisbon.
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 1879[294] See Romania–Serbia relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Vršac.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Bucharest and a consulate general in Timișoara.
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 1838[295] See Russia–Serbia relations
File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino 2002[297] See San Marino–Serbia relations
  • San Marino has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 1918[298] See Serbia–Slovakia relations
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 2000[301] See Serbia–Slovenia relations
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 1916[304] See Serbia–Spain relations
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 1917[307] See Serbia–Sweden relations
  • Serbia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Belgrade.[308]
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 1916[309] See Serbia–Switzerland relations
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 1994[313] See Serbia–Ukraine relations
  • Serbia has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Belgrade.
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 1837[13] See Serbia–United Kingdom relations

Oceania

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 1966[316] See Australia–Serbia relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Belgrade.[317]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate general in Sydney.
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 1951[318] See New Zealand–Serbia relations
  • New Zealand is represented in Serbia through its embassy in The Hague (Netherlands).
  • Serbia is represented in New Zealand through its embassy in Canberra (Australia).
File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau 2018[319] See Palau–Serbia relations
  • Palau is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Tokyo (Japan).
  • Serbia is represented in Palau through its embassy in Tokyo (Japan).

See also

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References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Lawrence P. Meriage, "The First Serbian Uprising (1804-13) and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Eastern Question." Slavic Review (1978) 37#3 pp 421-439.
  2. ↑ Martin Gilbert, First World War Atlas (1970) p 8.
  3. ↑ Richard C. Hall, "Serbia," in Richard F. Hamilton, and Holger H. Herwig, eds. The Origins of World War I (Cambridge UP, 2003) pp 92–111.
  4. ↑ Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (2012) pp 3–64 online.
  5. ↑ Gale Stokes, "The Serbian Documents from 1914: A Preview" Journal of Modern History 48#3 (1976), pp. 69-84 online
  6. ↑ https://www.clintonlibrary.gov/research/dissolution-yugoslavia-topic-guide
  7. ↑ https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/3/f/16605.pdf
  8. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319351508_Foreign_and_Security_Policy_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ https://balkaninsight.com/2024/05/14/balkan-support-for-eu-accession-high-except-in-serbia-survey/
  11. ↑ https://www.euronews.rs/tema/19666/inicijativa-open-balkan
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  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Enclosed by NATO, Serbia ponders next move Template:Webarchive AFP, 6 April 2009
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  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/cameroon
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ http://arhiviranisajt.msp.gov.rs/sr/index.php/spoljna-politika/bilateralni-odnosi/117-bilateralni-odnosi/11508-obala-slonovace?lang=cyr
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  137. ↑ Serbian embassy in Cairo Template:Webarchive
  138. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/ghana
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  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/senegal
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/tunisia
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Political relations with Argentina Template:Webarchive, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/bolivia
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  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/chile
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ https://www.mfa.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/colombia
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/ecuador
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  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/panama
  171. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/paraguay
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  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/uruguay
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  178. ↑ Одлука о поновном отварању Амбасаде Републике Србије у Боливарској Републици Венецуели, "Службени гласник РС", број 93 од 19. августа 2022.
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  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  187. ↑ Indian embassy in Belgrade Template:Webarchive. Updated 2021.
  188. ↑ Serbian embassy in New Delhi. Embassyofserbiadelhi.net.in. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
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  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/jordan
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  202. ↑ Urazova, DinaraU. "Kazakh Embassy Opens in Belgrade." Tengri News. Tengri News, 6 June 2015. Web. 4 April 2016.
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  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/lebanon
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/mongolia
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/gradjani/putovanje-u-inostranstvo/vize-i-informacije-o-drzavama/filipini
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  222. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  226. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  227. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  228. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/turkmenistan
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ http://www.tanjug.rs/news/79194/uae-to-open-embassy-in-belgrade.htm Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  231. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/uzbekistan
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  236. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/andorra
  237. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  238. ↑ Austrian embassy in Belgrade (in German and Serbian only)
  239. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  240. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  241. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  242. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  243. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  247. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  253. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  254. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  255. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  256. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  257. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  258. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  259. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  260. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  261. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  262. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  263. ↑ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Holy See’s embassy in Belgrade
  264. ↑ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Serbian embassy to the Holy See
  265. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  266. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  267. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  268. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  269. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  270. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/iceland
  271. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  272. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/ireland
  273. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  274. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  275. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  276. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/liechtenstein
  277. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  278. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  279. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/luxembourg
  280. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  281. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  282. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  283. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/monaco
  284. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  285. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  286. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  287. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  288. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  289. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  290. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  291. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  292. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  293. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  294. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  295. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  296. ↑ Bilateral Political Relations with Russia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
  297. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  298. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  299. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  300. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  301. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  302. ↑ Serbian embassy in Ljubljana (in Serbian and Slovenian only) Template:Webarchive
  303. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  304. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  305. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  306. ↑ Spanish embassy in Belgrade (in Serbian and Spanish only) Template:Webarchive
  307. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  308. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  309. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  310. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  311. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  312. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  313. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  314. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  315. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  316. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  317. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  318. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  319. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

  • Schevill, Ferdinand. History of the Balkans (1922) online
  • Stavrianos, L. S. The Balkans Since 1453 (1958), a comprehensive scholarly history
  • Trivanovitch, Vaso. "Serbia, Russia, and Austria during the Rule of Milan Obrenovich, 1868-78" Journal of Modern History (1931) 3#3 pp. 414–440 online

External links

Template:Sister project

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