Foreign relations of Luxembourg

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Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible listsThe Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has long been a prominent supporter of European political and economic integration. In 1921, Luxembourg and Belgium formed the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) to create an inter-exchangeable currency and a common customs regime. Post-war, Luxembourg became a founding member state of the United Nations, and dropped its policy of neutrality to become a founding member state of NATO. Luxembourg expanded its support for European integration, becoming a founding member state of the Benelux Economic Union (today's Benelux Union), and one of the "inner six" founding member states of the three European Communities; the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the European Economic Community (EEC). Subsequently, Luxembourg became a founding member state of the European Union (EU) when the EEC and ECSC were incorporated into it in 1993. Luxembourg is a founding member of the Schengen Area, abolishing internal borders amongst its member states, named after the Luxembourg village where the original agreement — since incorporated into EU law — was signed in 1985. At the same time, the majority of Luxembourgers have consistently believed that European unity makes sense only in the context of a dynamic transatlantic relationship, and thus have traditionally pursued a pro-NATO, pro-US foreign policy.

Luxembourg is the site of the European Court of Justice, the European Investment Bank, the European Court of Auditors, the secretariat of the European Parliament, the Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat), and other EU bodies.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Luxembourg maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Luxembourg.svg
# Country Date
1 File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Dts[1]
2 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:DTS[2]
— File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts[3]
3 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts[4]
4 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:DTS[2]
5 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:DTS[5]
6 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts[6]
7 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts[3]
8 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts[2]
9 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Dts[7]
10 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts[8]
11 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts[9]
12 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts[10]
13 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts[11]
14 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts[12]
15 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts[13]
16 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[14]
17 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[15]
18 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts[16]
19 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Template:Dts[17]
20 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Template:Dts[18]
21 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[19]
22 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts[20]
23 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts[21]
24 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[22]
25 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts[23]
26 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[24]
27 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts[25]
28 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:Dts[26]
29 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:Dts[27]
30 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts[28]
31 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts[29]
32 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[30]
33 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Template:Dts[31]
34 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts[32]
35 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:Dts[33]
36 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts[34]
37 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:Dts[35]
38 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:Dts[36]
39 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Template:Dts[37]
40 File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Template:Dts[38]
41 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts[39]
42 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Template:Dts[40]
43 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Dts[41]
44 File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:Dts[42]
45 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Template:Dts[43]
46 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts[44]
47 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Template:Dts[45]
48 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:Dts[46]
49 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Template:Dts[47]
50 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[48]
51 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Template:Dts[49]
52 File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Template:Dts[50]
53 File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Template:Dts[51]
53 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts[52]
55 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts[53]
56 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Template:Dts[54]
57 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Template:Dts[55]
58 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts[56]
59 File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Template:Dts[57]
60 File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Template:Dts[58]
61 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:Dts[59]
62 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Template:Dts[60]
63 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Template:Dts[60]
64 File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Template:Dts[60]
65 File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Template:Dts[61]
66 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts[62]
67 File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Template:Dts[63]
68 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:Dts[63]
69 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Template:Dts[64]
70 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Template:Dts[65]
71 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Template:Dts[66]
72 File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[67]
73 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Template:Dts[68]
74 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Template:Dts[69]
75 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[70]
76 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts[71]
77 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Template:Dts[72]
78 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts[73]
79 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:Dts[74]
80 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Template:Dts[75]
81 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts[76]
82 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts[77]
83 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:Dts[78]
84 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts[79]
85 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Template:DTS[80]
86 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:Dts[81]
87 File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Template:Dts[82]
88 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Template:Dts[83]
89 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:Dts[84]
90 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:Dts[85]
91 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Template:Dts[86]
92 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts[87]
93 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Template:Dts[88]
94 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Template:Dts[89]
95 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Template:Dts[90]
96 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Template:Dts[91]
97 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Template:Dts[92]
98 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Template:Dts[93]
99 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts[94]
100 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:Dts[95]
101 File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga Template:Dts[96]
102 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Template:Dts[97]
103 File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Template:Dts[98]
104 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Template:Dts[99][100]
105 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Template:Dts[101][102]
106 File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Template:Dts[103]
107 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:Dts[104]
108 File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros Template:Dts[105]
109 File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Template:Dts[106]
110 File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Template:Dts[107]
111 File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Template:Dts[108]
112 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Template:Dts[109]
113 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts[110]
114 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Template:Dts[111]
115 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Template:Dts[112]
116 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:Dts[113]
117 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:Dts[113]
118 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Template:Dts[114]
119 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Template:Dts[115]
120 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Template:Dts[116]
121 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Template:Dts[117]
122 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:Dts[118]
123 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:Dts[119]
124 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Template:Dts[120]
125 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:Dts[121]
126 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Template:Dts[122]
127 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Template:Dts[106]
128 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:Dts[106]
129 File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Template:Dts[106]
130 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Template:Dts[106]
131 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts[123]
132 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Dts[124]
133 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts[125]
134 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Template:Dts[126]
135 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Dts[127]
136 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[128]
137 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Dts[129]
138 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[130]
139 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[131]
140 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Template:Dts[132]
141 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Template:Dts[133]
142 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[134]
143 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:Dts[135]
144 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[136]
145 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts[137]
146 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:Dts[138]
147 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts[139]
148 File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands Template:Dts[106]
149 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[140]
150 Template:Country data North Macedonia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[141]
151 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts[142]
152 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Template:Dts[143]
153 File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[144]
154 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:Dts[106]
155 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Template:Dts[145]
156 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts[146]
157 File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[147]
158 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:Dts[106]
159 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Template:Dts[106]
160 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Template:Dts[106]
161 File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Afghanistan Template:Dts[106]
162 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Template:Dts[106]
163 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:Dts[106]
164 File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[147]
165 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[148]
166 File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Template:Dts[106]
167 File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Dts[106]
168 File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Template:Dts[106]
169 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Template:Dts[106]
170 File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[147]
171 File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[149]
172 File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Federated States of Micronesia Template:Dts[106]
173 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[147]
174 File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Template:Dts[150]
175 File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Template:Dts[106]
176 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[147]
177 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Template:Dts[106]
178 File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:Dts[106]
179 File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Template:Dts[106]
180 File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Template:Dts[106]
181 File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Template:Dts[106]
182 File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Template:Dts[106]
183 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Template:Dts[106]
184 File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Template:Dts[106]
— File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[151]
185 File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan Template:Dts[106]
186 File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Template:Dts[106]
187 File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Template:Dts[106]
188 File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Template:Dts[106]
189 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Template:Dts[106]
190 File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[152]
191 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Unknown

Bilateral relations

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 3 January 1945 See Canada–Luxembourg relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 3 January 1945[153]

File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 8 January 1947 See Luxembourg–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 8 January 1947[156]

In 1980, Prime Minister Pierre Werner paid an official visit to Mexico. In March 1996, Grand Duke Jean paid a visit to Mexico. During the Grand Duke's visit, both nations signed an Air Transportation Agreement. In April 2019, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel paid an official visit to Mexico and met with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[157][158]

  • Before having its consulate in Mexico City, Luxembourg is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mérida.[159]
  • Mexico is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and maintains an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.[160]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 17 July 1903 Diplomatic relations were established on 17 July 1903[161]
File:Embassy of Luxembourg in Washington, D.C..JPG
Embassy of Luxembourg in Washington, D.C.

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The United States, fighting on the Allied side, contributed to Luxembourg's liberation in World War I and World War II. More than 5,000 American soldiers, including U.S. Army General George S. Patton, are buried at the Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial near the capital of Luxembourg City, and there are monuments in many towns to American liberators. The strong U.S.-Luxembourg relationship is expressed both bilaterally and through common membership in NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 16 November 1972 Diplomatic relations were established on 16 November 1972[162]

See China–Luxembourg relations

File:Flag of India.svg India 1 July 1948 Diplomatic relations were established on 1 July 1948[34]

See India–Luxembourg relations

  • India has a consulate general in Luxembourg City.
  • Luxembourg has an embassy in New Delhi.[163]
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan See Japan–Luxembourg relations
  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Tokyo.[164]
  • Japan has an embassy in Luxembourg City.[165]
Template:Country data Palestine See Luxembourg–Palestine relations
  • Palestine is accredited to Luxembourg from its mission in Brussels, Belgium.
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Palestine from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Luxembourg City.
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 16 March 1962
  • Luxembourg and South Korea established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1962.[166]
  • Both countries have a shipping agreement in 1987 and an air agreement in 2003.
  • Luxembourg is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
  • South Korea is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
  • High-level Exchanges.
  • From Luxembourg to the South Korea.
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 10 July 1946 See Luxembourg–Turkey relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 10 July 1946[168]

Bilateral relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg gained momentum with the opening of a Turkish Embassy in Luxembourg in 1987.[169]

  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Ankara, which was opened on 29 November 2011.[169]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Luxembourg City.

There are 500 ethnic Turk's living in Luxembourg, 200 of whom have dual citizenship. The trade volume between the two States had reached $217 million in 2011.[169]

Luxembourg strongly supports Turkey's candidacy as a full European Union member.[170][171]

File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 15 November 1973 See Luxembourg–Vietnam relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 15 November 1973[172]

  • Luxembourg is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria 30 January 1891 Diplomatic relations were established on 30 January 1891[2]
  • Austria has an embassy in Luxembourg City.
  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 18 April 1892 See Belgium–Luxembourg relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 18 April 1892[2]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Luxembourg City.
  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 16 December 1956 Diplomatic relations were established on 16 December 1956[173]
  • Bulgaria is accredited to Luxembourg from its mission in Brussels, Belgium.
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Bulgaria from its mission in Prague, the Czech Republic.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 3 March 1970 Diplomatic relations were established on 3 March 1970[174]
  • Cyprus is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in The Hague, the Netherlands.
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 24 April 1922 Diplomatic relations were established on 24 April 1922[175]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 4 June 1906 Diplomatic relations were established on 4 June 1906[178]
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 29 August 1991

Luxembourg recognised Estonia on February 22, 1923, and re-recognised Estonia on August 27, 1991.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[180] Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on August 29, 1991[181]

In 1937, a prominent Estonian political leader Artur Sirk, while a fugitive in Luxembourg was found dead, having apparently committed suicide by jumping out a second-story window. Although the Luxembourg Gendarmerie report assumed suicide, because of inconsistencies in the report, the Estonian chargé d'affaires in Paris, Rudolph Mollerson was sent to investigate.[182] Estonian historians including Pusta[183] and Tomingas[184] have argued that the death was an act of defenestration by agents of the first President of Estonia, Konstantin Päts.

As of December 31, 2007, foreign investments made in Estonia originating from Luxembourg totaled 225 million EUR accounting for 2% of the total volume of foreign direct investments. There are about 300 Estonians living in Luxembourg.[180] An Estonian cultural association was founded in 1998.[185] Estonian President Arnold Rüütel made a state visit to Luxembourg in May 2003,[180][186] prime minister Andrus Ansip's in 2006.Luxembourgish Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker visited Estonia in 1999 and 2007.

  • Trade agreement between Estonia and Belgium and Luxembourg (1935)[187]
  • Agreement on Road Transport between Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands (came into force 1.12.94)[188]
  • Agreement Between Estonia and the Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments (came into force 23.09.99)[189]
  • Agreement Between Estonia and the States of Benelux on Readmission of Persons (came into force 1.02.05)
  • Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Income and Capital Tax evasion (signed 23.05.2006)[190][191]
  • Estonia is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and maintains an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.[180] Luxembourg is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic).[180]
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland 25 October 1921
File:Flag of France.svg France 15 December 1890 See France–Luxembourg relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 15 December 1890[2]

File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 8 January 1891 See Germany–Luxembourg relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 8 January 1891[2]

  • Germany has an embassy in Luxembourg City.
  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece See Greece—Luxembourg relations
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 20 December 1961 Diplomatic relations were established on 20 December 1961[198]
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 7 February 1891 Diplomatic relations were established on 7 February 1891[200]
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo 16 June 2011 See Kosovo–Luxembourg relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 16 June 2011[203]

Luxembourg recognized the independence of Kosovo on 21 February 2008.[204]

  • Kosovo is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Pristina.
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 2 July 1992
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 4 March 1891 See Luxembourg–Netherlands relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 4 March 1891[2]

  • Luxembourg has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Luxembourg City.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 18 April 1921 See Luxembourg–Poland relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 18 April 1921[207]

  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Luxembourg City.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 5 December 1910

Diplomatic relations were established on 5 December 1910[208]

  • Luxembourg is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains two honorary consulates (in Bucharest and Sibiu).
  • Romania has an embassy in Luxembourg City.[209]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 7 March 1891 See Luxembourg–Russia relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 7 March 1891[210][2]

  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in Saint Petersburg.
  • Russia has an embassy in the city of Luxembourg City.

Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the United Nations.

In the history of bilateral relations, the first Russian president to come on an official visit to Luxembourg was Vladimir Putin on 24 May 2007. As bilateral trade had more than tripled from US$66.6 million in 2003 to US$228.3 million in 2006, time had come to strengthen the ties between the two countries, energy and finance being the key areas of cooperation between Russia and Luxembourg.

File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 18 February 1891 See Luxembourg–Spain relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 18 February 1891[2]

  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Luxembourg City.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 1 July 1992 See Luxembourg–Ukraine relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 1 July 1992[211]

  • Luxembourg is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Prague, Czech Republic and through an honorary consulate in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and through an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.[212]
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". See Luxembourg–United Kingdom relations
File:Jean Asselborn, Luxembourg Minister of Foreign Affairs (5383877883).jpg
Luxembourger Foreign Minister Jean Asselborn with British Foreign Secretary William Hague in London, January 2011.

Luxembourg established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 8 June 1891.[3]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

  • Luxembourg maintains an embassy in London.[213]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Luxembourg through its embassy in Luxembourg City.[214]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.[215]

Oceania

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 18 September 1970[216] See Australia–Luxembourg relations
  • Australia and Luxembourg formalized diplomatic relations in September 1970 with the first appointment of Australia's ambassador in Brussels as non-resident ambassador to Luxembourg. The first ambassador presented credentials on 13 October 1970. Since then Australia has remained represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels.
  • Luxembourg is represented in Australia through the embassy of the Netherlands[217] in Canberra and through honorary consulates in Sydney and Melbourne.
  • Trade and investment figure strongly in the bilateral relationship and ministerial visits between the countries have focused on this. Luxembourg ranks as Australia's seventh largest investor (stocks) at A$93 billion in 2021, with Foreign Direct Investments (stocks) of $10 billion in Australia. Two-way goods and services trade in 2020 was valued at A$185 million.[218] There is a reciprocal working holiday visa scheme between the two countries.
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 3 December 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1970 when first Ambassador of New Zealand To Luxembourg Mr. Merwyn Norrish presented his credentials[219]

Relations by organization

NATO

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United Nations

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See also

References

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  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Luxembourg embassy in Washington (also accredited to Canada) Template:Webarchive
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ https://tokyo.mae.lu/en.html
  165. ↑ https://embassies.net/japan-in-luxembourg/luxembourg
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Denmark in Luxembourg
  180. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ K. Pusta, Saddiku Paevik, Gesilingen, 1964, vol. 1
  184. ↑ W. Tomingas, Vaikiv Ajustu Eestis, New York, 1961
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Text of the Agreement Between Estonia and the Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ *Diplomatic Appointments* Current Notes on International Affairs Vol 41 No 9 (September 1970) page 493. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  217. ↑ *Diplomatic and Consular Missions* Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2021
  218. ↑ *Luxembourg Country Brief* Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Country topics Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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