Foreign relations of Hungary

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Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Hungary wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs.[1][2] The foreign policy of Hungary includes commitments to international development, international law, European integration, Atlantic co-operation and increased co-operation within the Global East.[3] The Hungarian economy is fairly open and relies strongly on international trade.

Hungary has been a member of the United Nations since December 1955 and holds current membership with the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, the WTO, the World Bank, the AIIB and the IMF. Hungary took on the presidency of the Council of the European Union for half a year in 2011 and the next will be in 2024. In 2015, Hungary was the fifth largest OECD Non-DAC donor of development aid in the world, which represents 0.13% of its Gross National Income. In this regard, Hungary stands before Spain, Israel or Russia.

Hungary's capital city, Budapest is home to more than 100 embassies and foreign representative bodies.[4] Hungary hosts the main and regional headquarters of many international organizations as well, including European Institute of Innovation and Technology, European Police College, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Centre for Democratic Transition, Institute of International Education, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, International Red Cross, Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Danube Commission and even others.[5]

From 1989, Hungary's top foreign policy goal was achieving integration into Western economic and security organizations. It joined the Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has actively supported the IFOR and SFOR missions in Bosnia. It also improved its often frosty neighborly relations by signing basic treaties with Ukraine, Slovakia, and Romania. These renounce all outstanding territorial claims and lay the foundation for constructive relations. However, the issue of ethnic Hungarian minority rights in Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine periodically causes bilateral tensions to flare up. Hungary since 1989 has signed all of the OSCE documents, and served as the OSCE's Chairman-in-Office in 1997. Hungary's record of implementing CSCE Helsinki Final Act provisions, including those on the reunification of divided families, remains among the best in Central and Eastern Europe.

Except for the short-lived neutrality declared by the anti-Soviet leader Imre Nagy in November 1956, Hungary's foreign policy generally followed the Soviet lead from 1947 to 1989. During the Communist period, Hungary maintained treaties of friendship, cooperation, and mutual assistance with the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Romania, and Bulgaria. It was one of the founding members of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact and Comecon, and it was the first country to withdraw from those organizations. After 1989, it began to orient more towards the West, joining NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. In 2010, Hungary initiated its Eastern Opening Policy, marking a commitment to enhancing its relations with other nations within the Global East.[3]

File:Necasmeeting.jpg
Meeting of Visegrád Group leaders, plus Germany and France in 2013
File:BIMUN 2012 opening 1.jpg
United Nations conference in the assembly hall of House of Magnates in the Hungarian Parliament

Overview

As with any country, Hungarian security attitudes are shaped largely by history and geography. For Hungary, this is a history of more than 400 years of domination by great powers—the Ottomans, the Habsburg dynasty, the Germans during World War II, and the Soviets during the Cold War—and a geography of regional instability and separation from Hungarian minorities living in neighboring countries. Hungary's foreign policy priorities, largely consistent since 1990, represent a direct response to these factors. From 1990, Hungary's top foreign policy goal was achieving integration into Western economic and security organizations. Hungary joined the Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has actively supported the IFOR and SFOR missions in Bosnia. The Horn government achieved Hungary's most important foreign policy successes of the post-communist era by securing invitations to join both NATO and the European Union in 1997. Hungary became a member of NATO in 1999,[6] and a member of the EU in 2004.[7]

Hungary also has improved its often frosty neighborly relations by signing basic treaties with Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine. These renounce all outstanding territorial claims and lay the foundation for constructive relations. However, the issue of ethnic Hungarian minority rights in Slovakia and Romania periodically causes bilateral tensions to flare up. Hungary was a signatory to the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, has signed all of the CSCE/OSCE follow-on documents since 1989, and served as the OSCE's Chairman-in-Office in 1997. Hungary's record of implementing CSCE Helsinki Final Act provisions, including those on the reunification of divided families, remains among the best in eastern Europe. Hungary has been a member of the United Nations since December 1955.

The Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros Dams project

This involves Hungary and Czechoslovakia, and was agreed on September 16, 1977 ("Budapest Treaty"). The treaty envisioned a cross-border barrage system between the towns Gabčíkovo, Czechoslovakia and Nagymaros, Hungary. After an intensive campaign, the project became widely hated as a symbol of the old communist regime. In 1989 the Hungarian government decided to suspend it. In its sentence from September 1997, the International Court of Justice stated that both sides breached their obligation and that the 1977 Budapest Treaty is still valid. In 1998 the Slovak government turned to the International Court, demanding the Nagymaros part to be built. The international dispute was partially solved in 2017.

On March 19, 2008, Hungary recognized Kosovo as an independent country.[8]

Relations between Hungary and its Western partners have strained, because Orban's government has maintained relations with Russia despite sanctions against Russia after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[9]

Illicit drugs: Major trans-shipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamines and methamphetamines

Refugee protection: The Hungarian border barrier was built in 2015, and Hungary was criticized by other European countries for using tear gas and water cannons on refugees of the Syrian Civil War as they were trying to pass the country.[10][11]

Since 2017, Hungary–Ukraine relations have rapidly deteriorated over the issue of the Hungarian minority in Ukraine.[12][13]

The U.S. election on 5 November 2024 resulted in a landslide Republican victory. Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán loudly and consistently proclaimed that he not only expected Trump to take back the presidency but heartfully wished him to do so. Thanks to Orbán's unwavering support towards Trump, the personal relationship between the two statesmen has become impeccable, especially during the Biden administration when U.S.-Hungarian relations hit rock bottom.[14]

Hungary and Central Asia

File:Istanbul hosts 8th Summit of Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States (2).jpg
Viktor Orbán at the 8th Summit of the Organization of Turkic States

A number of Hungarian anthropologists and linguists have long had an interest in the Turkic peoples, fueled by the eastern origin of the Hungarians' ancestors.[15] The Hungarian ethnomusicologist Bence Szabolcsi explained this motivation as follows: "Hungarians are the outermost branch leaning this way from age-old tree of the great Asian musical culture rooted in the souls of a variety of peoples living from China through Central Asia to the Black Sea".[16]

Since the political transformation in 1990, Hungary has prioritized its diplomatic engagements with the Turkic world.[17] in 2018, Hungary became an observer within the Organisation of Turkic States, underscoring a deepened engagement in regional cooperation.[18]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Hungary maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Hungary.svg
# Country Date
1 Template:Country data Austria Template:Dts[19]
2 Template:Country data Switzerland Template:Dts[20]
3 Template:Country data France Template:Dts[21]
4 Template:Country data Norway Template:Dts[22]
5 Template:Country data Bulgaria Template:Dts[23]
— Template:Country data Holy See Template:Dts[24][25]
6 Template:Country data Romania Template:Dts[26]
7 Template:Country data Sweden Template:Dts[27]
8 Template:Country data Japan Template:Dts[28]
9 Template:Country data Netherlands Template:Dts[29]
10 Template:Country data United Kingdom Template:Dts[30]
11 Template:Country data Denmark Template:Dts[31]
12 Template:Country data Serbia Template:Dts[32]
13 Template:Country data Poland Template:Dts[33]
14 Template:Country data United States Template:Dts[34]
15 Template:Country data Czech Republic Template:Dts[35]
16 Template:Country data Belgium Template:Dts[36]
17 Template:Country data Finland Template:Dts[37]
18 Template:Country data Albania Template:Dts[38]
19 Template:Country data Luxembourg Template:Dts[39]
20 Template:Country data Turkey Template:Dts[40]
21 Template:Country data Argentina Template:Dts[41]
22 Template:Country data Spain Template:Dts[42]
23 Template:Country data Iran Template:Dts[43]
24 Template:Country data Mexico Template:Dts[44]
25 Template:Country data Italy Template:Dts[45]
26 Template:Country data Brazil Template:Dts[46]
27 Template:Country data Chile Template:Dts[47]
28 Template:Country data Russia Template:Dts[48]
29 Template:Country data Ecuador Template:Dts[49]
30 Template:Country data North Korea Template:Dts[50]
31 Template:Country data India Template:Dts[51]
32 Template:Country data Israel Template:Dts[52]
33 Template:Country data China Template:Dts[53]
34 Template:Country data Vietnam Template:Dts[54]
35 Template:Country data Mongolia Template:Dts[55]
36 Template:Country data Bolivia Template:Dts[56]
37 Template:Country data Syria Template:Dts[57]
38 Template:Country data Egypt Template:Dts[58]
39 Template:Country data Indonesia Template:Dts[59]
40 Template:Country data Iceland Template:Dts[60]
41 Template:Country data Myanmar Template:Dts[61]
42 Template:Country data Sudan Template:Dts[62]
43 Template:Country data Afghanistan Template:Dts[63]
44 Template:Country data Uruguay Template:Dts[64]
45 Template:Country data Greece Template:Dts[65]
46 Template:Country data Tunisia Template:Dts[58]
47 Template:Country data Iraq Template:Dts[66]
48 Template:Country data Sri Lanka Template:Dts[67]
49 Template:Country data Guinea Template:Dts[68]
50 Template:Country data Yemen Template:Dts[69]
51 Template:Country data Morocco Template:Dts[70]
52 Template:Country data Ethiopia Template:Dts[71]
53 Template:Country data Cuba Template:Dts[72]
54 Template:Country data Somalia Template:Dts[73]
55 Template:Country data Cyprus Template:Dts[74]
56 Template:Country data Nepal Template:Dts[75]
57 Template:Country data Mali Template:Dts[76]
58 Template:Country data Ghana Template:Dts[77]
59 Template:Country data Algeria Template:Dts[78]
60 Template:Country data Benin Template:Dts[79]
61 Template:Country data Laos Template:Dts[80]
62 Template:Country data Tanzania Template:Dts[81]
63 Template:Country data Cambodia Template:Dts[82]
64 Template:Country data Kenya Template:Dts[83]
65 Template:Country data Nigeria Template:Dts[84]
66 Template:Country data Kuwait Template:Dts[85]
67 Template:Country data Jordan Template:Dts[86]
68 Template:Country data Canada Template:Dts[87]
69 Template:Country data Pakistan Template:Dts[88]
70 Template:Country data Uganda Template:Dts[89]
71 Template:Country data Lebanon Template:Dts[76]
72 Template:Country data Mauritania Template:Dts[90]
73 Template:Country data Zambia Template:Dts[91]
74 Template:Country data Libya Template:Dts[92]
75 Template:Country data Senegal Template:Dts[93]
76 Template:Country data Ivory Coast Template:Dts[94]
77 Template:Country data Burundi Template:Dts[95]
78 Template:Country data Burkina Faso Template:Dts[96]
79 Template:Country data New Zealand Template:Dts[97]
80 Template:Country data Peru Template:Dts[98]
81 Template:Country data Venezuela Template:Dts[99]
82 Template:Country data Sierra Leone Template:Dts[100]
83 Template:Country data Malaysia Template:Dts[101]
84 Template:Country data Central African Republic Template:Dts[102]
85 Template:Country data Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[103]
86 Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea Template:Dts[104]
87 Template:Country data Costa Rica Template:Dts[56]
88 Template:Country data Togo Template:Dts[105]
89 Template:Country data Singapore Template:Dts[106]
90 Template:Country data Malta Template:Dts[107]
91 Template:Country data Bangladesh Template:Dts[108]
92 Template:Country data Australia Template:Dts[109]
93 Template:Country data Gambia Template:Dts[110]
94 Template:Country data Rwanda Template:Dts[111]
95 Template:Country data Chad Template:Dts[112]
96 Template:Country data Niger Template:Dts[113]
97 Template:Country data Colombia Template:Dts[114]
98 Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau Template:Dts[115]
99 Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[115]
100 Template:Country data Honduras Template:Dts[56]
101 Template:Country data Philippines Template:Dts[116]
102 Template:Country data Thailand Template:Dts[117]
103 Template:Country data Germany Template:Dts[118]
104 Template:Country data Portugal Template:Dts[119]
105 Template:Country data Jamaica Template:Dts[120]
106 Template:Country data Maldives Template:Dts[120]
107 Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago Template:Dts[120]
108 Template:Country data Mozambique Template:Dts[120]
109 Template:Country data Guyana Template:Dts[120]
110 Template:Country data Cape Verde Template:Dts[120]
111 Template:Country data Panama Template:Dts[120]
112 Template:Country data Madagascar Template:Dts[120]
113 Template:Country data Angola Template:Dts[120]
114 Template:Country data Liberia Template:Dts[121]
115 Template:Country data Fiji Template:Dts[121]
116 Template:Country data Ireland Template:Dts[121]
117 Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe Template:Dts[121]
118 Template:Country data Papua New Guinea Template:Dts[122]
119 Template:Country data Djibouti Template:Dts[122]
120 Template:Country data Suriname Template:Dts[122]
121 Template:Country data Grenada Template:Dts[122]
122 Template:Country data Seychelles Template:Dts[122]
123 Template:Country data Comoros Template:Dts[122]
124 Template:Country data Barbados Template:Dts[123]
125 Template:Country data Nicaragua Template:Dts[124]
126 Template:Country data Botswana Template:Dts[125]
127 Template:Country data Zimbabwe Template:Dts[126]
128 Template:Country data Lesotho Template:Dts[127]
129 Template:Country data Cameroon Template:Dts[128]
130 Template:Country data Gabon Template:Dts[129]
— Template:Country data State of Palestine Template:Dts[130]
131 Template:Country data South Korea Template:Dts[131]
132 Template:Country data United Arab Emirates Template:Dts[132]
133 Template:Country data Bahrain Template:Dts[133]
134 Template:Country data Namibia Template:Dts[134]
135 Template:Country data Mauritius Template:Dts[93]
136 Template:Country data Eswatini Template:Dts[129]
— Template:Country data Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Dts[135]
137 Template:Country data Oman Template:Dts[136]
138 Template:Country data Guatemala Template:Dts[129]
139 Template:Country data Qatar Template:Dts[137]
140 Template:Country data Malawi Template:Dts[93]
141 Template:Country data Paraguay Template:Dts[129]
142 Template:Country data San Marino Template:Dts[138]
143 Template:Country data South Africa Template:Dts[139]
144 Template:Country data Estonia Template:Dts[140]
145 Template:Country data Latvia Template:Dts[141]
146 Template:Country data Lithuania Template:Dts[142]
147 Template:Country data El Salvador Template:Dts[129]
148 Template:Country data Ukraine Template:Dts[143]
149 Template:Country data Moldova Template:Dts[144]
150 Template:Country data Slovenia Template:Dts[145]
151 Template:Country data Croatia Template:Dts[146]
152 Template:Country data Brunei Template:Dts[129]
153 Template:Country data Belarus Template:Dts[147]
154 Template:Country data Armenia Template:Dts[148]
155 Template:Country data Uzbekistan Template:Dts[149]
156 Template:Country data Kazakhstan Template:Dts[150]
157 Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Dts[151]
158 Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts[152]
159 Template:Country data Azerbaijan Template:Dts[153]
160 Template:Country data Turkmenistan Template:Dts[154]
161 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts[155]
162 Template:Country data Tajikistan Template:Dts[156]
163 Template:Country data Slovakia Template:Dts[157]
164 Template:Country data Liechtenstein Template:Dts[158]
165 Template:Country data Eritrea Template:Dts[159]
166 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts[160]
167 Template:Country data Andorra Template:Dts[161]
168 Template:Country data Saudi Arabia Template:Dts[162]
169 Template:Country data Dominican Republic Template:Dts[163]
170 Template:Country data Timor-Leste Template:Dts[164]
171 Template:Country data Bahamas Template:Dts[129]
172 Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda Template:Dts[129]
173 Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Dts[165]
174 Template:Country data Belize Template:Dts[129]
175 Template:Country data Haiti Template:Dts[129]
176 Template:Country data Saint Lucia Template:Dts[129]
177 Template:Country data Montenegro Template:Dts[166]
178 Template:Country data Dominica Template:Dts[129]
— Template:Country data Kosovo Template:Dts[167]
179 Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:Dts[129]
180 Template:Country data Vanuatu Template:Dts[168]
181 Template:Country data Solomon Islands Template:Dts[169]
182 Template:Country data Tuvalu Template:Dts[170]
183 Template:Country data Nauru Template:Dts[129]
184 Template:Country data Samoa Template:Dts[129]
185 Template:Country data South Sudan Template:Dts[129]
186 Template:Country data Tonga Template:Dts[129]
187 Template:Country data Federated States of Micronesia Template:Dts[129]
188 Template:Country data Monaco Template:Dts[171]
189 Template:Country data Kiribati Template:Dts[129]
190 Template:Country data Palau Template:Dts[172]
— Template:Country data Cook Islands Template:Dts[173]
191 Template:Country data Marshall Islands Template:Dts[129]

Relations by region and country

Multilateral

Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data European Union (See Hungary in the European Union)
Template:Country data NATO (See Hungary in NATO)
  • Hungary joined NATO as a full member on 12 March 1999.

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Cape Verde
  • Cape Verde is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
  • Hungary is accredited to Cape Verde from its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal[174][175] and maintains an honorary consulate in Praia.[176]
Template:Country data Ethiopia
  • Ethiopia is accredited to Hungary from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Template:Country data Ghana (See Ghana–Hungary relations)
  • Ghana is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Accra.
Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau
  • Guinea-Bissau is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Hungary is accredited to Guinea-Bissau from its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal.[176]
Template:Country data Mauritania
  • Hungary is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.[177][178]
Template:Country data Morocco
  • Hungary has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Latifa Akharbach, Morocco's under-secretary of Minister of Foreign Affairs visited Hungary in 2007.
Template:Country data Uganda
  • Hungary is represented in Uganda by its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya[177] and an honorary consulate in Kampala.[177]
  • Hungary is realizing the largest foreign development program in its history in Uganda.[179]

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Argentina (See Argentina–Hungary relations)
  • Argentina has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
Template:Country data Belize
  • Belize does not have an accreditation to Hungary.
  • Hungary does not have an accreditation to Belize.
Template:Country data Brazil 1927 (See Brazil–Hungary relations)
  • Brazil has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Brasília and a consulate-general in São Paulo.
Template:Country data Canada 1964 (See Canada–Hungary relations)
Template:Country data Colombia 28 March 1973 (See Colombia–Hungary relations)
  • Colombia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Bogotá.
Template:Country data Dominica
  • Hungary is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[182][177]
Template:Country data Mexico 1925 (See Hungary–Mexico relations)

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1864, during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Diplomatic relations were established between Hungary and Mexico in 1925 and were suspended in 1941. They were re-established on 14 May 1974.

Template:Country data United States 1922 (See Hungary–United States relations)

Normal bilateral relations between Hungary and the U.S. were resumed in December 1945 when a U.S. ambassador was appointed and the embassy was re-opened.

Template:Country data Uruguay (See Hungary–Uruguay relations)
  • Hungary is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and has an embassy office in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Armenia 2022-12-02 (See Armenia–Hungary relations)

On 31 August 2012, Armenia severed relations with Hungary following the extradition of Ramil Safarov.[187] On 2 December 2022, Armenia and Hungary restored diplomatic relations.[188]

Template:Country data Azerbaijan (See Azerbaijan–Hungary relations)
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Baku.
Template:Country data China 1949-10-04 (See Hungary-China relations)
  • China has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
  • Officials from Hungary regularly visit China on trade missions, a factor that helped enable the buyout of distressed Hungarian chemical maker Borsodchem by the Chinese company Wanhua Industrial Group.[189]
Template:Country data Georgia
  • Georgia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tbilisi.
Template:Country data India (See Hungary–India relations)
  • Hungary has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Budapest.
Template:Country data Indonesia 1955 (See Hungary–Indonesia relations)
Template:Country data Iran 1939 (See Hungary–Iran relations)
  • Since 1951, Hungary has an embassy in Tehran.[192]
  • Iran has an embassy in Budapest.[193]
  • Hungary is committed to expand cooperation with the Islamic Republic of Iran.[194]
Template:Country data Iraq (See Hungary–Kurdistan Region relations)
  • Hungary has an embassy in Baghdad.
  • Iraq has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Between August 2003 and March 2005, Hungary had contributed to more than 300 soldiers to the Multinational force in Iraq.
Template:Country data Israel (See Hungary–Israel relations)
Template:Country data Japan (See Hungary–Japan relations)
Template:Country data Kazakhstan (See Hungary–Kazakhstan relations)
  • Hungary has an embassy in Astana and a consulate-general in Almaty.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Budapest.
Template:Country data Malaysia 1969 (See Hungary–Malaysia relations)
Template:Country data Mongolia 1959-05-29
Template:Country data North Korea (See Hungary–North Korea relations)
  • Relations between the two countries existed since the Korean War, but however have evolved into conflicts.
Template:Country data Pakistan 1965-11-26 (See Hungary–Pakistan relations)
  • Since 1970, Hungary has an embassy in Islamabad and an honorary consulate in Karachi.[199]
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Budapest[200]
Template:Country data Palestine 1988-11-23 (See Hungary–Palestine relations)
  • Hungary has a representative office in Ramallah.
  • Palestine has an embassy in Budapest.
Template:Country data Qatar 18 October 1990[137]
Template:Country data Saudi Arabia
  • Hungary has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Budapest.
Template:Country data South Korea 1 February 1989[206] (See Hungary–South Korea relations)

The establishment of diplomatic relations between Hungary and the Republic of Korea began on 1 February 1989.

Template:Country data Sri Lanka (See Hungary–Sri Lanka relations)

Sri Lanka has an embassy in Vienna, Austria that is accredited to Hungary[209] and has an honorary consulate in Budapest[210] Hungary maintains an honorary consulate in Colombo, Sri Lanka.[211] Hungary contributed to relief after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and has since stepped up aid to Sri Lanka.[212]

Template:Country data Thailand 1973-10-24
Template:Country data Turkey (See Hungary–Turkey relations)
File:İstanbul 5782.jpg
Memorial to Hungarian freedom fighters of 1848–1849 at Protestant Cemetery in Şişli, Istanbul.
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates
  • Hungary has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Budapest.
Template:Country data Vietnam 1950-02-03 (See Hungary–Vietnam relations)

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Albania (See Albania–Hungary relations)

Austria-Hungary supported Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912.

  • Albania has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tirana.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • Albania is an candidate and Hungary is an EU member.
Template:Country data Austria (See Austria–Hungary relations)

Austrian-Hungarian relations are the neighborly relations between Austria and Hungary, two member states of the European Union. Both countries have a long common history since the ruling dynasty of Austria, the Habsburgs, inherited the Hungarian throne in the 16th century. Both have been part of the now-defunct Austro-Hungarian Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1921, after their separation.

  • Austria has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Vienna and a consulate-general in Innsbruck.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Template:Country data Belgium
Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-04-10
  • Hungary recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence on April 9, 1992.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Sarajevo.[222]
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is an candidate and Hungary is an EU member.
Template:Country data Bulgaria 1920 (See Bulgaria–Hungary relations)
Template:Country data Croatia (See Croatia–Hungary relations)
  • Croatia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Cyprus
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Template:Country data Czech Republic (See Czech Republic–Hungary relations)
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Prague.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Denmark (See Denmark–Hungary relations)
Template:Country data Estonia 1924-02-24 (See Estonia–Hungary relations)
  • Estonia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tallinn and two honorary consulates (in Tallinn and Tartu).[225]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Finland Template:Dts (See Finland–Hungary relations)
  • Hungary recognised Finland on August 23, 1920. Finland recognised Hungary on September 10, 1920.
  • Finland broke off diplomatic relations on September 20, 1944.
  • Diplomatic relations were re-established on May 20, 1947.
  • Both national languages, Finnish and Hungarian, are Uralic languages, which has led to cultural exchange albeit at a much smaller scale compared to the third major Uralic-speaking country, Estonia.
  • Finland has an embassy in Budapest and an honorary consulate in Pécs.[226]
  • Hungary has an embassy in Helsinki and four honorary consulates (in Turku, Mariehamn, Tampere and Joensuu).[227]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data France (See France–Hungary relations)
  • France has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Paris.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Germany (See Germany–Hungary relations)
  • Germany has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Greece (See Greece–Hungary relations)
  • Greece has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Athens.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Ireland 1976
Template:Country data Italy
Template:Country data Kosovo (See Hungary–Kosovo relations)

Hungary recognized Kosovo on 19 March 2008.[234]

  • Hungary has an embassy in Pristina.[235]
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Budapest.
Template:Country data Latvia 1921-07-21
Template:Country data Lithuania
Template:Country data Luxembourg
Template:Country data Malta 1964
Template:Country data Montenegro

Hungary recognized Montenegro shortly after their declaration of independence.

Template:Country data Netherlands (See Hungary–Netherlands relations)
Template:Country data North Macedonia
Template:Country data Norway 1920
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1920, but diplomatic representations were set up only in 1947–1948.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Oslo and 2 honorary consulates (in Stavanger and Sarpsborg).[242]
  • Norway has an embassy in Budapest.[243]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
Template:Country data Poland (See Hungary-Poland relations)
  • Hungary has an embassy in Warsaw, a consulate-general in Kraków and a vice-consulate in Wrocław.
  • Poland has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Portugal 1974-07-01
Template:Country data Romania 1920 (See Hungary–Romania relations)
Template:Country data Russia (See Hungary–Russia relations)
Template:Country data Serbia 1882-11-21 (See Hungary–Serbia relations)
Template:Country data Slovakia 1993 (See Hungary–Slovakia relations)
Template:Country data Slovenia (See Hungary–Slovenia relations)
Template:Country data Spain 1938-01-13 (See Hungary–Spain relations)
Template:Country data Sweden 1945-12-28 (See Hungary–Sweden relations)
  • Hungary has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Switzerland
  • Hungary has an embassy in Bern and consulate in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Ukraine (See Hungary–Ukraine relations)
Template:Country data United Kingdom 22 May 1921 (See Hungary–United Kingdom relations)
File:Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade (44613275674).jpg
British Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt with Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó at a NATO summit in Chevening, October 2018.

Hungary established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 22 May 1921.[30]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.[254]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Australia 1972
Template:Country data New Zealand
  • Hungary has an embassy in Wellington.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Budapest.

Foreign criticism

In December 2010, the Fidesz government adopted a press and media law which threatens fines on media that engage in "unbalanced coverage".[256] The law aroused criticism in the European Union as possibly "a direct threat to democracy".[256]

In 2013, the government adopted a new constitution that modified several aspects of the institutional and legal framework in Hungary. These changes have been criticized by the Council of Europe, the European Union and Human Rights Watch as possibly undermining the rule of law and human rights protection.[257]

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

  • Borhi, László, "In the Power Arena: U.S.-Hungarian Relations, 1942–1989," The Hungarian Quarterly (Budapest), 51 (Summer 2010), pp 67–81.
  • Glant, Tibor, "Ninety Years of United States-Hungarian Relations," Eger Journal of American Studies, 13 (2012), pp 163–83.
  • Hornyak, Arpad. Hungarian-Yugoslav Diplomatic Relations, 1918–1927 (East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press; 2013) 426 pages.
  • Niklasson, Tomas. "Regime stability and foreign policy change: interaction between domestic and foreign policy in Hungary 1956-1994" (PhD dissertation Lund University, 2006) online.
  • Váli, Ferenc A, "The Foreign Policy of Hungary" in Kuhlman, James A (ed.), The Foreign Policies of Eastern Europe: Domestic and International Determinants (Sijthoff, Leyden, 1978).

Template:Foreign relations of Hungary Template:Hungary articles Template:Foreign relations of Europe Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Solomon S (1997) South African Foreign Policy and Middle Power Leadership Template:Webarchive, ISS
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Hungary border crackdown, The Guardian 16 September 2015
  11. ↑ Hungarian police spray tear gas water cannons at migrants, CBS News 16 September 2015
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ "Hungary-Ukraine relations hit new low over troop deployment Template:Webarchive". New Europe. 26 March 2018.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ ipos, János Kazakh Folksongs from the Two Ends of the Steppe Template:Webarchive
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  165. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Pakistani embassy in Budapest Template:Webarchive
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  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  222. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  226. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  227. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  228. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  231. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  239. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  240. ↑ Dutch embassy in Budapest Template:Webarchive
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  242. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  243. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  247. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  253. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  254. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  255. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  256. ↑ a b ‘The New Press and Media Act in Hungary’ (concerning the December 2010 law), by Kai Ekholm and Tarja Svärd-Ylilehto. ifla.org, 5 October 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  257. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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