Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives
(Redirected from T (IPA))
Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Voiceless alveolar and dental plosives (or stops) are a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is Template:Angbr IPA. The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, Template:Angbr IPA and the postalveolar with a retraction line, Template:Angbr IPA, and the extIPA has a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, Template:Angbr IPA.
The Script error: No such module "IPA". sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically.Template:Sfnp Most languages have at least a plain Script error: No such module "IPA"., and some distinguish more than one variety. Some languages without a Script error: No such module "IPA". are colloquial Samoan (which also lacks an Script error: No such module "IPA".), Abau, and Nǁng of South Africa.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
There are only a few languages which distinguish dental and alveolar stops, Kota, Toda, Venda and many Australian Aboriginal languages being a few of them; certain varieties of Hiberno-English also distinguish them (with Script error: No such module "IPA". being the local realisation of the Standard English phoneme Script error: No such module "IPA"., represented by ⟨th⟩).
Features
File:Voiceless dental plosive.svg
File:Voiceless alveolar plosive.svg
Here are the features of voiceless alveolar stops:
- There are three specific variants of Script error: No such module "IPA".:
- Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
- Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Median articulation Template:Pulmonic
Occurrence
Dental
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AleutTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'dough' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| Armenian | EasternTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'house' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'three' | ||||
| Bashkir | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'four' | Laminal denti-alveolar | |||
| BelarusianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'century' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Belarusian phonology | |||
| Basque | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'place' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Basque phonology | |||
| Bengali | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'you' | Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology | |||
| CatalanTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'land' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Catalan phonology | |||
| Chuvash | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'horse' | ||||
| Czech | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'this' | Laminal denti-alveolar.[1] See Czech phonology | |||
| DinkaTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'child' | Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with alveolar Script error: No such module "IPA".. | |||
| Dutch | Belgian | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'language' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
| English | DublinTemplate:Sfnp | thin | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'thin' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | In Dublin, it may be Template:IPAblink instead. | See English phonology. |
| Indian | Corresponds to Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp | ||||||
| Southern IrishTemplate:Sfnp | |||||||
| Ulster[2] | train | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'train' | Allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". before Script error: No such module "IPA"., in free variation with an alveolar stop. | |||
| Finnish | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'pacifier' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Finnish phonology | |||
| FrenchTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'crooked' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See French phonology | |||
| HakkaTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'he/she' | Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with an unaspirated form. | |||
| HindustaniTemplate:Sfnp | Hindi | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'three' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | Contrasts with aspirated form <Script error: No such module "Lang".>. | See Hindustani phonology |
| Urdu | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Contrasts with aspirated form <Script error: No such module "Lang".>. | |||||
| Hmong | White Hmong | Template:Script/Pahawh Hmong / Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'son', 'boy' or 'male name' | |||
| IndonesianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'curtain' | Laminal denti-alveolar, most often transcribed in IPA with ⟨t⟩. | |||
| ItalianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'such' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Italian phonology | |||
| JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'special' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Japanese phonology | |||
| Kashubian[3] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'bird' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| Kazakh | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'salt' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| KyrgyzTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'salt' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| LatvianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'table' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Latvian phonology | |||
| Malayalam | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'waiting' | Contrasts Script error: No such module "IPA".. | |||
| MapudungunTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'husband' | Interdental.Template:Sfnp | |||
| Marathi | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tabla' | Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Marathi phonology | |||
| Minangkabau | Padang | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'old' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
| Nepali | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'clapping' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology | |||
| NunggubuyuTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'whiskers' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| Odia | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'star' | Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. | |||
| PazehTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'keep clapping' | Dental. | ||||
| PolishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'volume' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Polish phonology | |||
| PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp | Many dialects | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'mountain' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Likely to have allophones among native speakers, as it may affricate to Template:IPAblink, Template:IPAblink and/or Template:IPAblink in certain environments. See Portuguese phonology | ||
| Punjabi | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'oil' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| RussianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'fat' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Russian phonology | |||
| Scottish Gaelic[4] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'house' | Apical dental. Contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated forms. | |||
| Serbo-CroatianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'sorrow' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |||
| Sinhala | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'hand' | ||||
| SloveneTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'type' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovene phonology | |||
| Slovak | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'this' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovak phonology | |||
| Somali | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'vomit' | Dentalization of alveolar plosive. | |||
| SpanishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tango' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Spanish phonology | |||
| SwedishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'train' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Swedish phonology | |||
| Telugu | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'wrong' | Contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated forms. | |||
| Turkish | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'horse' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Turkish phonology | |||
| Ukrainian[5]Template:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'brother' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Ukrainian phonology | |||
| UzbekTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | – | Laminal denti-alveolar. Slightly aspirated before vowels.Template:Sfnp | ||||
| VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'week' | Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Vietnamese phonology | |||
| Zapotec | TilquiapanTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'so much' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||
Alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'thank you' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
| Adyghe | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'five' | ||
| AfrikaansTemplate:Sfnp | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handler | 'pot' | |||
| Arabic | Egyptian | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'barrette' | See Egyptian Arabic phonology |
| Assyrian | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'house' | Most speakers. In the Tyari, Barwari and Southern dialects θ is used. | |
| Cantonese | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'fall' (v.) | See Cantonese Phonology | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'iron' | |||
| Chechen | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'squirrel' | ||
| Danish | StandardTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'can' (n.) | Usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. Contrasts with the affricate Template:IPAblink or aspirated stop Script error: No such module "IPA". (depending on the dialect), which are usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA.Template:Sfnp See Danish phonology |
| DutchTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'language' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | Most speakers | tick | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'tick' | See English phonology |
| New YorkTemplate:Sfnp | Varies between apical and laminal, with the latter being predominant.Template:Sfnp | ||||
| Hebrew | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'image' | see Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| HungarianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'raft' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Indonesian | Most speakers | tabir | [täbɪr] | 'curtain' | Commonly [t̪] by other speakers. |
| Kabardian | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler | 'five' | ||
| Khmer | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tea' | See Khmer phonology | |
| Korean | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'bamboo forest' | See Korean phonology | |
| Kurdish | Northern | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'you' | See Kurdish phonology |
| Central | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'forehead' | ||
| Southern | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |||
| LuxembourgishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'thin' | Less often voiced Template:IPAblink. It is usually transcribed Script error: No such module "IPA"., and it contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed Script error: No such module "IPA"..Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology | |
| Malayalam | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'wind' | Contrasts Script error: No such module "IPA".. | |
| Maltese | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'true' | ||
| Mandarin | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'ground' | See Mandarin Phonology | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'ladder/stairs' | |||
| MapudungunTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'elderly' | ||
| NunggubuyuTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'greedy' | ||
| NuosuScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'place' | Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms | |
| Portuguese[6] | Some dialects | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'thing' (pejorative) | Allophone before alveolar Template:IPAslink. In other dialects Script error: No such module "IPA". takes a denti-alveolar allophone instead. See Portuguese phonology |
| Tagalog | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'sweet' | See Tagalog phonology | |
| Thai | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'eye' | Contrasts with an aspirated form. | |
| West Frisian | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tooth' | See West Frisian phonology | |
Postalveolar
Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bengali[7] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'taka' | Apical postalveolar;[7] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology |
| Hindustani[8][9] | Script error: No such module "Lang"./ Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'hat' | Apical postalveolar |
| Nepali | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'team' | Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology |
| Odia | Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'crepe jasmine' | Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. |
| Yele | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'tongue' | Contrasts Script error: No such module "IPA".. |
Variable
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | Modern Standard | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'fig' | Laminal denti-alveolar or alveolar, depending on the speaker's native dialect. See Arabic phonology |
| English | Broad South AfricanTemplate:Sfnp | talk | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'talk' | Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp |
| ScottishTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||
| WelshTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||
| German | StandardTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'daughter' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology |
| GreekTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'three' | Varies between dental, laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, depending on the environment.Template:Sfnp See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Malay | Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'catch' | More commonly dental. Often unreleased in syllable codas. See Malay phonology | |
| Norwegian | Urban EastTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'dance' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. It is usually transcribed Script error: No such module "IPA".. It may be partially voiced Template:IPAblink, and it contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed Script error: No such module "IPA"..Template:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology |
| Persian[10] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'berry' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar.[10] See Persian phonology | |
| SlovakTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'that' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Slovak phonology | |
See also
Notes
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Bauer, Michael. Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese revisited Template:Webarchive Template:In lang
- ↑ a b Template:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ a b Template:Harvcoltxt
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References
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