Voiceless postalveolar affricate

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant affricate or voiceless domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with Template:Angbr IPA, Template:Angbr IPA, Template:Angbr IPA (formerly the ligature Template:Angbr IPA),Script error: No such module "Unsubst". or, in broad transcription, Template:Angbr IPA. This affricate has a dedicated symbol Template:Unichar, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used. The alternative commonly used in American tradition is Template:Angbr. It is familiar to English speakers as the "ch" sound in "chip".

Historically, this sound often derives from a former voiceless velar stop Script error: No such module "IPA". (as in English church; also in Gulf Arabic, Slavic languages, Indo-Iranian languages and Romance languages), or a voiceless dental stop Script error: No such module "IPA". by way of palatalization, especially next to a front vowel (as in English nature; also in Amharic, Portuguese, some accents of Egyptian, etc.).

Features

Features of the voiceless domed postalveolar affricate:

Template:Sibilant affricate Template:Postalveolar Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe Script error: No such module "Lang"./čamë/چەمہـ Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'cow' Some dialects contrast labialized and non-labialized forms.
Albanian Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'opened'
Aleut Atkan dialect Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to wash'
Amharic Script error: No such module "Lang"./anči Script error: No such module "IPA". 'you'
Arabic[1] Central Palestinian Script error: No such module "Lang". (Normally unwritten)/mačtabe Script error: No such module "IPA". 'library' Corresponds to Script error: No such module "IPA". in Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology
Iraqi Script error: No such module "Lang"./čitaab Script error: No such module "IPA". 'book'
Jordanian Script error: No such module "Lang". (Normally unwritten)/čitaab Script error: No such module "IPA".
Aragonese Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'game'
Armenian Eastern[2] Script error: No such module "Lang"./čënčquk Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'sparrow'
Assyrian ܟ̰ܝܡܐ/č’yama Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to shut' Found in native terminology. Widespread usage in all dialect varieties. Developed from an original /tˤ/.
Asturian Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'Cyprus' Mostly found in loanwords, if possible, usually replaced by x Template:IPAblink.
Azerbaijani Script error: No such module "Lang"./اکینچی Script error: No such module "IPA". 'the ploughman'
Bengali Script error: No such module "Lang"./čošma Script error: No such module "IPA". 'spectacles' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
Basque Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'boat'
Bulgarian Script error: No such module "Lang"./čučuliga Script error: No such module "IPA". 'lark' See Bulgarian phonology
Catalan Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'car' See Catalan phonology.
Central Alaskan Yup'ik Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'parka hood'
Choctaw Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'tobacco'
Coptic Bohairic dialect Script error: No such module "Lang"./čoh Script error: No such module "IPA". 'touch'
Czech Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'guinea pig' See Czech phonology
Dhivehi ޗަކަސް / čakas Script error: No such module "IPA". 'mud' Relatively rare, usually occurs in loanwords / onomatoepic words
Dutch Tjongejonge Script error: No such module "IPA". 'jeez' An exclamation of (mild) annoyance, surprise, wonder or amazement.[3]

Pronunciation is region dependent.

English beach Script error: No such module "IPA". 'beach' Slightly labialized Script error: No such module "IPA".. See English phonology
Esperanto Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'because' See Esperanto phonology
Estonian Script error: No such module "Lang". [ˈtʃelˑo] 'cello' Rare, occurs only in loanwords. see Estonian phonology
Faroese Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to do' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Faroese phonology
Finnish Script error: No such module "Lang". [ˈt̪ʃe̞kːi] 'Czechia' Rare, occurs only in loanwords. See Finnish phonology
French Standard Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'rubber' Relatively rare; occurs mostly in loanwords. See French phonology
Acadian tiens Script error: No such module "IPA". '(I/you) keep' Allophone of /k/ and /tj/ before a front vowel.
Galician Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'full' Galician-Portuguese Script error: No such module "IPA". is conserved in Galician and merged with Template:IPAslink in most Portuguese dialects. See Galician phonology
Georgian[4] Script error: No such module "Lang"./čixi Script error: No such module "IPA". 'impasse'
German Standard[5] Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'bye' Laminal or apico-laminal and strongly labialized.[5] See Standard German phonology
Greek Cypriot Script error: No such module "Lang"./čai Script error: No such module "IPA". 'tea'
Hausa Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'disease, pain'
Hebrew Script error: No such module "Lang"./čuva Script error: No such module "IPA". 'answer' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindustani Hindi Script error: No such module "Lang"./cāy Script error: No such module "IPA". 'tea' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
Urdu Script error: No such module "Lang"./çāy
Haitian Creole Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'sports match'
Hungarian Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'fruit juice' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[6] Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'hi' See Italian phonology
Javanese Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"./چۤڎَاك Script error: No such module "IPA". 'near'
Kʼicheʼ Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'KʼicheʼTemplate:'' Contrasts with ejective form
Kabardian Script error: No such module "Lang"./čanž/چەنژ Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'shallow'
Kashubian[7] czësto Script error: No such module "IPA". 'cleanly'
Kurdish Script error: No such module "Lang"./هرچ Script error: No such module "IPA". 'bear'
Ladino Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'quilt'
Macedonian Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'wait' See Macedonian phonology
Malay Malaysian Script error: No such module "Lang"./چوچي Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to wash' See Malay phonology
Indonesian Palatal Template:IPAblink according to some analyses. See Malay phonology
Maltese Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'bleach'
Manx Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'lord'
Marathi Script error: No such module "Lang"./čahá Script error: No such module "IPA". 'tea' Contrasts with aspirated form. Allophone of /tɕ / and /ts/.See Marathi phonology
Mongolian Khalkha dialect наргиж/nargič
Template:MongolUnicode 		Script error: No such module "IPA". 'laugh'
Nahuatl Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'armadillo'
Norwegian Some dialects Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'kitchen' See Norwegian phonology
Nunggubuyu[8] jaro Script error: No such module "IPA". 'needle'
Occitan Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'juice' See Occitan phonology
Odia Script error: No such module "Lang"./caka Script error: No such module "IPA". 'wheel' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Persian Script error: No such module "Lang"./чӯб/çub Script error: No such module "IPA". 'wood' See Persian phonology
Polish Gmina Istebna Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'dark' Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". merge into Script error: No such module "IPA". in these dialects. In standard Polish, Script error: No such module "IPA". is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal voiceless retroflex affricate.
Lubawa dialect[9]
Malbork dialect[9]
Ostróda dialect[9]
Warmia dialect[9]
Portuguese Most northern and some central Portuguese dialects Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to call' Archaic realization of etymological Template:Angbr. Its use is diminishing due to influence of the standard language, being replaced by Template:IPAblink.
Most Brazilian dialects[10] Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'present' Allophone of Template:IPAslink before Script error: No such module "IPA". (including when Script error: No such module "IPA". is not actually produced) and other instances of Script error: No such module "IPA". (e.g. epenthesis), marginal sound otherwise. See Portuguese phonology
Most dialects Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'bye' In Standard European Portuguese it occurs only in recent loanwords.
Punjabi Script error: No such module "Lang"./ Script error: No such module "Lang"./čol Script error: No such module "IPA". 'rice'
Quechua chunka Script error: No such module "IPA". 'ten'
Romani Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'bird' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Romanian Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'sky' See Romanian phonology
Rotuman[11] Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to flee'
Scottish Gaelic Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'health' Southern dialects only; standard pronunciation is [tʲ]. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Serbo-Croatian Some speakers Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'chocolate' In varieties that do not distinguish Script error: No such module "IPA". from Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Silesian Gmina Istebna[12] szpańelsko [t̠͡ʃpaɲɛskɔ] 'Spanish' These dialects merge Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". into Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Jablunkov[12] [t̠͡ʃpaɲɛlskɔ]
Slovak číslo [t͡ʃiːslo] 'number' See Slovak phonology
Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'cottage'
Solos tsino [t͡ʃinɔ] 'bone'
Spanish[13] Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'chocolate' See Spanish phonology
Swahili Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"./جِيچٗ 'eye'
Swedish Finland Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'twenty' See Swedish phonology
Some rural Swedish dialects Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'love'
Tagalog Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'driver' See Tagalog phonology
Tlingit Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'ten'
Turkish Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'very' See Turkish phonology
Tyap Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'love'
Ubykh Script error: No such module "Lang"./čëbžëya Script error: No such module "IPA". 'pepper' See Ubykh phonology
UkrainianTemplate:Sfnp Script error: No such module "Lang"./čotyry Script error: No such module "IPA". 'four' See Ukrainian phonology
Uzbek Script error: No such module "Lang"./چۉل Script error: No such module "IPA". 'desert'
Welsh Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'chips' Occurs in loanwords. See Welsh phonology
Yiddish Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'knick-knack' See Yiddish phonology
Zapotec Tilquiapan[14] Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA".

Mandarin Chinese, Russian, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, Polish, Catalan, and Thai have a voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate Script error: No such module "IPA".; this is technically postalveolar but it is less precise to use Script error: No such module "IPA"..

Related characters

There are several Unicode characters based on the tesh digraph (ʧ):

Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate

Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Features

Template:Affricate

Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
English AustralianTemplate:Sfnp tree Script error: No such module "IPA". 'tree' Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable-initial sequence Script error: No such module "IPA"..Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp In General American and Received Pronunciation, the less common alternative is alveolar Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Australian English phonology and English phonology
General AmericanTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
Received PronunciationTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
Scottish Gaelic LewisTemplate:Sfnp sitrich Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to neigh' Palato-alveolar. Phonetic realization of Script error: No such module "IPA". after palatal or palatalised consonants in medial clusters.

Notes

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  1. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  2. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
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  5. ↑ a b Template:Harvcoltxt
  6. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  9. ↑ a b c d Template:Harvcoltxt
  10. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  11. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  12. ↑ a b Template:Harvcoltxt
  13. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  14. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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References

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:IPA navigation

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