Help:IPA/Hebrew

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Template:IPA key Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Biblical and Modern Hebrew language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Template:Section link.

Since Modern Hebrew has different pronunciations in Israel, certain letters may be transcribed differently depending on the background of the speaker. See Biblical Hebrew phonology and Modern Hebrew phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Hebrew.

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Consonants
BH MH Letter(s) Romanization English approximation
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בּ‎ (Beť dǝgušah) b bet
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />דּ‎ (Daleť dǝgušah) d dark
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ד‎ (Ďaleť rafah) BH: ḏ
MH: d 		BH: this
MH: dark
Template:IPAlink[1][2] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ג׳‎ (Gimel with geresh) j joy
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פ ף‎ (Fei rafah) BH: p̄
MH: f 		fool
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גּ‎ (Gimel dǝgušah) g go
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ג‎ (Ǧimel rafah) BH: ḡ
MH: g 		BH: No English equivalent; Arabic Ghayn (غ‎‎‎)
MH: go
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ה‎ (He), <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הּ‎ (He mappiq) h hen
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink (Template:IPAlink)[3] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ח‎ (Ḥeť) BH: ḥ
MH: h or ch/kh 		BH: No English equivalent; Arabic ḥāʾ (ح‎‎)
MH: Scottish loch
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />י‎ (Yoď) y yes
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כּ ךּ‎ (Kaf dǝgušah)
 k skin
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ל‎ (Lameď) l left
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שׂ‎ (Sin semalith) BH: ś
MH: s 		BH: No English equivalent; Welsh llwyd
MH: see
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מ ם‎ (Mem) m man
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נ ן‎ (Nun) n no
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פּ‎ (Pei dǝgušah) p spin
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ק‎ (Qof) BH: q
MH: k 		BH: No English equivalent; Arabic qāf (ق‎‎‎).
MH: skin.
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink (Template:IPAlink)[4] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ר‎ (Resh) r BH: trilled or tapped run.
MH: French rouge
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ס‎ (Samekh) s see
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink[1] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />צ ץ‎ (Ṣadi) BH: ṣ
MH: ts/tz 		BH: No English equivalent; Arabic ṣād (ص‎)
MH: cats
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שׁ‎ (Šin Yemanit) BH: š
MH: sh 		she
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּ‎ (Taw) t sting
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ט‎ (Ṭeť) BH: ṭ
MH: t 		BH: No English equivalent; Arabic ṭāʾ (ط‎)
MH: sting
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ת‎ (Ťaw) BH: ṯ
MH: t 		BH: thing
MH: sting
Template:IPAlink[1] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />צ׳ ץ׳‎ (Tsade with geresh) ch chair
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ב‎ (Veť rafah)
 BH: ḇ
MH: v 		voice
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ו‎ (Vav) BH: w
MH: v 		BH: would
MH: voice
Template:IPAlink[5] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וו‎ (double Vav) or <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ו‎ (single Vav) w we
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כ ך‎ (Ḵaf rafah) BH: ḵ
MH: ch/kh 		Scottish loch
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ח׳‎[6] (Heth with geresh) kh
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ז‎ (Zayin) z zoo
Template:IPAlink[2] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ז׳‎ (Zayin with geresh) zh beige
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink (Template:IPAlink)[3] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ע‎ (Ayin) BH: ʿ
MH: ' 		BH: No English equivalent; Arabic 'ayn (ع)
MH: uh-(ʔ)oh
Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />א‎ (Alef)
 BH: ʾ
MH:' 		uh-(ʔ)oh


Marginal consonants of Modern Hebrew in transliteration and loanwords (used only by some speakers)
IPA Usual pronunciation Letter(s) Romanisation English
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink / Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ד׳‎ (Dalet with geresh) dh the
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink / Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ע׳‎[7] (Ayin with geresh) or <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ר׳‎[7] (Resh with geresh) gh No English equivalent; Arabic Ghayn (غ‎‎‎)
Template:IPAlink Script error: No such module "IPA". <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נג‎ (Nun-Gimel) ng ring
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink / Template:IPAlink <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ת׳‎[8] (Tav with geresh) th thing

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Vowels
TH MH Letter(s) Romanization English approximation
Template:IPAlink File:Hebrew Patah.svg (Patach), File:Hataf Patah.svg (Hataf Patach) TH: a, ă
MH: a 		Scottish bath
Template:IPAlink Script error: No such module "IPA". (Script error: No such module "IPA".)[9] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />י‎File:Hebrew Zeire.svg(Tzere-Yodh), File:Hebrew Zeire.svg (Zeire) TH: ē
MH: e or ei/ey 		TH: Scottish bay
MH: bay
Template:IPAlink Scottish bay
Template:IPAlink File:Hebrew Segol.svg (Segol), File:Hataf Segol.svg (Hataf Segol) TH: e, ĕ
MH: e 		bed
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink (Script error: No such module "IPA".)[9] File:Tilde Schwa.svg (Shva) TH: e/ĕ
MH: e or unwritten 		TH: comma
MH: bed
∅[10] TH: comma
MH: silent
Template:IPAlink File:Hebrew Hiriq.svg(Hiriq) i see
Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />י‎File:Hebrew Hiriq.svg(Hiriq-Yud) TH: ī
MH: i
Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink File:Hebrew Holam.svg (Holam alone), <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹ‎ (with any mater lectionis) TH: ō
MH: o 		story
Template:IPAlink File:Hebrew Qamaz.svg (Kamatz katan), File:Hataf Qamaz.svg (Hataf Kamatz) TH: o, ŏ
MH: o 		TH: off
MH: story
Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". File:Hebrew Qamaz.svg (Kamatz) TH: ā
MH: a 		TH: off
MH: Scottish bath
Template:IPAlink File:Hebrew Backslash Qubuz.svg (Kubutz) u cool
Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּ‎ (Vav with shuruk) TH: ū
MH: u


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Diphthongs in Modern Hebrew (used in transliteration and loanwords)
IPA Letter(s) Romanization English approximation
Script error: No such module "IPA". <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוֹ‎File:Hebrew Patah.svg (Patach-Holam), <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוֹ‎File:Hebrew Qamaz.svg (Kamatz-Holam) ao cow
Script error: No such module "IPA". <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוּ‎File:Hebrew Patah.svg (Patach-Shuruk), <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוּ‎File:Hebrew Qamaz.svg (Kamatz-Shuruk) au
Script error: No such module "IPA". <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוּ‎File:Hebrew Segol.svg (Segol-Shuruk), <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוּ‎File:Hebrew Zeire.svg (Tzere-Shuruk) eu no (some dialects[11])
Script error: No such module "IPA". <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹאוּ‎ (Holam-Shuruk) ou goal


Other symbols
IPA Explanation
Template:IPAlink Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֹכֶל‎ ('food') Script error: No such module "IPA"., <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוֹכֵל‏‎ ('eating' [participle]) Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:IPAlink Secondary stress, e.g. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הַאֻמְנָם?‎ ('oh, really?') Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:IPAlink Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign Script error: No such module "IPA".: the word for "hand" would be <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יָד‎ Script error: No such module "IPA". in absolute state and <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יַד־‎ Script error: No such module "IPA". in construct state.[12] Indicating normative consonant gemination uses a double consonant: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גַּנָּב‎ ('a thief') Script error: No such module "IPA". not Script error: No such module "IPA".

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "IPA". are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA Script error: No such module "IPA". respectively, but the tie-bar is here omitted for simplicity.
  2. ↑ a b /dʒ/ and /ʒ/ are sometimes confused by speakers who don't hear a distinction between them (mostly Russian and Arabic speakers).
  3. ↑ a b In Modern Israeli Hebrew, Script error: No such module "IPA". have merged with Script error: No such module "IPA". respectively, but are still distinguished by some Sephardi, Mizrahi and Arab speakers.
  4. ↑ The sound is uvular for most speakers, but some speakers, mostly Sefardim, Mizrahim, Arab Israelis, Jews from the former USSR and Ethiopian Jews (in the 20th century also news broadcasters and singers) retain an alveolar pronunciation: Template:IPAblink~Template:IPAblink.
  5. ↑ Appears in new loanwords: Script error: No such module "Lang". /wala/ "Wow!, really?, you don't say!, no kidding!". In some old loanwords that originally had Template:IPAslink, it was approximated to Script error: No such module "IPA".: Script error: No such module "Lang". /vadi/ "Wadi".
  6. ↑ Only appears in transliterations from Arabic script to transliterate the letter Ḫāʾ (خ)
  7. ↑ a b Only appears in transliterations from Arabic script to transliterate the letter Ghayn (غ‎‎‎).
  8. ↑ ת׳ is sometimes used for both /ð/ and /θ/ (in words from English) either by speakers who don't hear a distinction between them or as an equivalent to the Th digraph of English which is also used for both sounds.
  9. ↑ a b Some conservative speakers pronounce it /e/ like in Sephardi Hebrew
  10. ↑ Modern Hebrew typically elides shva in situations where it can be comfortably omitted in common speech, creating consonant clusters that would otherwise not be permitted in older varieties of Hebrew.
  11. ↑ These dialects include Southern England (including Received Pronunciation), English Midlands, Australian, New Zealand, the Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and younger Californian English. Other dialects of English, such as most other forms of American, Northern England, Welsh, Scottish and Irish English, have no close equivalent vowel.
  12. ↑ Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate, and that is just one possible example.

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See also

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