Taw

Template:Short description Template:Multiple issues Template:Template other Taw, tav, or taf is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic tāʾ Template:Script, Aramaic taw 𐡕‎, Hebrew tav Template:Script, Phoenician tāw 𐤕, and Syriac taw ܬ. In Arabic, it also gives rise to the derived letter ṯāʾ. Its original sound value is Template:IPAslink. It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪉‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek tau (Τ), Latin T, and Cyrillic Т.

Origins

Taw is believed to be derived from the Egyptian hieroglyph representing a tally mark.

Hieroglyph	Proto-Sinaitic	Phoenician	Paleo-Hebrew
<hiero>Z9</hiero>	File:Proto-Canaanite - tof.png	File:Phoenician taw.svg	File:Early Aramaic character - tof.png

Arabic tāʾ

Template:Infobox graphemeThe letter is named Template:Transliteration. It is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic

Final (fatha, then Template:Transliteration with a sukun on it, pronounced , though diacritics are normally omitted) is used to mark feminine gender for third-person perfective/past tense verbs, while final (Template:Transliteration, ) is used to mark past-tense second-person singular masculine verbs, final (Template:Transliteration, ) to mark past-tense second-person singular feminine verbs, and final (Template:Transliteration, ) to mark past-tense first-person singular verbs. The plural form of Arabic letter is Template:Transliteration (), a palindrome.

Recently, the isolated has been used online as an emoticon in the Western world, because it resembles a smiling face.

Tā' marbūṭa

An alternative form (ـَة, ة) called Template:Transliteration (), "bound Template:Transliteration", is used at the end of words to mark feminine gender for nouns and adjectives. Regular Template:Transliteration, to distinguish it from Template:Transliteration, is referred to as Template:Transliteration (, "open Template:Transliteration").

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic

In words such as ('letter, message, epistle'), the Template:Transliteration () + Template:Transliteration combination () is transliterated as Template:Transliteration or Template:Transliteration (Template:Transliteration or Template:Transliteration), and pronounced as (as if there were only a Template:Transliteration). Historically, Template:Transliteration was pronounced as the Template:IPAslink sound in all positions, but now the Template:IPAslink sound is dropped in coda positions.

However, when a word ending with a Template:Transliteration is suffixed with a grammatical case ending or any other suffix, the is clearly pronounced. For example, the word ('letter, message', 'epistle') is pronounced as Template:Transliteration in pausa but is pronounced Template:Transliteration in the nominative case ( being the nominative case ending), Template:Transliteration in the genitive case ( being the genitive case ending), and Template:Transliteration in the accusative case ( being the accusative case ending). When the possessive suffix Template:Transliteration ('my') is added, it becomes Template:Transliteration ('my letter') . The /t/ is also always pronounced when the word is in construct state (Template:Transliteration), for example in Template:Transliteration ('The Epistle of Forgiveness').

The isolated and final forms of this letter combine the shape of Template:Transliteration () and the two dots of Template:Transliteration (). When words containing the symbol are borrowed into other languages written in the Arabic script, such as Persian, Template:Transliteration usually becomes either a regular or a regular .

Hebrew tav

Orthographic variants
Various print fonts			Cursive Hebrew	Rashi script
Serif	Sans-serif	Monospaced
ת	ת	ת	File:Hebrew letter Taf handwriting.svg	File:Taf (Rashi-script - Hebrew letter).svg

Hebrew spelling: תָּיו, תָּי״ו‎

Hebrew pronunciation

The letter tav in Modern Hebrew usually represents a voiceless alveolar plosive: .

Variations on written form and pronunciation

The letter tav is one of the six letters that can receive a dagesh kal diacritic; the others are bet, gimel, dalet, kaph and pe. Bet, kaph and pe have their sound values changed in modern Hebrew from the fricative to the plosive, by adding a dagesh. In modern Hebrew, the other three do not change their pronunciation with or without a dagesh, but they have had alternate pronunciations at other times and places.

In traditional Ashkenazi pronunciation, tav represents an without the dagesh and has the plosive form when it has the dagesh. Among Yemen and some Sephardi areas, tav without a dagesh represented a voiceless dental fricative —a pronunciation hailed by the Sfath Emeth work as wholly authentic, while the tav with the dagesh is the plosive . In traditional Italian pronunciation, tav without a dagesh is sometimes .Template:Clarify

Tav with a geresh (ת׳‎) is sometimes used in order to represent the TH digraph in loanwords.

Significance of tav

In gematria, tav represents the number 400, the largest single number that can be represented without using the Template:Transliteration (final) forms (see kaph, mem, nun, pe, and tzade).

In representing names from foreign languages, a geresh can also be placed after the tav (), making it represent Template:IPAslink. (See also: Hebraization of English)

In Judaism

Tav is the last letter of the Hebrew word emet, which means 'truth'. The midrash explains that emet is made up of the first, middle, and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet (aleph, mem, and tav: ). Sheqer (, falsehood), on the other hand, is made up of the 19th, 20th, and 21st (and penultimate) letters.

Thus, truth is all-encompassing, while falsehood is narrow and deceiving. In Jewish mythology it was the word emet that was carved into the head of the Golem which ultimately gave it life. But when the letter aleph was erased from the golem's forehead, what was left was "met"—dead. And so the golem died.

Ezekiel 9:4 depicts a vision in which the tav plays a Passover role similar to the blood on the lintel and doorposts of a Hebrew home in Egypt. In Ezekiel's vision, the Lord has his angels separate the demographic wheat from the chaff by going through Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Israel, and inscribing a mark, a tav, "upon the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof."

In Ezekiel's vision, then, the Lord is counting tav-marked Israelites as worthwhile to spare, but counts the people worthy of annihilation who lack the tav and the critical attitude it signifies. In other words, looking askance at a culture marked by dire moral decline is a kind of shibboleth for loyalty and zeal for God.

Sayings with taf

״מאל״ף עד תי״ו״, "From aleph to taf" describes something from beginning to end, the Hebrew equivalent of the English "From A to Z."

Syriac taw

In the Syriac alphabet, as in the Hebrew and Phoenician alphabets, taw () or tăw ( or ) is the final letter in the alphabet, most commonly representing the voiceless dental stop Template:IPAblink and fricative Template:IPAblink consonant pair, differentiated phonemically by hard and soft markings. When left as unmarked or marked with a qūššāyā dot above the letter indicating 'hard' pronunciation, it is realized as a plosive . When the phoneme is marked with a rūkkāḵā dot below the letter indicating 'soft' pronunciation, the phone is spirantized to a fricative . Hard taw (taw qšīṯā) is Romanized as a plain t, while the soft form of the letter (taw rakkīḵtā) is transliterated as Template:Transliteration or Template:Transliteration.

Template:Transliteration (classical)	Template:Transliteration (eastern)	Template:Transliteration (western)	Unicode character
File:Syriac Estrangela taw.svg	File:Syriac Eastern taw.svg	File:Syriac Serta taw.svg

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic	Template:Script/Arabic

See also

• Tav (number)