Demographics of Canada: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:15, 12 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:Too many charts Template:Infobox place demographics

Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure.^[1] It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40 million in 2023 and 41 million in 2024.^[2] Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth.^[3] The main driver of population growth is immigration,^[4]^[5] with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of temporary residents as of 2023,^[6] or about 2.5 million people.^[7] Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase.^[8]

Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world,^[9] driven mainly by economic policy and, to a lesser extent, family reunification.^[10]^[11] In 2021, a total of 405,330 immigrants were admitted to Canada. New immigrants to Canada settle mostly in major urban areas such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.^[12] Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees,^[13] accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements.^[14]^[15]

History

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Population

File:Population density per province by Canada gradient map (2021).svg

Population density of Canadian provinces and territories <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />

>25 people/km²

15–24.9 people/km²

10–14.9 people/km²

5–9.9 people/km²

1–4.9 people/km²

<1 people/km²

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The 2021 Canadian census had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population.^[1]^[16] A population estimate for 2024 put the total number of people in Canada at 41,012,563.^[17]^[18]

Provinces and territories

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Population distribution

The vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia.^[19]^[20]^[21]

Cities

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Census metropolitan areas

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Template:Largest Metropolitan Areas of Canada

Fertility rate

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The total fertility rate is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country.

In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement^[22]^[23] and since then has not rebounded.^[22]

Canada's fertility rate hit a record low of 1.25 children born per woman in 2024, maintaining its second year in a row with 'ultra-low fertility' (<1.30).^[24] In 2022, Canada also experienced the country's lowest absolute number of births in 17 years.^[25] From 2021 to 2022, Canada's TFR decreased by −7.4%, its largest drop in 50 years.^[26] The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022.^[18] Template:Sticky header

Years^[27]
1861	1862	1863	1864	1865	1866	1867	1868	1869	1870
5.72	5.63	5.54	5.44	5.35	5.26	5.17	5.07	4.98	4.89

1871	1872	1873	1874	1875	1876	1877	1878	1879	1880
4.83	4.77	4.75	4.72	4.7	4.68	4.65	4.63	4.6	4.53

1881	1882	1883	1884	1885	1886	1887	1888	1899	1890
4.56	4.52	4.49	4.45	4.42	4.38	4.35	4.31	4.27	4.24

1891	1892	1893	1894	1895	1896	1897	1898	1899	1900
4.2	4.19	4.17	4.15	4.13	4.11	4.1	4.08	4.06	4.04

1901	1902	1903	1904	1905	1906	1907	1908	1909	1910
4.02	4.03	4.03	4.03	4.03	4.04	4.04	4.04	4.04	4.05

1911	1912	1913	1914	1915	1916	1917	1918	1919	1920
4.05	4	3.95	3.89	3.84	3.79	3.74	3.68	3.63	3.58

1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929	1930
3.53	3.4	3.23	3.22	3.13	3.35	3.32	3.29	3.22	3.28

1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	1937	1938	1939	1940
3.19	3.08	2.86	2.8	2.75	2.69	2.64	2.7	2.65	2.76

1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950
2.82	2.96	3.04	3	3.01	3.37	3.59	3.44	3.45	3.45

1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2006	2011	2016	2021	-
3.81	2.11	1.65	1.67	1.52	1.6	1.63	1.58	1.46	–

Total fertility rates by provinces and territories

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2024^[28]
Province/Territory	TFR
Template:Country data Nunavut	2.34
Template:Country data Saskatchewan	1.58
Template:Country data Manitoba	1.50
Template:Country data Alberta	1.41
Template:Country data Northwest Territories	1.39
Template:Country data Quebec	1.34
Template:Country data New Brunswick	1.26
Template:Country data Canada	1.25
Template:Country data Ontario	1.21
Template:Country data Newfoundland and Labrador	1.12
Template:Country data Prince Edward Island	1.10
Template:Country data Nova Scotia	1.08
Template:Country data Yukon	1.08
Template:Country data British Columbia	1.02

Mother's mean age at first birth

Canada is among late-childbearing countries, with the average age of mothers at the first birth being 31.3 years in 2020.^[5] Template:Sticky header

Year
1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950	1951	1952	1953	1954	1955
25.2	25.1	24.9	24.7	24.6	24.5	24.3	24.2	24.2	24.1	24.1

1956	1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966
24	23.9	23.8	23.7	23.7	23.6	23.6	23.6	23.6	23.5	23.5

1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977
23.6	23.6	23.7	23.7	23.9	24	24.1	24.3	24.3	24.4	24.5

1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988
24.7	24.8	24.9	25	25.1	25.3	25.4	25.5	25.6	25.7	25.8

1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
25.8	25.9	25.9	26.1	26.3	26.2	26.3	26.5	26.7	26.8	27

2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
27.1	27.3	27.5	27.8	27.9	28	28	28.1	28.1	28.2	28.4

2011
28.5

Historical population

Template:Historical populations

Population projection

File:Can Provinces by Population Growth Rate.svg

Map of Canadian provinces and territories by population growth rate (2016–2021).<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />

< 4.0%

4.0%–7.0%

7.0%–10.0%

> 10.0%

population decline

According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/World Bank, the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the United States and 31.2% growth in Mexico. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the world population growth was 27%, a total of 1,423 million people.^[29] However, over the same period, the population of France grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011, the population of the UK increased by 10.0%.

The current population growth rate for Canada in 2022 was 0.75%.^[18]

Template:Historical populations

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Canada has consistently risen since the country's formation.

File:Life-expectancy, 1831 to 2023, CAN.svg

Life expectancy in Canada since 1831

File:Life expectancy by WBG -Canada -diff.png

Life expectancy in Canada since 1960 by gender

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Year^[30]

1831	1841	1851	1861	1871	1881	1891	1901	1911
39.0	40.3	41.0	41.6	42.6	44.7	45.2	48.6	52.5

1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929
57.0	57.0	56.9	58.8	59.2	57.2	58.6	58.4	57.9

1930	1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	1937	1938	1939
58.9	60.3	61.4	62.3	62.7	62.4	62.7	61.3	63.3	63.7

1940	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949
64.0	63.7	64.6	64.6	65.3	66.3	66.5	66.7	67.3	67.6

1950	1950–55	1955–60	1960–65	1965–70	1970–75	1975–80	1980–85	1985–90
68.2	69.1	70.3	71.3	72.2	73.0	74.3	75.9	76.8

1990–95	1995–2000	2000–2005	2005–2010	2010–2015	2015–2020
77.8	78.6	79.7	80.8	81.8	83.7

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2016)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 180th

male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

File:Population pyramid of Canada overtime from 1950 to 2020.gif

Population pyramid of Canada over time from 1950 to 2020

Age characteristics

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Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	17 264 200	17 887 530	35 151 730	100
0–4	973 030	925 760	1 898 790	5.40
5–9	1 034 685	983 445	2 018 130	5.74
10–14	985 200	937 445	1 922 645	5.47
15–19	1 039 215	986 940	2 026 160	5.76
20–24	1 144 495	1 098 200	2 242 695	6.38
25–29	1 144 475	1 141 515	2 285 990	6.50
30–34	1 148 290	1 181 105	2 329 400	6.63
35–39	1 118 635	1 169 730	2 288 365	6.51
40–44	1 104 445	1 150 690	2 255 135	6.42
45–49	1 157 755	1 202 205	2 359 965	6.71
50–54	1 318 755	1 359 320	2 678 070	7.62
55–59	1 285 190	1 335 050	2 620 240	7.45
60–64	1 114 880	1 175 630	2 290 510	6.52
65–69	953 070	1 019 405	1 972 475	5.61
70–74	677 975	742 900	1 420 875	4.04
75–79	469 550	552 305	1 021 850	2.91
80–84	325 760	423 885	749 645	2.13
85–89	185 535	296 985	482 525	1.37
90–94	68 675	154 835	223 505	0.64
95–99	13 245	43 280	56 525	0.16
100+	1 340	6 895	8 230	0.02
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	2 992 915	2 846 650	5 839 565	16.61
15–64	11 576 135	11 800 390	23 376 525	66.50
65+	2 695 150	3 240 490	5 935 640	16.89

Age structure^[18]

0–14 years: 15.99% (male 3,094,008/female 2,931,953)

15–24 years: 11.14% (male 2,167,013/female 2,032,064)

25–54 years: 39.81% (male 7,527,554/female 7,478,737)

55–64 years: 14.08% (male 2,624,474/female 2,682,858)

65 years and over: 18.98% (male 3,274,298/female 3,881,126) (2020 est.)

Median age

total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 40th

male: 40.6 years

female: 42.9 years (2020 est.)

Median age in 2011

total: 40.6 years

male: 39.6 years

female: 41.5 years (2011)

Median age by province and territory in 2011^[32]

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0–14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

25–54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

55–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est).

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 47.3

youth dependency ratio: 23.5

elderly dependency ratio: 23.8

potential support ratio: 4.2 (2015 est.)

Vital statistics

Source: ^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]

Notable events in Canadian demographics:

1947-1966 – Mid-20th century baby boom

	Average population (on July 1)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Birth rate (per 1,000)	Death rate (per 1,000)	Natural change (per 1,000)	Crude Migration change (per 1,000)	Total fertility rate Template:Efn^[22]^[18]
1900	5,500,000	150,000	89,000	61,000	27.2	16.2	11.0
1901	5,600,000	175,000	79,000	96,000	31.2	14.1	17.1	0.8
1902	5,760,000	180,000	77,000	103,000	31.3	13.4	17.9	9.9	4.8
1903	5,930,000	186,000	78,000	108,000	31.3	13.2	18.1	10.6
1904	6,100,000	192,000	82,000	110,000	31.4	13.5	17.9	10.0
1905	6,280,000	195,000	82,000	113,000	31.0	13.0	18.0	10.7
1906	6,460,000	193,000	85,000	108,000	29.9	13.2	16.7	11.2
1907	6,650,000	196,000	85,000	111,000	29.5	12.8	16.7	11.9	4.74
1908	6,850,000	208,000	86,000	122,000	30.3	12.6	17.7	11.5
1909	7,040,000	213,000	90,000	123,000	30.2	12.8	17.4	9.6
1910	7,250,000	220,000	95,000	125,000	30.4	13.1	17.3	11.7
1911	7,460,000	225,000	100,000	125,000	30.1	13.4	16.7	11.5	4.7
1912	7,610,000	238,000	99,000	139,000	31.3	13.0	19.3	0.4	4.62
1913	7,760,000	246,000	102,000	144,000	31.7	13.1	19.6	−0.3
1914	7,910,000	252,000	100,000	152,000	31.9	12.6	19.3	−0.3
1915	8,060,000	257,000	101,000	156,000	31.9	12.5	19.4	−0.8
1916	8,220,000	252,000	107,000	145,000	30.7	13.0	17.7	1.8
1917	8,380,000	244,000	106,000	138,000	29.1	12.7	16.4	2.7	4.26
1918	8,450,000	243,000	134,000	109,000	28.8	15.9	12.9	−4.6
1919	8,710,000	241,000	119,000	122,000	27.7	13.7	14.0	15.9
1920	8,880,000	259,000	118,000	141,000	29.2	13.3	15.9	3.2
1921	9,060,000	265,000	105,000	160,000	29.3	11.6	17.7	2.2	3.98
1922	9,230,000	261,000	107,000	154,000	28.3	11.6	16.7	1.7	3.86
1923	9,400,000	251,000	111,000	140,000	26.7	11.8	14.9	3.2
1924	9,560,000	255,000	104,000	151,000	26.7	10.9	15.8	0.9
1925	9,730,000	254,000	104,000	150,000	26.1	10.7	15.4	2.1
1926	9,890,000	244,000	113,000	131,000	24.7	11.4	13.3	2.9
1927	10,040,000	244,000	110,000	134,000	24.3	11.0	13.3	1.6	3.32
1928	10,190,000	246,000	114,000	132,000	24.1	11.2	12.9	1.8
1929	10,350,000	243,000	118,000	125,000	23.5	11.4	12.1	3.4	3.22
1930	10,498,000	251,000	113,000	138,000	23.9	10.8	13.1	1.0	3.28
1931	10,630,000	247,000	108,000	139,000	23.2	10.2	13.0	−0.6	3.2
1932	10,794,000	243,000	108,000	135,000	22.5	10.0	12.5	2.7	3.08
1933	10,919,000	229,000	106,000	123,000	21.0	9.7	11.3	0.1	2.86
1934	11,029,000	228,296	105,277	123,019	20.7	9.5	11.2	−1.2	2.8
1935	11,135,000	228,396	109,724	118,672	20.5	9.9	10.6	−1.1	2.76
1936	11,242,000	227,980	111,111	116,869	20.3	9.9	10.4	−0.9	2.70
1937	11,339,000	227,878	118,019	109,859	20.1	10.4	9.7	−1.1	2.65
1938	11,448,000	237,091	110,647	126,444	20.7	9.7	11.0	−1.5	2.70
1939	11,565,000	237,991	112,729	125,262	20.6	9.7	10.9	−0.8	2.65
1940	11,682,000	252,577	114,717	137,860	21.6	9.8	11.8	−1.8	2.77
1941	11,810,000	263,993	118,797	145,196	22.4	10.1	12.3	−1.5	2.83
1942	11,962,000	281,569	117,110	164,459	23.5	9.8	13.7	−1.0	2.96
1943	12,125,000	292,943	122,640	170,303	24.2	10.1	14.1	−0.7	3.04
1944	12,291,000	283,967	120,393	163,574	24.0	9.8	14.2	−0.7	3.01
1945	12,441,000	300,570	117,319	183,251	24.3	9.5	14.8	−2.7	3.02
1946	12,316,000	331,471	115,358	216,113	26.9	9.4	17.5	−27.6	3.37
1947	12,576,000	359,943	118,157	241,786	28.6	9.4	19.2	1.5	3.60
1948	12,852,000	348,226	119,866	228,360	27.1	9.3	17.8	3.7	3.44
1949	13,475,000	367,092	124,567	242,525	27.2	9.2	18.0	28.2	3.46
1950	13,737,000	372,009	124,220	247,789	27.1	9.0	18.0	1.1	3.46
1951	14,050,000	381,092	125,823	255,269	27.1	9.0	18.2	4.1	3.50
1952	14,496,000	403,559	126,385	277,174	27.8	8.7	19.1	11.7	3.64
1953	14,886,000	417,884	127,791	290,093	28.1	8.6	19.5	6.7	3.72
1954	15,330,000	436,198	124,855	311,343	28.5	8.1	20.3	8.7	3.83
1955	15,736,000	442,937	128,476	314,461	28.1	8.2	20.0	5.8	3.83
1956	16,123,000	450,739	131,961	318,778	28.0	8.2	19.8	4.2	3.86
1957	16,677,000	469,093	136,579	332,514	28.1	8.2	19.9	13.3	3.93
1958	17,120,000	470,118	135,201	334,917	27.5	7.9	19.6	6.3	3.88
1959	17,522,000	479,275	139,913	339,362	27.4	8.0	19.4	3.5	3.94
1960	17,909,000	478,551	139,693	338,858	26.7	7.8	18.9	2.7	3.895
1961	18,271,000	475,700	140,985	334,715	26.0	7.7	18.3	1.5	3.840
1962	18,614,000	469,693	143,699	325,994	25.2	7.7	17.5	0.9	3.767
1963	18,964,000	465,767	147,367	318,400	24.6	7.8	16.8	1.7	3.694
1964	19,325,000	452,915	145,850	307,065	23.4	7.5	15.9	2.8	3.449
1965	19,678,000	418,595	148,939	269,656	21.3	7.6	13.7	4.2	3.192
1966	20,048,000	387,710	149,863	237,847	19.3	7.5	11.9	6.6	2.749
1967	20,412,000	370,894	150,283	220,611	18.2	7.4	10.8	7.0	2.528
1968	20,729,000	364,310	153,196	211,114	17.6	7.4	10.2	5.1	2.386
1969	21,028,000	369,647	154,477	215,170	17.6	7.3	10.2	4.0	2.334
1970	21,324,000	371,988	155,961	216,027	17.4	7.3	10.1	3.8	2.258
1971	21,962,032	362,187	157,272	204,915	16.5	7.2	9.3	19.8	2.141
1972	22,218,463	347,319	162,413	184,906	15.6	7.3	8.3	3.2	1.98
1973	22,491,777	343,373	164,039	179,334	15.3	7.3	8.0	4.2	1.89
1974	22,807,969	350,650	166,794	183,856	15.4	7.3	8.1	5.8	1.837
1975	23,143,275	359,323	167,176	192,147	15.5	7.2	8.3	6.2	1.824
1976	23,449,808	359,987	167,009	192,978	15.4	7.1	8.2	4.9	1.796
1977	23,725,843	361,400	167,498	193,902	15.2	7.1	8.2	3.4	1.782
1978	23,963,203	358,852	168,179	190,673	15.0	7.0	8.0	1.9	1.768
1979	24,201,544	366,064	168,183	197,881	15.1	6.9	8.2	1.6	1.754
1980	24,515,667	370,709	171,473	199,236	15.1	7.0	8.1	4.7	1.74
1981	24,819,915	371,346	171,029	200,317	15.0	6.9	8.1	4.2	1.7
1982	25,116,942	373,082	174,413	198,669	14.9	6.9	7.9	3.9	1.69
1983	25,366,451	373,689	174,484	199,205	14.7	6.9	7.9	1.9	1.68
1984	25,607,053	377,031	175,727	201,304	14.7	6.9	7.9	1.5	1.65
1985	25,842,116	375,727	181,323	194,404	14.5	7.0	7.5	1.6	1.67
1986	26,100,278	372,913	184,224	188,689	14.3	7.1	7.2	2.7	1.675
1987	26,446,601	369,742	184,953	184,789	14.0	7.0	7.0	6.1	1.68
1988	26,791,747	376,795	190,011	186,784	14.1	7.1	7.0	5.9	1.68
1989	27,276,781	392,661	190,965	201,696	14.4	7.0	7.4	10.4	1.77
1990	27,691,138	405,486	191,973	213,513	14.6	6.9	7.7	7.3	1.83
1991	28,037,420	403,816	195,569	208,247	14.4	7.0	7.4	5.0	1.72
1992	28,371,264	399,109	196,535	202,574	14.1	6.9	7.1	4.7	1.71
1993	28,684,764	389,037	204,912	184,125	13.5	7.1	6.4	4.5	1.68
1994	29,000,663	386,243	207,077	179,166	13.3	7.1	6.1	4.8	1.69
1995	29,302,311	378,685	210,733	167,952	12.9	7.2	5.7	4.6	1.67
1996	29,610,218	366,833	212,880	153,953	12.4	7.2	5.2	5.2	1.63
1997	29,905,948	349,543	215,669	133,874	11.7	7.2	4.4	5.5	1.57
1998	30,155,173	342,966	218,091	124,875	11.4	7.2	4.1	4.2	1.56
1999	30,401,286	337,821	219,530	118,291	11.1	7.2	3.9	4.2	1.54
2000	30,685,730	328,596	218,062	110,534	10.7	7.1	3.6	5.7	1.51
2001	31,020,902	334,615	219,538	115,077	10.8	7.1	3.7	7.1	1.54
2002	31,360,079	329,894	223,603	106,291	10.5	7.1	3.4	7.4	1.51
2003	31,644,028	336,352	226,169	110,183	10.6	7.1	3.4	5.6	1.54
2004	31,940,655	339,012	226,584	112,428	10.6	7.1	3.5	5.8	1.55
2005	32,243,753	345,365	230,132	115,233	10.6	7.1	3.5	5.9	1.57
2006	32,571,174	357,921	228,079	129,842	10.9	7.0	3.9	6.2	1.61
2007	32,888,886	370,369	235,217	135,152	11.2	7.2	4.0	5.7	1.66
2008	33,247,298	381,860	238,617	143,243	11.4	7.2	4.2	6.6	1.69
2009	33,630,069	384,651	238,418	146,233	11.3	7.1	4.2	7.2	1.68
2010	34,005,905	379,191	240,075	139,116	11.1	7.1	4.0	7.1	1.64
2011	34,339,221	379,244	243,511	135,733	11.0	7.1	3.9	5.9	1.62
2012	34,713,395	383,101	246,596	136,505	11.0	7.1	3.9	7.0	1.62
2013	35,080,992	381,054	252,338	128,716	10.8	7.2	3.6	7.0	1.60
2014	35,434,066	384,577	258,821	125,756	10.8	7.3	3.5	6.5	1.61
2015	35,704,498	382,979	264,333	118,646	10.7	7.4	3.3	4.1	1.60
2016	36,110,803	384,023	267,213	116,810	10.6	7.4	3.2	8.1	1.59
2017	36,545,075	377,627	278,298	99,329	10.3	7.6	2.7	9.2	1.54
2018	37,072,620	374,617	285,675	88,942	10.1	7.7	2.4	12.0	1.50
2019	37,618,495	372,978	285,270	87,708	9.9	7.6	2.3	12.4	1.47
2020	38,028,638	361,582	307,205	54,377	9.4	8.1	1.3	9.4	1.41
2021	38,239,864	372,564	311,942	60,622	9.5	8.0	1.5	4.2	1.44
2022	38,950,132	355,134	326,483	28,651	9.1	8.4	0.6	17.6	1.33
2023	40,049,088	352,644	337,708	14,936	8.8	8.4	0.4	29.0	1.27
2024	40,990,297	365,737	345,829	18,757	8.9	8.4	0.5	28.4	1.27

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Current vital statistics


Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January–June 2024	179,879	165,538	+14,341
January–June 2025	183,065	168,678	+14,387
Difference	Increase +3,186 (+1.8%)	Template:Increasenegative +3,140 (+1.9%)	Steady +46
Source:^[37]Template:Sticky header

Note: all numbers in this table are provisional. While data for at least two years ago may be final, newer data for recent days are subject to change in the future. For example, as of September 25, 2024, The numbers are final up to December 2021, updated from January 2022 to March 2024 and preliminary from April 2024.

Employment

Canadian Unemployment Rates, June 2025
Age		Unemployment Rate
15-24	14.2%
25-54	5.8%
55+	4.5%
Total (15+)	6.9%

Unemployment Rates, June 2025^[38]
Age Group	Percent Unemployed
Youth (15–24)	14.2%
Core-age (25–54)	5.8%
55+	5.4%
Total (15+)	6.9%

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 (2020 est.)

total: 20.2%

male: 20.9%

female: 19.4%

Ethnicity and visible minorities

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Canadians as ethnic group by province

All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by Canada's nationality laws. "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire.^[39] The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer self-identify directly with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude of reasons such as generational distance from ancestral lineage, intermarriage with variety of ethnic groups, and loss of ancestral language.^[40]^[41] Template:Sticky header

Province / Territory	Percent Canadians	Total Canadians
Alberta	22.7%	902,310
British Columbia	19.0%	866,530
Manitoba	18.2%	232,660
New Brunswick	57.8%	415,810
Newfoundland and Labrador	43.4%	271,345
Nova Scotia	42.6%	387,360
Ontario	23.5%	3,109,770
Prince Edward Island	45.0%	60,000
Quebec	60.1%	4,474,115
Saskatchewan	25.0%	274,580
Canada total	32.3%	11,136,134

Ethnic origin

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File:Canada demographics over time.gif

Canada visible minority, aboriginal and Caucasian (assumed for 1981 to 2016) population as a percentage of the total population over time

File:Visible minorities over time in Canada including projections.svg

Visible minorities over time including projections

File:Largest Pan-Ethnic Group In Canada (2021 Census).jpg

Population distribution of largest pan-ethnic group in Canada by census division, 2021 Census

File:Visible minorities population pyramid 2016.svg

Visible minorities as a population pyramid in total in 2016

According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians.^[42] The major panethnic groups chosen were; European (Script error: No such module "Percentage".), North American (Script error: No such module "Percentage".), Asian (Script error: No such module "Percentage".), North American Indigenous (Script error: No such module "Percentage".), African (Script error: No such module "Percentage".), Latin, Central and South American (Script error: No such module "Percentage".), Caribbean (Script error: No such module "Percentage".), Oceanian (Script error: No such module "Percentage".), and Other (Script error: No such module "Percentage".).^[42]^[43] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.^[42]Template:Efn

The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian Template:Efn (accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by English (14.7 percent), Irish (12.1 percent), Scottish (12.1 percent), French (11.0 percent), German (8.1 percent), Indian (5.1 percent),Template:Efn Chinese (4.7 percent), Italian (4.3 percent), and Ukrainian (3.5 percent).^[44]

Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being "White", representing 69.8 percent of the population.^[45]^[46]^[47] The Indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021.^[48] One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,^[47]Template:Efn the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent).^[46]

As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.

Data from this section from Statistics Canada, 2021.^[49]

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Ethnic origin^[50]	%	Population
Canadian Template:Efn	15.6%	5,677,205
English	14.7%	5,322,830
Irish	12.1%	4,413,120
Scottish	12.1%	4,392,200
French	11.0%	3,985,945
German	8.1%	2,955,695
Indian Template:Efn	5.1%	1,855,415
Chinese	4.7%	1,713,870
Italian	4.3%	1,546,390
Ukrainian	3.5%	1,258,635
Dutch	2.7%	988,585
Polish	2.7%	982,820
Québécois	2.7%	981,635
British Isles, n.o.s.	2.6%	981,635
Filipino	2.5%	925,490
French Canadian	2.5%	906,315
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.	1.9%	691,260
First Nations, n.o.s.	1.7%	632,340
Métis	1.5%	560,335
European, n.o.s.	1.5%	551,910

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows in 2006^[51] (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

Quebec (7,723,525): Canadian (59.1%), French (29.1%)
New Brunswick (735,835): Canadian (50.3%), French (27.2%), English (25.9%), Irish (21.6%), Scottish (19.9%)
Newfoundland and Labrador (507,265): Canadian (49.0%), English (43.4%), Irish (21.8%)
Nova Scotia (906,170): Canadian (39.1%), Scottish (31.2%), English (30.8%), Irish (22.3%), French (17.0%), German (10.8%)
Prince Edward Island (137,375): Scottish (39.3%), Canadian (36.8%), English (31.1%), Irish (30.4%), French (21.1%)
Ontario (12,651,795): Canadian (23.3%), English (23.1%), Scottish (16.4%), Irish (16.4%), French (10.8%)
Alberta (3,567,980): English (24.9%), Canadian (21.8%), German (19.2%), Scottish (18.8%), Irish (15.8%), French (11.1%)
Manitoba (1,174,345): English (21.8%), German (18.6%), Canadian (18.5%), Scottish (18.0%), Ukrainian (14.9%), Irish (13.2%), French (12.6%), North American Indian (10.6%)
Saskatchewan (1,008,760): German (28.6%), English (24.9%), Scottish (18.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Irish (15.5%), Ukrainian (13.5%), French (12.2%), North American Indian (12.1%)
British Columbia (4,324,455): English (27.7%), Scottish (19.3%), Canadian (19.1%), German (13.1%), Chinese (10.7%)
Yukon (33,320): English (28.5%), Scottish (25.0%), Irish (22.0%), North American Indian (21.8%), Canadian (21.8%), German (15.6%), French (13.1%)
Northwest Territories (40,800): North American Indian (37.0%), Scottish (13.9%), English (13.7%), Canadian (12.8%), Irish (11.9%), Inuit (11.7%)
Nunavut (31,700): Inuit (85.4%)

Italics indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has the highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces.

Visible minority population

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Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 1981–1996
Group	1981 census ^[52]^[53]^[54]Template:Rp		1986 census ^[53]^[54]Template:Rp^[55]Template:Rp		1991 census ^[53]^[56]Template:Rp^[55]Template:Rp		1996 census^[57]^[58]
Group	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%
Visible minority	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
South Asian	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Chinese (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Black	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Filipino	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Latin American	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Arab/West Asian	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Southeast Asian (except Filipino)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Korean (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Japanese (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Multiple visible minorities	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Visible minority, n.i.e.	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Other	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts		Template:Nts
Not a visible minority	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Indigenous (see breakdown below)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Non-Indigenous & Non-Visible Minority (European/White)Template:Refn	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total population in private households	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".

Note: Indigenous population decline between 1991 and 1996 censuses attributed to change in criteria in census count; "the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples used a more restrictive definition of Aboriginal".^[59]

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Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 2001–2021
Group	2001 census^[60]		2006 census^[61]		2011 survey^[62]		2016 census^[63]		2021 census^[64]^[47]^[42]
Group	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%
Visible minority	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
South Asian	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Chinese (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Black	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Filipino	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Arab	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Latin American	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Southeast Asian (except Filipino)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
West Asian	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Korean (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Japanese (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Multiple visible minorities	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Visible minority, n.i.e.	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Not a visible minority	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Indigenous (see breakdown below)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Non-Indigenous & Non-Visible Minority (European/White)Template:Refn	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total population in private households	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".

Indigenous population

Template:Sticky header

Indigenous population in Canada, 1996–2021 censuses
Group	1996^[57]		2001^[60]		2006^[61]		2011^[62]		2016^[65]		2021^[66]
Group	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total
Total Indigenous	2.8%	799,005	3.3%	976,305	3.8%	1,172,785	4.3%	1,400,685	4.9%	1,673,780	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,807,250
First Nations	1.8%	529,040	2.1%	608,850	2.2%	698,025	2.6%	851,560	2.8%	977,230	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,048,405
Métis	0.7%	204,115	1.0%	292,305	1.2%	389,780	1.4%	451,795	1.7%	587,545	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	624,220
Inuit	0.14%	40,220			0.16%	50,485	0.2%	59,445	0.2%	65,025	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	70,540

Note: Other Indigenous and mixed Indigenous groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Indigenous

Future projections

Statistics Canada projects that visible minorities will make up between 38.2% and 43.0% of the total Canadian population by 2041,^[67]^[68] compared with 26.5% in 2021.^[69]^[47] Among the working-age population (15 to 64 years), meanwhile, visible minorities are projected to represent between 42.1% and 47.3% of Canada's total population,^[67]^[68] compared to 28.5% in 2021.^[69]^[47]

Template:Pie chart

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Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2031−2041)
	2031^[68]^[70]		2036^[68]^[70]		2041^[68]^[70]
	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%
European Template:Refn	26,085,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	25,749,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	25,296,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
South Asian	4,283,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,010,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,658,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
East Asian	3,120,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,445,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,740,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
ChineseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	2,591,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	2,850,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	3,082,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
KoreanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	381,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	433,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	484,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
JapaneseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	148,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	162,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	174,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
African	2,381,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,762,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,134,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Indigenous	2,484,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,673,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,848,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
First NationsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,430,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,535,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,633,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
MetisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	911,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	986,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,054,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
InuitScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	84,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	90,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	96,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Other IndigenousScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	59,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	62,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	65,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Southeast Asian	2,009,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,324,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,640,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
FilipinoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,524,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,789,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	2,059,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Other Southeast AsianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	485,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	535,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	581,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Middle Eastern	1,801,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,141,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,475,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
ArabScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,182,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,403,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	1,625,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
West AsianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	619,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	738,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	850,000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Latin American	821,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	931,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,036,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Other	644,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	742,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	841,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Canada.svg Projected Canadian Population	43,629,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	45,776,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	47,668,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".

Languages

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Knowledge of language

Top ten spoken languages in Canada 2021 censusTemplate:Efn
Language			Percent
English			87.06%
French			29.08%
Chinese Template:Efn			4.21%
Hindustani Template:Efn			3.24%
Spanish			3.22%
Punjabi			2.59%
Arabic			2.31%
Tagalog			2.03%
Italian			1.51%
German			1.15%

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses, and first appeared on the 1991 Canadian census.Template:Efn The following figures are from the 1991 Canadian census, 2001 Canadian census, 2011 Canadian census, and the 2021 Canadian census.

Knowledge of Languages in Canada
Language	2021^[71]		2011^[72]		2001^[73]^[74]		1991^[75]
Language	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
English	31,628,570	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	28,360,235^[76]	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	25,246,220^[77]	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	22,505,415	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
French	10,563,235	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,960,585^[76]	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,178,100^[77]	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,508,960	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Chinese Template:Efn	1,528,860	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,297,505	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,028,445	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	557,305	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Hindustani Template:Efn	1,176,295	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	576,165	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	366,740	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	163,930	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Spanish	1,171,450	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	873,395	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	610,580	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	402,430	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Punjabi	942,170	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	545,730	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	338,720	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	167,925	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Arabic	838,045	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	470,965	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	290,280	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	164,380	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Tagalog	737,565	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	491,075	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	244,690	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	136,975	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Italian	547,655	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	595,600	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	680,970	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	701,910	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
German	419,195	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	525,480	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	635,520	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	684,955	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Portuguese	336,865	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	266,950	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	264,990	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	254,465	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Persian Template:Efn	330,725	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	196,110	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	111,700	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	49,380	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Russian	309,235	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	230,755	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	157,455	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	84,050	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Tamil	237,890	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	179,465	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	111,580	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	37,330	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Vietnamese	232,800	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	192,070	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	165,645	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	113,115	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Gujarati	209,410	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	118,950	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	80,835	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	54,210	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Polish	204,460	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	217,735	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	249,695	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	239,575	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Korean	203,885	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	149,035	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	91,610	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	40,230	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Serbo-Croatian Template:Efn	155,775	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	154,700	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	153,085	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	100,541	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Greek	145,060	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	150,620	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	158,800	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	161,320	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Haitian Creole	134,895	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	128,555	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	76,140	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	49,970	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Ukrainian	131,655	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	144,260	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	200,520	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	249,535	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Bengali	120,605	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	69,490	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	34,650	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	N/A	<0.1%
Romanian	116,520	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	97,180	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	60,520	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	30,520	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Dutch	107,985	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	135,085	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	157,875	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	173,290	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Cree Template:Efn	105,850	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	96,690	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	97,200	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	93,825	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Japanese	98,070	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	74,690	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	65,030	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	45,370	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Hebrew	83,205	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	70,695	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	63,675	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	52,450	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Turkish	78,500	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	44,080	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	32,520	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	N/A	<0.1%
Malayalam	77,910	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	22,125	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,185	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	N/A	<0.1%
Hungarian	64,625	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	73,695	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	89,230	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	97,410	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Ilocano	61,680	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	21,880	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	N/A	<0.03%	N/A	<0.1%
Somali	59,005	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	37,115	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	N/A	<0.03%	N/A	<0.1%
Swahili	57,295	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	31,690	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	25,300	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	N/A	<0.1%
Telugu	54,685	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	12,645	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	N/A	<0.03%	N/A	<0.1%
Armenian	44,500	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	36,235	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	32,900	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	20,515	Script error: No such module "Percentage".

Template:Reflist

Mother tongue

Languages in Canada (Mother Tongue) 2016 Census
Language			Percent
English			55.97%
Non-official			21.06%
French			20.61%
English and French			0.48%

Languages of Canada
First language	2016		2011		2006
First language	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Notes
Single language responses	33,947,610	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	32,481,635	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	30,848,270	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Official languages	26,627,545	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	25,913,955	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	24,700,425	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
English	19,460,855	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	18,858,980	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	17,882,775	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
French	7,166,700	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,054,975	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,817,650	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Non-official languages	7,321,070	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,567,680	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,147,840	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Combined Chinese Responses	1,227,680	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Combined responses of Mandarin, Cantonese, Chinese n.o.s. and Min Nan
Mandarin (Standard Chinese)	592,035	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	248,705	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	170,950	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Cantonese	565,275	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	372,460	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	361,450	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Punjabi	501,680	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	430,705	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	367,505	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Spanish	458,850	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	410,670	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	345,345	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Tagalog (Filipino)	431,385	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	327,445	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	235,615	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Arabic	419,895	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	327,870	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	261,640	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
German	384,040	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	409,200	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	450,570	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Italian	375,645	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	407,485	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	455,040	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Hindustani	321,465	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	263,345	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	224,045	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Combined responses of Hindi and Urdu
Portuguese	221,535	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	211,335	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	219,275	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	170,045	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	134,080	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Urdu	210,820	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	172,800	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	145,805	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Dravidian languages	189,405	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Combined responses of Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada.
Russian	188,255	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	164,330	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	133,580	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Polish	181,705	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	191,645	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	211,175	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Vietnamese	156,430	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	144,880	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	141,625	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Korean	153,425	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	137,925	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	125,570	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Tamil	140,720	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	131,265	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	115,880	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Most of the Canadian Tamils live in Toronto.
Hindi	110,645	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	90,545	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	78,240	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Gujarati	108,775	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	91,450	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	81,465	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Greek	106,520	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	108,925	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	117,285	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Ukrainian	102,485	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	111,540	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	134,500	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Dutch	99,015	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	110,490	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	128,900	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Romanian	96,660	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	90,300	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	78,495	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Bengali	73,125	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	59,370	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	45,685	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Creoles	72,130	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	61,725	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	53,515	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Cree, n.o.s.Template:Refn	64,045	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	77,900	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	78,855	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.
Hungarian	61,235	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	67,920	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	73,335	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	The majority of Hungarian speakers in Canada live in Ontario. A community of Hungarian speakers is found within a part of Windsor, Ontario.
Berber languages (Kabyle)	n/a	n/a	57,855	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	25,578	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Serbian	57,345	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	56,420	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	51,665	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Croatian	48,200	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	49,730	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	55,330	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Japanese	43,640	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	39,985	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	40,200	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Chinese, n.o.s.Template:Refn	38,575	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	425,210	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	456,705	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Somali	36,760	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	31,380	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	27,320	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Inuktitut	35,215	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	33,500	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	32,015	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.Template:Refn
Armenian	33,455	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	29,795	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	30,130	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Turkish	32,815	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	29,640	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	24,745	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Malayalam	28,570	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	16,080	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	11,925	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Albanian	26,895	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	23,820	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Ilocano	26,345	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	17,915	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	13,450	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Amharic	22,465	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	18,020	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	14,555	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Czech	22,295	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	23,585	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	24,450	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	19,440	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	19,105	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Bulgarian	20,020	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	19,050	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	16,790	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Hebrew	19,530	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	18,450	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	17,635	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	19,140	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	14,075	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Nepali	18,275	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,480	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Ojibway	17,885	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	17,625	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	24,190	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Slovak	17,585	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	17,580	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	18,820	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Pashto	16,910	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	12,465	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,025	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Macedonian	16,770	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	17,245	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	18,435	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Tigrigna	16,650	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,220	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,105	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Sinhala	16,335	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	14,185	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,180	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Bisayan languages	n/a	n/a	16,240	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	11,240	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Telugu	15,655	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,315	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,625	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Finnish	15,295	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	17,415	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	21,030	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Yiddish	13,555	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	15,205	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	16,295	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Akan (Twi)	13,460	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	12,680	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	12,780	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Swahili	13,375	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,090	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,935	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,920	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Oji-Cree	12,855	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,835	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	11,690	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Lao	12,670	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	12,970	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	13,940	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Danish	12,630	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	14,145	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	18,735	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Malay	12,275	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,910	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,490	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Bosnian	12,210	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	11,685	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	12,790	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Sindhi	11,860	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	11,330	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,355	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Kurdish	11,705	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,805	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,660	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Hakka	10,910	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,115	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Dene	10,700	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	11,215	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,745	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Afrikaans	10,260	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,770	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,785	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,975	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.
Slovenian	9,785	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,775	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	13,135	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Taiwanese	n/a	n/a	9,635	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	9,620	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,155	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	12,510	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
African languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	n/a	n/a	9,125	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Thai	9,255	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,935	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Marathi	8,295	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,830	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Bantu languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	n/a	n/a	7,150	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Lithuanian	7,075	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,245	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,335	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Swedish	6,840	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,350	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,220	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Mi'kmaq	6,690	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,635	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,365	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Tibetan	6,165	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Atikamekw	6,150	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,820	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,250	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Canadian Gaelic	n/a	n/a	6,015	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,015	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Fukien (Fuzhou dialect)	n/a	n/a	5,925	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,975	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Maltese	5,565	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,220	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,405	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Estonian	5,445	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,385	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,240	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Latvian	5,455	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,200	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,000	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,895	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	5,180	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,255	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Oromo	4,960	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	11,140	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Norwegian	4,615	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,800	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,225	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Tibetan languages	n/a	n/a	4,640	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	n/a	n/a	4,360	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Sign languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	4,125	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,815	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	4,690	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,660	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Lingala	3,810	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,085	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Burmese	3,585	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,985	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Stoney	3,025	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,050	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Shanghainese	n/a	n/a	2,920	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Blackfoot	2,815	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	3,085	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Slavic languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	2,420	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,630	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Semitic languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	2,155	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	16,970	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	n/a	n/a
Frisian	2,095	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	2,890	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	2,020	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	1,405	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	1,265	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	5,585	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Algonquin	1,260	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,920	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Scottish Gaelic	1,095	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Welsh	1,075	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Carrier	1,030	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,560	<0.01%
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,020	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	365	<0.01%
Mohawk	985	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	290	<0.01%
South Slavey	950	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,605	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,180	<0.01%
North Slave (Hare)	765	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,065	<0.01%
Chilcotin	655	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,070	<0.01%
Celtic languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	530	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Chipewyan	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	525	<0.01%
Michif	465	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	935	<0.01%
Nisga'a	400	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	680	<0.01%
Malecite	300	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	535	<0.01%
Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux)	260	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	360	<0.01%
Tlingit	95	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	80	<0.01%
Other languages	n/a	n/a	77,890	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	172,650	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Multiple language responses	818,640	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	639,540	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	392,760	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
English and French	165,335	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	144,685	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	98,630	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
English and a non-official language	533,260	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	396,330	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	240,005	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
French and a non-official language	86,145	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	74,430	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	43,335	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
English, French, and a non-official language	33,900	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	24,095	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10,790	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total^[78]^[79]^[80]	34,767,250	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	33,121,175	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	31,241,030	Script error: No such module "Percentage".

Template:Reflist

Work

Language used most often at work
Language	% of total population (2016)^[81]	% of total population (2006)^[82]
English	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
French	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Non-official	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
English and French	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
English and non-official	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
OtherTemplate:Efn	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".

Home

Language used most often at home
Language	% of total population (2016)^[83]	% of total population (2006)^[84]
English	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
French	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Non-official	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
English and non-official	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
English and French	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
OtherTemplate:Efn	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	Script error: No such module "Percentage".

Immigration

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". According to the 2021 Canadian census, immigrants in Canada number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23 percent of Canada's total population.^[69] This represents the eighth-largest immigrant population in the world, while the proportion represents one of the highest ratios for industrialized Western countries.^[85]

Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Punjabis and Muhajirs from Pakistan, both Turks and Kurds from Turkey and both Sinhalese and Tamil from Sri Lanka. Immigrants from Iran are divided into Mazandaranians, Armenians, Azeris, Persians, Kurds, Gilaks and Lurs.^[86]

Since confederation in 1867 through to the contemporary era, decadal and demi-decadal census reports have detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population,^[87]^[88] while the greatest number of foreign-born individuals admitted to Canada in single year occurred in 2021, with 405,330 new immigrants accounting for 1.1 percent of the total population.

Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 29.1% and 34.0% of Canada's population in 2041, compared with 23.0% in 2021,^[89] while the Canadian population with at least one foreign born parent (first and second generation persons) could rise to between 49.8% and 54.3%, up from 44.0% in 2021.^[47]^[67]^[68]

Canada Immigration Statistics
Year	Immigrant percentage	Immigrant population	Total responses	Total population	Source(s)
1851Template:Efn	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	535,153	2,036,065	2,312,919	^[90]Template:Rp
1861Template:Efn	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	677,967	3,090,561	3,090,561	^[90]Template:Rp
1871Template:Efn	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	593,403	3,485,761	3,485,761	^[91]^[92]^[93]Template:Rp^[94]Template:Rp
1881	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	602,984	4,324,810	4,324,810	^[91]^[92]^[95]
1891	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	643,871	4,833,239	4,833,239	^[91]^[92]^[95]
1901	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	699,500	5,371,315	5,371,315	^[91]^[92]^[95]
1911	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,586,961	7,206,643	7,206,643	^[91]^[92]^[95]
1921	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,955,736	8,787,949	8,787,949	^[91]^[92]^[95]^[96]
1931	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,307,525	10,374,196	10,374,196	^[91]^[92]^[96]
1941	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,018,847	11,506,655	11,506,655	^[91]^[92]^[96]
1951	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,059,911	14,009,429	14,009,429	^[91]^[92]^[96]
1961	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,844,263	18,238,247	18,238,247	^[91]^[92]^[96]
1971	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,295,535	21,568,310	21,568,311	^[91]^[92]^[96]
1981	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,843,335	24,083,495	24,343,181	^[91]
1986	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	3,908,150	25,022,005	25,309,331	^[91]
1991	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	4,342,890	26,994,045	27,296,859	^[91]
1996	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	4,971,070	28,528,125	28,846,761	^[91]
2001	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,448,480	29,639,030	30,007,094	^[91]
2006	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,186,950	31,241,030	31,612,897	^[91]
2011	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,775,765	32,852,325	33,476,688	^[91]
2016	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	7,540,830	34,460,060	35,151,728	^[91]
2021	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,361,505	36,328,475	36,991,981	^[91]

Migration data

Canada Net migration, 1952–1971
Year	Immigration	Emigration	Net Migration
1952	164,498	60,559	106,939
1953	168,868	57,975	110,893
1954	154,227	57,150	97,077
1955	109,946	61,893	48,053
1956	164,857	68,753	96,104
1957	282,164	74,383	207,781
1958	124,851	61,681	63,170
1959	106,928	69,189	37,739
1960	104,111	75,596	28,515
1961	71,689	72,305	−616
1962	74,586	76,740	−2,154
1963	93,151	83,563	9,588
1964	112,606	92,430	20,176
1965	146,758	105,307	41,451
1966	194,743	91,489	103,254
1967	222,876	108,462	114,414
1968	183,974	100,036	83,938
1969	161,531	90,089	71,495
1970	147,713	80,961	66,752
1971	121,162	70,097	51,065

Canada Net migration, 1972–2019
Year	Immigration	Emigration	Net migration	Net non-permanent migration	Total net migration
1972	122,006	26,175	95,831	2,975	98,806
1973	184,200	40,714	143,486	7,928	151,414
1974	218,465	42,020	176,445	1,977	178,422
1975	187,881	34,280	153,601	7,931	161,532
1976	146,429	28,292	118,137	−2,969	115,168
1977	117,914	29,106	88,808	−1,982	86,826
1978	86,313	31,692	54,621	−2,970	51,651
1979	112,036	24,492	87,544	7,930	95,474
1980	143,498	17,623	125,875	14,869	140,744
1981	128,794	24,604	104,190	30,281	134,471
1982	121,331	31,054	90,277	−3,727	86,550
1983	89,377	31,803	57,574	4,369	61,943
1984	88,599	29,064	59,535	−349	59,186
1985	84,339	26,864	57,474	10,981	68,455
1986	97,343	30,232	67,111	46,537	113,648
1987	152,031	28,865	123,166	40,899	164,065
1988	161,534	24,534	137,000	108,917	245,917
1989	191,516	26,706	164,810	67,356	232,166
1990	216,424	25,011	191,413	−10,951	180,462
1991	232,776	43,396	189,380	−54,661	134,719
1992	254,856	48,721	206,135	−31,933	174,202
1993	256,754	50,657	206,097	−63,292	142,805
1994	224,395	55,682	168,713	−16,500	152,213
1995	212,875	51,252	151,623	169	151,792
1996	226,061	49,841	176,220	−9,667	166,553
1997	216,034	62,803	153,231	791	154,022
1998	174,184	57,842	116,342	921	117,263
1999	189,971	54,387	135,584	22,431	158,015
2000	227,429	57,109	170,330	28,433	198,763
2001	250,638	59,391	191,247	47,286	238,533
2002	229,049	45,682	183,367	29,133	212,500
2003	221,349	49,876	171,473	22,943	194,416
2004	235,859	55,085	180,774	14,225	194,999
2005	262,246	52,436	209,810	3,159	212,969
2006	251,649	47,890	203,759	12,741	216,500
2007	236,763	51,455	185,308	43,958	229,266
2008	247,262	52,678	194,584	71,669	266,253
2009	252,218	41,131	211,087	55,977	267,064
2010	280,739	42,187	238,552	31,927	270,479
2011	248,735	50,932	197,803	42,802	240,605
2012	257,825	50,426	207,399	46,207	253,606
2013	259,046	26,608	232,438	52,984	285,422
2014	260,308	54,956	205,352	16,970	222,322
2015	271,867	56,566	215,301	−9,330	205,971
2016	296,385	56,772	239,613	88,722	328,335
2017	286,537	43,832	242,705	138,034	380,739
2018	321,054	37,915	283,139	154,917	438,056
2019	341,174	35,791	305,383	189,781	495,164

Canada Net migration 2020–present
Year	Immigration	Emigration	Net Migration	Non-permanent Resident Inflow	Non-permanent Resident Outflow	Net Non-permanent Resident	Total Net Migration
2020	184,594	19,235	165,359	–	–	−96,066	69,293
2021	406,046	39,161	366,885	–	–	77,052	443,937
2022	437,612	47,991	389,621	960,266	408,722	551,544	941,165
2023	471,871	48,709	423,162	1,289,173	468,407	820,766	1,243,928
2024	483,591	50,170	433,421	1,036,471	745,306	291,165	724,586

^[97]

Religion

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Pie chart In 2021, 53.3% of Canadians were Christians,^[98] down from 67.3% in 2011.^[99] 29.9% were Catholic while 11.4% were Protestant (all other listed denominations excluding Christian Orthodox, Latter Day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses). 7.6% were Christian not otherwise specified, 2.1% were "other Christian and Christian-related traditions", 1.7% were Christian Orthodox, 0.4% were Jehovah's Witnesses and 0.2% were Latter Day Saints adherents.

34.6% of Canadians were non-religious or secular, up from 23.9% in 2011. Of the non-Christian religions listed, 4.9% of Canadians were Muslim (3.2% in 2011), 2.3% were Hindu (1.5% in 2011), 2.1% were Sikh (1.4% in 2011), 1.0% were Buddhist (1.1% in 2011), 0.9% were Jewish (1.0% in 2011), 0.2% were believers of traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality (same as 2011), and 0.6% were believers of other religions and spiritual traditions (0.4% in 2011).

Religion status of the Canadian Population in 2021^[98]
Religion	Total	Percent
Christian	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Roman Catholic	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Christian n.o.s.	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
United Church	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Anglican	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Christian Orthodox	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Baptist	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Lutheran	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Presbyterian	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Anabaptist	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Jehovah's Witness	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Latter Day Saints	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Reformed	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Muslim	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Hindu	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Sikh	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Buddhist	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Jewish	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Traditional (North American Indigenous) Spirituality	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Other religions and spiritual traditions	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".
No religion and secular perspectives	Template:Nts	Script error: No such module "Percentage".

File:Canadian religious affiliation in 2021.png

A map of Canada by province and territory showing the distribution of the population by religious affiliation in 2021

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Canada Year Book (2010) – Statistics Canada
Population estimates and projections, 2010 – 2036 – Statistics Canada
Canada's population clock

Template:Navboxes

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↑ ^a ^b Statistics Canada, Population by Aboriginal Groups and Sex, Showing Age Groups, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)
↑ Statistics Canada, Total Population by Visible Minority Population, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)
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↑ ^a ^b Statistics Canada Template:Webarchive, Community Highlights for Canada
↑ ^a ^b Statistics Canada Template:Webarchive, 2006 Community Profiles: Canada (Country)
↑ ^a ^b Statistics Canada, NHS Profile, Canada, 2011
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↑ Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages, 2006 Census of Canada Template:Webarchive
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↑ Statistics Canada – Language used at work1 by frequency of language used at work and mother tongue, 2006 counts
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↑ The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Pison, Gilles. 2019 February. "The number and proportion of immigrants in the population: International comparisons." Population & Societies 563. France: Institut National D'études Démographiques.
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[27] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[28] Fertility indicators, provinces and territories: Interactive dashboard

[IEApop2011-29] CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Template:Webarchive Population 1971–2008 (pdf Template:Webarchive pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57 Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:0-30] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[31] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[32] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[33] B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: the Americas, 1750–2000.

[34] [1] United nations. Demographic Yearbooks

[35] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[36] Population estimates on July 1, by age and gender, Statistics Canada, visited 18 august 2024

[37] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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[1991censusVisibles-56] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[1996censusAboriginal-57] Statistics Canada, Population by Aboriginal Groups and Sex, Showing Age Groups, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)

[1996censusVisibles-58] Statistics Canada, Total Population by Visible Minority Population, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)

[AboriginalCensus-59] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[2001censusprofile-60] Statistics Canada Template:Webarchive, Community Highlights for Canada

[2006_Canada_Census_Profile-61] Statistics Canada Template:Webarchive, 2006 Community Profiles: Canada (Country)

[2011NHSprofile-62] Statistics Canada, NHS Profile, Canada, 2011

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[78] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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[80] Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages, 2006 Census of Canada Template:Webarchive

[languagesatwork2016-81] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[languagesatwork2006-82] Statistics Canada – Language used at work1 by frequency of language used at work and mother tongue, 2006 counts

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[84] The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[85] Pison, Gilles. 2019 February. "The number and proportion of immigrants in the population: International comparisons." Population & Societies 563. France: Institut National D'études Démographiques.

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Demographics of Canada: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:15, 12 November 2025

Contents

History

Population

Provinces and territories

Population distribution

Cities

Census metropolitan areas

Fertility rate

Total fertility rates by provinces and territories

Mother's mean age at first birth

Historical population

Population projection

Life expectancy

Age characteristics

Sex ratio

Vital statistics

Current vital statistics

Employment

Ethnicity and visible minorities

Canadians as ethnic group by province

Ethnic origin

Visible minority population

Indigenous population

Future projections

Languages

Knowledge of language

Mother tongue

Work

Home

Immigration

Migration data

Religion

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | image              = File:Canada 2023 Population Pyramid.svg
 | image_size         = 300
-| caption            = [[Population pyramid]] of [[Canada]] in 2023
+| caption            = [[Population pyramid]] of Canada in 2023
 | size_of_population = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 41,465,298<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2024 |title=Population estimates, quarterly |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |access-date=February 5, 2025|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> (2024 Q4 est.)
-| density            =
+| density            = {{cvt|4.43|/km2}} (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada: population density |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/271206/population-density-in-canada/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref>
 | growth             = {{Decrease}} 0.66% (2025 est.)
 | birth              = {{Decrease}} 9.94 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 | life_male          = 81.52 years
 | life_female        = 86.21 years (2022 est.)
-| fertility          = 1.26 children born/woman (2023 est.)
+| fertility          = 1.25 children born/woman (2024 est.)
 | infant_mortality   = 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births
 | net_migration      = 5.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 {{legend|#d0d1e6|<1 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}]]
 {{Main|Population of Canada}}
+{{Chart|definition=Canada Total Population.chart|data=Canada Total Population.tab|Width=450}}
 The [[2021 Canadian census]] had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population.<ref name=2021cen/><ref>{{cite web |title=Environment — Greenhouse Gases (Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Person) |url=http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=64 |publisher=Human Resources and Skills Development Canada |year=2010 |access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227221908/http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=64 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A population estimate for 2024 put the total number of people in Canada at 41,012,563.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2018-06-27 |title=Population estimates, quarterly |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=www150.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="cia.gov">{{citation |title=The World FactBook – Canada |date=2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada/#people-and-society |work=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref>
@@ Line 103: / Line 106: @@
 === Fertility rate ===
-[[File:Total Fertility Rate of Canada from 1861 to 2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|350px|Total fertility rate of Canada from 1861 to 2016]]
+{{Chart|definition=Canada TFR.chart|data=Canada TFR.tab|Width=4990}}
 The [[total fertility rate]] is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country.
 In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement<ref name="publications.gc.ca">{{citation |author=Jacques Henripin |title=Trends and Factors of Fertility in Canada |date=1972 |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS99-541-1972-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS99-541-1972-eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |pages=30, 33 |location=Ottawa |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{citation |title=Fertility: Fewer children, older moms |date=July 17, 2018 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-630-x/11-630-x2014002-eng.htm#a1 |website=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> and since then has not rebounded.<ref name="publications.gc.ca" />
-Canada's [[total fertility rate|fertility rate]] hit a record low of 1.4 children born per woman in 2020,<ref name="CIC News">{{cite web|url=https://www.cicnews.com/2023/02/why-birth-rates-are-low-in-canada-and-much-of-the-western-world-0232764.html#gs.qhxuy9|title=Why birth rates are low in Canada and much of the Western world|author=Vimal Sivakumar|date=8 February 2023|website=CIC News}}</ref> below the population replacement level, which stands at 2.1 births per woman. In 2020, Canada also experienced the country's lowest number of births in 15 years,<ref name="CIC News"/> also seeing the largest annual drop in childbirths (−3.6%) in a quarter of a century.<ref name="CIC News"/> The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022.<ref name="cia.gov" />
+Canada's [[total fertility rate|fertility rate]] hit a record low of 1.25 children born per woman in 2024, maintaining its second year in a row with 'ultra-low fertility' (<1.30).<ref name="Statistics Canada: The Daily">{{cite web |date=2024-09-25 |title=Fertility and baby names, 2024 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250924/dq250924d-eng.htm |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> In 2022, Canada also experienced the country's lowest absolute number of births in 17 years.<ref name="Statistics Canada">{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/91f0015m/91f0015m2024001-eng.htm|title=Number of births, Canada, 2005 to 2022|date=January 31, 2024|website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> From 2021 to 2022, Canada's TFR decreased by −7.4%, its largest drop in 50 years.<ref name="Statistics Canada: Demographic Documents">{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230926/cg-a001-eng.htm|title=Fertility in Canada, 1921 to 2022|date=2023-09-26|website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022.<ref name="cia.gov" />
 {{sticky header}}
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
@@ Line 437: / Line 441: @@
 {{sticky header}}
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"|-
-|+ 2023<ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-607-x/71-607-x2022003-eng.htm Fertility indicators, provinces and territories: Interactive dashboard]</ref>
+|+ 2024<ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-607-x/71-607-x2022003-eng.htm Fertility indicators, provinces and territories: Interactive dashboard]</ref>
 !Province/Territory
 !TFR
 |-
-|{{flag|Nunavut}}||2.48
+|{{flag|Nunavut}}||2.34
 |-
-|{{flag|Saskatchewan}}||1.63
+|{{flag|Saskatchewan}}||1.58
 |-
-|{{flag|Manitoba}}||1.52
+|{{flag|Manitoba}}||1.50
 |-
 |{{flag|Alberta}}||1.41
@@ Line 451: / Line 455: @@
 |{{flag|Northwest Territories}}||1.39
 |-
-|{{flag|Quebec}}||1.38
+|{{flag|Quebec}}||1.34
 |-
-|'''{{flag|Canada}}'''||'''1.26'''
+|{{flag|New Brunswick}}||1.26
 |-
-|{{flag|New Brunswick}}||1.24
+|'''{{flag|Canada}}'''||'''1.25'''
 |-
-|{{flag|Ontario}}||1.22
+|{{flag|Ontario}}||1.21
 |-
-|{{flag|Prince Edward Island}}||1.16
+|{{flag|Newfoundland and Labrador}}||1.12
 |-
-|{{flag|Newfoundland and Labrador}}||1.08
+|{{flag|Prince Edward Island}}||1.10
 |-
-|{{flag|Nova Scotia}}||1.05
+|{{flag|Nova Scotia}}||1.08
 |-
-|{{flag|Yukon}}||1.01
+|{{flag|Yukon}}||1.08
 |-
-|{{flag|British Columbia}}||1.00
+|{{flag|British Columbia}}||1.02
 |}
@@ Line 732: / Line 736: @@
 === Population projection ===
 [[File:Can Provinces by Population Growth Rate.svg|left|thumb|Map of [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian provinces and territories]] by population growth rate (2016–2021).{{legend|#f1ff69|< 4.0%}}{{legend|#dcc700| 4.0%–7.0%}}{{legend|#c29c00| 7.0%–10.0%}}{{legend|#a08100|> 10.0%}}{{legend|#ff8080ff|population decline}}]]
-According to [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)/[[World Bank]], the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6&nbsp;million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the [[United States]] and 31.2% growth in [[Mexico]]. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the [[world population]] growth was 27%, a total of 1,423&nbsp;million people.<ref name="IEApop2011">[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=2009-10-12 }} Population 1971–2008 ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=2012-01-06 }} pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57 {{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925100340/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |access-date=2011-06-18 }}</ref> However, over the same period, the population of [[Demographics of France#Vital statistics from 1900|France]] grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011, the population of the [[Demographics of the United Kingdom#Population change over time|UK]] increased by 10.0%.
+According to [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)/[[World Bank]], the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6&nbsp;million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the [[United States]] and 31.2% growth in [[Mexico]]. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the [[world population]] growth was 27%, a total of 1,423&nbsp;million people.<ref name="IEApop2011">[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=2009-10-12 }} Population 1971–2008 ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=2012-01-06 }} pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57 {{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925100340/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |access-date=2011-06-18 }}</ref> However, over the same period, the population of [[Demographics of France#Vital statistics|France]] grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011, the population of the [[Demographics of the United Kingdom#Population change over time|UK]] increased by 10.0%.
 The current population growth rate for Canada in 2022 was 0.75%.<ref name="cia.gov" />
@@ Line 772: / Line 776: @@
 === Life expectancy ===
 Life expectancy in Canada has consistently risen since the country's formation.
-[[File:Life expectancy in Canada.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in Canada since 1831]]
+[[File:Life-expectancy, 1831 to 2023, CAN.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in Canada since 1831]]
 [[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Canada -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Canada since 1960 by gender]]
@@ Line 1,194: / Line 1,198: @@
 == Vital statistics ==
+Source: <ref>B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: the Americas, 1750–2000.</ref><ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001] United nations. Demographic Yearbooks</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=February 1, 1995 |title=Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/start |website=www.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000501&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.1&pickMembers%5B1%5D=2.1&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=1971&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2023&referencePeriods=19710101%2C20230101 Population estimates on July 1, by age and gender, Statistics Canada, visited 18 august 2024 ]</ref>
+Notable events in Canadian demographics:
+* 1947-1966 – [[Mid-20th century baby boom]]
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"|-
-!<ref>B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: the Americas, 1750–2000.</ref><ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001] United nations. Demographic Yearbooks</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=February 1, 1995 |title=Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/start |website=www.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000501&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.1&pickMembers%5B1%5D=2.1&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=1971&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2023&referencePeriods=19710101%2C20230101 Population estimates on July 1, by age and gender, Statistics Canada, visited 18 august 2024 ]</ref>
+!
 ! style="width:70pt;" | Average population (on July 1)
 ! style="width:70pt;" | Live births
@@ Line 1,277: / Line 1,286: @@
 |7,760,000
 |246,000||102,000||144,000
-|31.7||13.1||19.6||-0.3||style="color:blue;" |
+|31.7||13.1||19.6||−0.3||style="color:blue;" |
 |-
 | 1914
 |7,910,000
 |252,000||100,000||152,000
-| style="color:blue;" |31.9||12.6||19.3||-0.3||style="color:blue;" |
+| style="color:blue;" |31.9||12.6||19.3||−0.3||style="color:blue;" |
 |-
 | 1915
 |8,060,000
 |257,000||101,000||156,000
-|31.9||12.5||19.4||-0.8||style="color:blue;" |
+|31.9||12.5||19.4||−0.8||style="color:blue;" |
 |-
 | 1916
@@ Line 1,302: / Line 1,311: @@
 |8,450,000
 |243,000||134,000||109,000
-|28.8||15.9||12.9||-4.6|| style="color:blue;" |
+|28.8||15.9||12.9||−4.6|| style="color:blue;" |
 |-
 | 1919
@@ Line 1,382: / Line 1,391: @@
 |11,029,000
 |228,296||105,277||123,019
-|20.7||9.5||11.2||-1.2||style="color:blue;" |2.8
+|20.7||9.5||11.2||−1.2||style="color:blue;" |2.8
 |-
 | 1935
 |11,135,000
 |228,396||109,724||118,672
-|20.5||9.9||10.6||-1.1||style="color:blue;" |2.76
+|20.5||9.9||10.6||−1.1||style="color:blue;" |2.76
 |-
 | 1936
 |11,242,000
 |227,980||111,111||116,869
-|20.3||9.9||10.4||-0.9||style="color:blue;" |2.70
+|20.3||9.9||10.4||−0.9||style="color:blue;" |2.70
 |-
 | 1937
 |11,339,000
 |227,878||118,019||109,859
-|20.1||10.4||9.7||-1.1||style="color:blue;" |2.65
+|20.1||10.4||9.7||−1.1||style="color:blue;" |2.65
 |-
 | 1938
 |11,448,000
 |237,091||110,647||126,444
-|20.7||9.7||11.0||-1.5||style="color:blue;" |2.70
+|20.7||9.7||11.0||−1.5||style="color:blue;" |2.70
 |-
 | 1939
 |11,565,000
 |237,991||112,729||125,262
-|20.6||9.7||10.9||-0.8|| style="color:blue;" |2.65
+|20.6||9.7||10.9||−0.8|| style="color:blue;" |2.65
 |-
 | 1940
 |11,682,000
 |252,577||114,717||137,860
-|21.6||9.8||11.8||-1.8||style="color:blue;" |2.77
+|21.6||9.8||11.8||−1.8||style="color:blue;" |2.77
 |-
 | 1941
 |11,810,000
 |263,993||118,797||145,196
-|22.4||10.1||12.3||-1.5|| style="color:blue;" |2.83
+|22.4||10.1||12.3||−1.5|| style="color:blue;" |2.83
 |-
 | 1942
 |11,962,000
 |281,569||117,110||164,459
-|23.5||9.8||13.7||-1.0|| style="color:blue;" |2.96
+|23.5||9.8||13.7||−1.0|| style="color:blue;" |2.96
 |-
 | 1943
 |12,125,000
 |292,943||122,640||170,303
-|24.2||10.1||14.1||-0.7||style="color:blue;" |3.04
+|24.2||10.1||14.1||−0.7||style="color:blue;" |3.04
 |-
 | 1944
 |12,291,000
 |283,967||120,393||163,574
-|24.0||9.8||14.2||-0.7||style="color:blue;" |3.01
+|24.0||9.8||14.2||−0.7||style="color:blue;" |3.01
 |-
 | 1945
 |12,441,000
 |300,570||117,319||183,251
-|24.3||9.5||14.8||-2.7||style="color:blue;" |3.02
+|24.3||9.5||14.8||−2.7||style="color:blue;" |3.02
 |-
 | 1946
 |12,316,000
 |331,471||115,358||216,113
-|26.9||9.4||17.5|| style="color:red;"|-27.6||style="color:blue;" |3.37
+|26.9||9.4||17.5|| style="color:red;"|−27.6||style="color:blue;" |3.37
 |-
 | 1947
@@ Line 1,814: / Line 1,823: @@
 |2020
 |38,028,638
-|360,552||307,205||53,347
+|361,582||307,205||54,377
 |9.4||8.1||1.3||9.4|| 1.41
 |-
 |2021
 |38,239,864
-|369,721||311,942||57,779
+|372,564||311,942||60,622
 |9.5||8.0||1.5||4.2||1.44
 |-
 |2022
-|38,939,056
+|38,950,132
-|351,679||326,483||25,196
+|355,134||326,483||28,651
-| 9.0||8.4|| 0.6||17.6|| 1.33
+| 9.1||8.4|| 0.6||17.6|| 1.33
 |-
 |2023
-|40,097,761
+|40,049,088
-|351,878||337,708||style="color:red;"  |14,170
+|352,644||337,708||style="color:red;"  |14,936
-| style="color:red;" | 8.8||8.4|| 0.4|| style="color:blue"|29.0 || style="color:red;" | 1.26
+| style="color:red;" | 8.8||8.4||  style="color:red;" |0.4|| style="color:blue"|29.0 || style="color:red;" | 1.27
 |-
 |2024
-|41,288,599
+|style="color:blue;"|40,990,297
-|365,567||style="color:red;"  |345,829||18,757
+|365,737||style="color:red;"  |345,829||18,757
-| 8.9||8.4|| 0.5|| 28.4 || style="color:red;" | 1.26(e)
+| 8.9||8.4|| 0.5|| 28.4 || style="color:red;" | 1.27
 |}
+{{Chart|definition=Canada Population Growth Rate.chart|data=Canada Population Growth Rate.tab|Width=4990}}
 === Current vital statistics ===
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
@@ Line 1,847: / Line 1,857: @@
 ! Natural increase
 |-
-! January–March 2024
+! January–June 2024
-| 86,739
+| 179,879
-| 92,041
+| 165,538
-| -5,302
+| +14,341
 |-
-! January–March 2025
+! January–June 2025
-| 88,591
+| 183,065
-| 94,219
+| 168,678
-| -5,628
+| +14,387
 |-
 ! Difference
-| {{increase}} +1,852 (+2.1%)
+| {{increase}} +3,186 (+1.8%)
-| {{increasenegative}} +2,178 (+2.4%)
+| {{increasenegative}} +3,140 (+1.9%)
-| {{decrease}} -326
+| {{steady}} +46
 |-
 | colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source:'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Estimates of the components of natural increase, quarterly |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710005901 |access-date=3 March 2025 |website=Statistics Canada| date=3 March 2025 }}</ref>{{sticky header}}
@@ Line 1,869: / Line 1,879: @@
 == Employment ==
-Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
+{{Bar box|bars={{bar percent|15-24|red|14.2}}
+{{bar percent|25-54|blue|5.8}}
+{{bar percent|55+|purple|4.5}}
+{{bar percent|Total (15+)|gray|6.9}}|title=Canadian Unemployment Rates, June 2025|float=right|right2=Unemployment Rate|left1=Age}}
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|+Unemployment Rates, June 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 11, 2025 |title=Labour Force Survey, June 2025 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250711/dq250711a-eng.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711134248/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250711/dq250711a-eng.htm |archive-date=July 11, 2025 |access-date=July 11, 2025 |website=Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, June 2025 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
+!Age Group
+!Percent Unemployed
+|-
+|Youth (15–24)
+|14.2%
+|-
+|Core-age (25–54)
+|5.8%
+|-
+|55+
+|5.4%
+|-
+|Total (15+)
+|6.9%
+|}
+Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 (2020 est.)
 :total: 20.2%
 :male: 20.9%
-:female: 19.4% (2020 est.)
+:female: 19.4%
 == Ethnicity and visible minorities ==
@@ Line 1,922: / Line 1,954: @@
 [[File:Canada demographics over time.gif|thumb|300px|upright=1.3|Canada visible minority, aboriginal and Caucasian (assumed for 1981 to 2016) population as a percentage of the total population over time]]
 [[File:Visible minorities over time in Canada including projections.svg|upright=1.3|thumb|Visible minorities over time including projections]]
+[[File:Largest Pan-Ethnic Group In Canada (2021 Census).jpg|thumb|Population distribution of largest pan-ethnic group in Canada by census division, 2021 Census]]
 [[File:Visible minorities population pyramid 2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Visible minorities as a population pyramid in total in 2016]]
 According to the [[2021 Canadian census]], over 450 "[[Ethnic origins of people in Canada|ethnic or cultural origins]]" were self-reported by Canadians.<ref name="2021newsrelease"/> The major [[Panethnicity|panethnic]]  groups chosen were; [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European]] ({{Percentage | 19062115 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[North America]]n ({{Percentage | 8329945 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Ethnic groups in Asia|Asian]] ({{Percentage | 7013835 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|North American Indigenous]] ({{Percentage | 2204475 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[List of ethnic groups of Africa|African]] ({{Percentage | 1394170 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Latin America|Latin, Central and South American]] ({{Percentage | 900495 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Caribbean people|Caribbean]] ({{Percentage | 774515 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Oceanian people|Oceanian]] ({{Percentage | 105010 | 36328475 | 1 }}), and Other ({{Percentage | 2163380 | 36328475 | 1 }}).<ref name="2021newsrelease">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="ethnicpopulation2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035601 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.<ref name="2021newsrelease"/>{{efn| name=ethnic|1=The 2021 census on ethnic or cultural origins, Statistics Canada states: "Given the fluid nature of this concept and the changes made to this question, 2021 Census data on ethnic or cultural origins are not comparable to data from previous censuses and should not be used to measure the growth or decline of the various groups associated with these origins".<ref name="2021newsrelease"/>}}
@@ Line 1,928: / Line 1,961: @@
 [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] (4.7&nbsp;percent), [[Italian Canadians|Italian]] (4.3&nbsp;percent), and [[Ukrainian Canadians|Ukrainian]] (3.5&nbsp;percent).<ref name="ethnicpopulationordered2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] Total – Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households – 25% sample data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
-Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 24.5 million reported being "[[White people|White]]", representing 67.4&nbsp;percent of the population.<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022"/><ref name="2021censusA"/> The Indigenous population representing 5&nbsp;percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4&nbsp;percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3&nbsp;percent from 2016 to 2021.<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022a">{{cite web | title=The Daily — Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, although the pace of growth has slowed | website=Statistics Canada | date=2022-09-21 | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220921/dq220921a-eng.htm | access-date=2022-10-29}}</ref>  One out of every four Canadians or 26.5&nbsp;percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous [[visible minority]],<ref name="2021censusA"/>{{efn|Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. Visible minorities are defined by Statistics Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-White in colour".<ref>{{cite web |date=July 25, 2008 |title=Classification of visible minority |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/definitions/minority01-minorite01a-eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714060402/https://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/definitions/minority01-minorite01a-eng.htm |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=September 18, 2009}}</ref>}} the largest of which in 2021 were [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] (2.6 million people; 7.1&nbsp;percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7&nbsp;percent) and [[Black Canadians|Black]] (1.5 million; 4.3&nbsp;percent).<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022">{{cite web | title=The Daily — The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity | website=Statistics Canada | date=2022-10-26 | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm | access-date=2022-10-29}}</ref>
+Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being "[[White people|White]]", representing 69.8&nbsp;percent of the population.<ref name="2021newsreleaseB"/><ref name="Statistics Canada 2022"/><ref name="2021censusA"/> The Indigenous population representing 5&nbsp;percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4&nbsp;percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3&nbsp;percent from 2016 to 2021.<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022a">{{cite web | title=The Daily — Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, although the pace of growth has slowed | website=Statistics Canada | date=2022-09-21 | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220921/dq220921a-eng.htm | access-date=2022-10-29}}</ref>  One out of every four Canadians or 26.5&nbsp;percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous [[visible minority]],<ref name="2021censusA"/>{{efn|Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. Visible minorities are defined by Statistics Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-White in colour".<ref>{{cite web |date=July 25, 2008 |title=Classification of visible minority |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/definitions/minority01-minorite01a-eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714060402/https://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/definitions/minority01-minorite01a-eng.htm |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=September 18, 2009}}</ref>}} the largest of which in 2021 were [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] (2.6 million people; 7.1&nbsp;percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7&nbsp;percent) and [[Black Canadians|Black]] (1.5 million; 4.3&nbsp;percent).<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022">{{cite web | title=The Daily — The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity | website=Statistics Canada | date=2022-10-26 | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm | access-date=2022-10-29}}</ref>
 As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.
@@ Line 2,226: / Line 2,259: @@
 ===Future projections===
 Statistics Canada projects that visible minorities will make up between 38.2% and 43.0% of the total Canadian population by 2041,<ref name="FutureProjectionsA"/><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/> compared with 26.5% in 2021.<ref name="2021censusreportA">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="2021censusA"/> Among the working-age population (15 to 64 years), meanwhile, visible minorities are projected to represent between 42.1% and 47.3% of Canada's total population,<ref name="FutureProjectionsA"/><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/> compared to 28.5% in 2021.<ref name="2021censusreportA"/><ref name="2021censusA"/>
+{| class="cx-linter-tag"
+| valign="top" |
+{{Pie chart
+ | thumb   = left
+ | caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2031)
+ | label1 = [[European Canadians|European]]
+ | value1 = 59.79
+ | label2 = [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
+ | value2 = 9.82
+ | label3 = [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]
+ | value3 = 7.15
+ | label4 = [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
+ | value4 = 5.69
+ | label5 = [[Black Canadians|African]]
+ | value5 = 5.46
+ | label6 = [[Southeast Asian]]
+ | value6 = 4.60
+ | label7 = [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]
+ | value7 = 4.13
+ | label8 = [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
+ | value8 = 1.88
+ | label9 = Other
+ | value9 = 1.48
+ }}
+| valign="top" |
+{{Pie chart
+ | thumb   = left
+ | caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2036)
+ | label1 = [[European Canadians|European]]
+ | value1 = 56.25
+ | label2 = [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
+ | value2 = 10.94
+ | label3 = [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]
+ | value3 = 7.53
+ | label4 = [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
+ | value4 = 5.84
+ | label5 = [[Black Canadians|African]]
+ | value5 = 6.03
+ | label6 = [[Southeast Asian]]
+ | value6 = 5.08
+ | label7 = [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]
+ | value7 = 4.68
+ | label8 = [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
+ | value8 = 2.03
+ | label9 = Other
+ | value9 = 1.62
+ }}
+| valign="top" |
+{{Pie chart
+ | thumb   = left
+ | caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2041)
+ | label1 = [[European Canadians|European]]
+ | value1 = 53.07
+ | label2 = [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
+ | value2 = 11.87
+ | label3 = [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]
+ | value3 = 7.85
+ | label4 = [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
+ | value4 = 5.97
+ | label5 = [[Black Canadians|African]]
+ | value5 = 6.57
+ | label6 = [[Southeast Asian]]
+ | value6 = 5.54
+ | label7 = [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]
+ | value7 = 5.19
+ | label8 = [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
+ | value8 = 2.17
+ | label9 = Other
+ | value9 = 1.76
+ }}
+|}
 {{sticky header}}
@@ Line 2,231: / Line 2,336: @@
 |+ [[Panethnicity|Pan−ethnic]] Origin Projections (2031−2041)
 |-
-| rowspan=2 |
+! rowspan=2 |
 ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2031</big><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/><ref name="IndigenousProjections">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-06 |title=Projected population by Indigenous identity, age group, sex, area of residence, provinces and territories, and projection scenario, Canada (x 1,000) |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710014401 |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
 ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2036</big><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/><ref name="IndigenousProjections"/>
@@ Line 2,825: / Line 2,930: @@
 | N/A
 | <0.1%
+|-
+| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
+| 44,500
+| {{Percentage | 44500 | 36328480 | 2 }}
+| 36,235
+| {{Percentage | 36235 | 33121175 | 2 }}
+| 32,900
+| {{Percentage | 32900 | 29639030 | 2 }}
+| 20,515
+| {{Percentage | 20515 | 26994045 | 2 }}
 |}
 {{reflist|group=nb}}
@@ Line 3,214: / Line 3,329: @@
 == Immigration ==
 {{main|Immigration to Canada|Canada immigration statistics}}
-According to the [[2021 Canadian census]], immigrants in [[Canada]] number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23&nbsp;percent of Canada's total population.<ref name="2021censusreportA"/> This represents the eighth-largest [[Immigration|immigrant]] population in the world, while the proportion represents one of the highest ratios for [[Industrialized world|industrialized]] [[Western world|Western countries]].<ref>Pison, Gilles. 2019 February. "[https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/28889/563.international.comparison.immigrants.2019.en.pdf The number and proportion of immigrants in the population: International comparisons]." ''Population & Societies'' 563. France: [[Institut national d'études démographiques|Institut National D'études Démographiques]].</ref>
+According to the [[2021 Canadian census]], immigrants in Canada number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23&nbsp;percent of Canada's total population.<ref name="2021censusreportA"/> This represents the eighth-largest [[Immigration|immigrant]] population in the world, while the proportion represents one of the highest ratios for [[Industrialized world|industrialized]] [[Western world|Western countries]].<ref>Pison, Gilles. 2019 February. "[https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/28889/563.international.comparison.immigrants.2019.en.pdf The number and proportion of immigrants in the population: International comparisons]." ''Population & Societies'' 563. France: [[Institut national d'études démographiques|Institut National D'études Démographiques]].</ref>
-Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Punjabis and [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajirs]] from [[Pakistan]], both Turks and Kurds from [[Turkey]] and both Sinhalese and Tamil from [[Sri Lanka]]. Immigrants from [[Iran]] are divided into [[Mazandaranis|Mazandaranians]], [[Azerbaijanis|Azeris]], Persians, Kurds, Gilaks and [[Lurs]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/start | title=Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency }}</ref>
+Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Punjabis and [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajirs]] from [[Pakistan]], both Turks and Kurds from [[Turkey]] and both Sinhalese and Tamil from [[Sri Lanka]]. Immigrants from [[Iran]] are divided into [[Mazandaranis|Mazandaranians]], [[Armenians]], [[Azerbaijanis|Azeris]], Persians, Kurds, Gilaks and [[Lurs]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/start | title=Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency }}</ref>
 Since [[Canadian Confederation|confederation in 1867]] through to the contemporary era, [[decade|decadal]] and demi-decadal census reports have detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3&nbsp;percent of the total population,<ref name="HistoricImmigration2">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=17 May 2018 |title= 150 years of immigration in Canada |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-630-x/11-630-x2016006-eng.htm |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="Population1867to2007">{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |year=2013 |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/98-187-x/4151287-eng.htm |title=Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871: Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present |access-date=2022-11-12}}</ref> while the greatest number of foreign-born individuals admitted to Canada in single year occurred in 2021, with 405,330 new immigrants accounting for 1.1&nbsp;percent of the total population.
@@ Line 3,223: / Line 3,338: @@
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
-|+Canada Immigration Statistics<ref name="1871to1971immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=4 September 2022 |title= Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration – ARCHIVED |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/11-516-X |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="1881to1921immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title= Sixth census of Canada, 1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutism |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.830550/publication.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|239}}<ref name="1921to1971immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=4 September 2022 |title= 1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921–1971 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.834326/publication.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|108}}<ref name="1871to2041immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Infographic 1 Nearly one in four people in Canada are immigrants, the highest proportion of the population in more than 150 years |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/g-a001-eng.htm |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
+|+Canada Immigration Statistics
 !Year
-!Immigrant percentage
+! width=100|Immigrant percentage
-!Immigrant population
+! width=100|Immigrant population
-!Total responses
+! width=100|Total responses
-!Total population
+! width=100|Total population
+! class="unsortable" width=100|Source(s)
+|-
+|1851{{efn|name=Canada1851Census|Total responses cover [[Province of Canada]] (including [[Upper Canada]] & [[Lower Canada]]) & [[New Brunswick#British colony of New Brunswick (1784–1867)|New Brunswick]] territory, where censuses enumerated place of birth. Total population includes [[Nova Scotia#19th century|Nova Scotia]] where a census did take place in 1851, however only enumerated population and not place of birth.}}
+|{{Percentage | 535153 | 2036065 | 1 }}
+|535,153
+|2,036,065
+|2,312,919
+|<ref name="Census1665to1871">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=23 July 2012 |title= Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871 = Recensements du Canada, 1665 to 1871 |url=https://archive.org/details/1871981871FV41873engfra/mode/2up |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|182+206}}
 |-
-|1871
+|1861{{efn|name=Canada1861Census|[[British North America]]n territory ([[Upper Canada]], [[Lower Canada]], [[New Brunswick#British colony of New Brunswick (1784–1867)|New Brunswick]], and [[Nova Scotia#19th century|Nova Scotia]]) that comprised Canada following [[Canadian Confederation]] in 1867.}}
-|{{Percentage | 594207 | 3689257 | 1 }}
+|{{Percentage | 677967 | 3090561 | 1 }}
-|594,207
+|677,967
-|{{N/a}}
+|3,090,561
-|3,689,257
+|3,090,561
+|<ref name="Census1665to1871"/>{{rp|258+288+335+346}}
+|-
+|1871{{efn|name=Canada1871Census|The figures for 1871 cover the four original provinces of Canada ([[Quebec]], [[Ontario]], [[Nova Scotia]], and [[New Brunswick]]) only.}}
+|{{Percentage | 593403 | 3485761 | 1 }}
+|593,403
+|3,485,761
+|3,485,761
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Infographic 1 Nearly one in four people in Canada are immigrants, the highest proportion of the population in more than 150 years |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/g-a001-eng.htm |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="1871to1971immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=4 September 2022 |title= Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration – ARCHIVED |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/11-516-X |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="1871immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Census of Canada 1870-71 v. 1 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.827965/publication.html |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|336}}<ref name="1871immigrationB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Census of Canada 1870-71 v. 5 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.827965/publication.html |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|28}}
 |-
 |1881
 |{{Percentage | 602984 | 4324810 | 1 }}
 |602,984
-|{{N/a}}
 |4,324,810
+|4,324,810
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title= Sixth census of Canada, 1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutism |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.830550/publication.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |page=239}}</ref>
 |-
 |1891
 |{{Percentage | 643871 | 4833239 | 1 }}
 |643,871
-|{{N/a}}
 |4,833,239
+|4,833,239
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration"/>
 |-
 |1901
 |{{Percentage | 699500 | 5371315 | 1 }}
 |699,500
-|{{N/a}}
 |5,371,315
+|5,371,315
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration"/>
 |-
 |1911
 |{{Percentage | 1586961 | 7206643 | 1 }}
 |1,586,961
-|{{N/a}}
 |7,206,643
+|7,206,643
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration"/>
 |-
 |1921
 |{{Percentage | 1955736 | 8787949 | 1 }}
 |1,955,736
-|{{N/a}}
 |8,787,949
+|8,787,949
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=4 September 2022 |title= 1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921–1971 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.834326/publication.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |page=108}}</ref>
 |-
 |1931
 |{{Percentage | 2307525 | 10374196 | 1 }}
 |2,307,525
-|{{N/a}}
 |10,374,196
+|10,374,196
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
 |-
 |1941
 |{{Percentage | 2018847 | 11506655 | 1 }}
 |2,018,847
-|{{N/a}}
 |11,506,655
+|11,506,655
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
 |-
 |1951
 |{{Percentage | 2059911 | 14009429 | 1 }}
 |2,059,911
-|{{N/a}}
 |14,009,429
+|14,009,429
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
 |-
 |1961
 |{{Percentage | 2844263 | 18238247 | 1 }}
 |2,844,263
-|{{N/a}}
 |18,238,247
+|18,238,247
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
 |-
 |1971
@@ Line 3,295: / Line 3,435: @@
 |21,568,310
 |21,568,311
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
 |-
 |1981
@@ Line 3,301: / Line 3,442: @@
 |24,083,495
 |24,343,181
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |1986
@@ Line 3,307: / Line 3,449: @@
 |25,022,005
 |25,309,331
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |1991
@@ Line 3,313: / Line 3,456: @@
 |26,994,045
 |27,296,859
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |1996
@@ Line 3,319: / Line 3,463: @@
 |28,528,125
 |28,846,761
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |2001
@@ Line 3,325: / Line 3,470: @@
 |29,639,030
 |30,007,094
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |2006
@@ Line 3,331: / Line 3,477: @@
 |31,241,030
 |31,612,897
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |2011
@@ Line 3,337: / Line 3,484: @@
 |32,852,325
 |33,476,688
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |2016
@@ Line 3,343: / Line 3,491: @@
 |34,460,060
 |35,151,728
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |2021
@@ Line 3,349: / Line 3,498: @@
 |36,328,475
 |36,991,981
+|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
 |-
 |}