Voiceless pharyngeal fricative

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

A voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is an h-bar, Template:Angbr IPA. In the transcription of Arabic, Berber (and other Afro-Asiatic languages) as well as a few other scripts, it is often written Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr.

Typically characterized as fricative in the upper pharynx, similar to Template:IPAblink, except that the latter is placed at the glottis instead.

Features

Features of a voiceless pharyngeal fricative:

Template:Fricative Template:Pharyngeal Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Median articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

This sound is the most commonly cited realization of the Semitic letter hēth, which occurs in all dialects of Arabic, Classical Syriac, Western Neo-Aramaic, Central Neo-Aramaic, Ge'ez, Tigre, Tigrinya as well as Biblical, Mishnaic and Mizrahi Hebrew. It has also been reconstructed as appearing in Ancient Egyptian, a related Afro-Asiatic language. Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Ashkenazi Hebrew and most speakers of Modern Hebrew have merged the voiceless pharyngeal fricative with the voiceless velar (or uvular) fricative. However, phonetic studies have shown that the so-called voiceless pharyngeal fricatives of Semitic languages are often neither pharyngeal (but rather epiglottal) nor fricatives (but rather approximants).[1]

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abaza Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'stone'
Abkhaz Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'we' See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'god'
Afar dalcu Script error: No such module "IPA". 'striped hyena'
Agul Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'barn'
Amis[2] Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'burn, roast' Word-final allophone of /Template:IPA link/.
Arabic[3] Standard Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'situation' See Arabic phonology
EssaouiraTemplate:Sfnp Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang".) Script error: No such module "IPA". 'chleuh'
Archi Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'state'
Central Neo-Aramaic Turoyo Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang".) Script error: No such module "IPA". 'Christ' Corresponds with [x] in most other dialects.
Atayal Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'in/at/on him/her/it'
Avar Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'earwax'
Azerbaijani Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'instrument'
Chechen Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'plum'
English Some speakers, mostly of Received PronunciationTemplate:Sfnp horrible Script error: No such module "IPA". 'horrible' Glottal Template:IPAblink for other speakers.Template:Sfnp See English phonology
French[4] Some speakers Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to do, to make'
Galician[5] Some dialects Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'cat' Corresponds to Script error: No such module "IPA". in other dialects. See Galician phonology and gheada
Hebrew Mizrahi Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'electricity' Merged with Template:IPAblink for most modern speakers. See Modern Hebrew phonology.
Temani Script error: No such module "Lang"./aḥoḏ Script error: No such module "IPA". 'one' Yemenite pronunciation of the letter chet. Merged with Script error: No such module "IPA". in most other dialects. See Yemenite Hebrew
Hindustani Hindi Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'hafiz' In Hindi, it appears as a rare phonetic transcription;[6] in Urdu, the sound is preserved in formal and Quranic contexts.[7] See Hindustani phonology
Urdu Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA".
Judeo-Spanish Haketia Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'Haketia' Borrowed from Arabic and Hebrew
Jerusalem Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'small vegetable garden' Borrowed from Arabic and Hebrew
Kabardian Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'ship'
Kabyle Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'hairdresser'
Kullui Script error: No such module "IPA". 'twenty' Script error: No such module "IPA". historically derives from Script error: No such module "IPA". and occurs word-finallyTemplate:Sfn
Kurdish Most speakers Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'environment' Corresponds to Script error: No such module "IPA". in some Kurdish dialects
Leonese Riberan Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'flour'
Maltese Standard Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'one'
Nuu-chah-nulth Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'friendly'
Sioux Nakota Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'yesterday'
Somali Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler 'cane' See Somali phonology
Tarifit Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'salt'
Ukrainian[8] Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'fingernails' Allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". (which may be transcribed Script error: No such module "IPA".) before voiceless consonants;[8] can be fronted to Template:IPAblink in some "weak positions".[8] See Ukrainian phonology

See also

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  4. ↑ Template:Cite thesis
  5. ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c Template:Harvcoltxt

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Template:Cite thesis
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:IPA navigation

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative&oldid=4986000"