Gheada
Gheada (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a term in Galician to describe the debuccalisation of the voiced velar stop Template:IPAslink to a, usually voiceless, back fricative, most often a voiceless pharyngeal fricative Template:IPAblink.
Although it is found throughout Galicia, its use is declining in Lugo and eastern Ourense, and it is rarely encountered in education or broadcasting. While it is neither considered incorrect nor stigmatised, it is generally considered appropriate only for familiar rather than formal domains.[1]
Occasionally, the sound is articulated as a voiceless velar fricative Template:IPAblink, as in Castilian jamón.
Orthography
The pronunciation is sometimes indicated by the digraph gh:
- gato (Script error: No such module "IPA".; "cat") > Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA".
- pago (Script error: No such module "IPA".; "payment") > Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA".
Phonetic realizations
Pharyngeal realizations of the gheada are the most common, but there's considerable variation. Speakers from inland villages tend to prefer uvular, pharyngeal, or glottal fricatives, which are often voiced between vowels. In contrast, speakers from coastal villages prefer velar, pharyngeal, or occasional uvular fricatives, which are always voiceless.[2]
Possible systems
There are three different systems of gheada. In the most widespread one, Script error: No such module "IPA". is pronounced as a voiceless fricative in any position. For example:
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Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'a cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'the cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'Sunday'
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
This system is found in the major cities of Galicia: Santiago, Pontevedra, and A Coruña, as well as in the eastern part of the Province of A Coruña.[3]
Another system has both Script error: No such module "IPA". and voiceless fricative allophones:
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Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'a cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'the cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'Sunday'
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
In this system, found in the western parts of Ourense and Lugo, northern areas of Pontevedra, and south-eastern areas of A Coruña, Script error: No such module "IPA". is only found after a nasal consonant in the middle of words. Speakers often have trouble recognizing Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". as allophones of the same phoneme.[4]
A third system has merged Script error: No such module "IPA". into Script error: No such module "IPA"., eliminating the Script error: No such module "IPA". allophone completely:
<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'a cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'the cat' — Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'Sunday'
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
This system is found in the western parts of Galicia, in Fisterra and the Ría de Muros.[5]
See also
References
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Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Sources
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- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".