American and British English pronunciation differences

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Template:Short description Template:Multiple issues Template:IPA notice Template:American and British English differences Differences in pronunciation between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE) can be divided into

In the following discussion:

  • superscript A2 after a word indicates that the BrE pronunciation of the word is a common variant in AmE.
  • superscript B2 after a word indicates that the AmE pronunciation of the word is a common variant in BrE.
  • superscript A1 after a word indicates that the pronunciation given as BrE is also the most common variant in AmE.
  • superscript B1 after a word indicates that the pronunciation given as AmE is also the most common variant in BrE.

Stress

Subscript a or b means that the relevant unstressed vowel is also reduced to Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en in AmE or BrE, respectively.

French stress

For many loanwords from French, AmE has final-syllable stress, while BrE stresses an earlier syllable. French loanwords that differ in stress only are listed below.

BrE AmE words with relevant syllable stressed in each dialect[1]
1st 2nd débâcleB2Template:Refn
2nd 1st artisanalA1, liaisonabA2*Template:Refn, Bayeux,Template:Refn macraméab, moustache/mustache,Template:Refn Renaissance,abTemplate:Refn reveilleTemplate:Refn
1st last ballet, bandeau, barragea,Template:Refn batonab*, beignet, beretaTemplate:Refn, bidet, blaséA2, bouclé, bouffantA2, Template:Refn bourrée, brasserieb, brassièreab, brevetabA2,[2] brochureb*B2,Template:Refn[3] brûlée, buffeta,Template:Refn[4] bustier,Template:Refn cachetA2, café*a*b, caffeineA2, calvados,Template:Refn canardaB1,[5] chagrina, chaletA2, chassé, château, chauffeurA2, cliché*a, collagea*B2, cornet, crochet, croissant*a, croquet, debrisaA2,Template:Refn debut, décorA2, démarche, demimonde, denier,Template:Refn detailaA2, détente, duvet, épée, figurineB2, filetb,Template:Refn[6] flambé,Template:Refn fouetté, foulard, frappé, fricandeau, frisson, frontier, garageaB2,Template:Refn gâteau, glacé, gourmetA2, lamé,Template:Refn lingerie,Template:Refn manqué, massif, massage, matinée, métier, mirageB2, moiré, montage, negligeeA2, névé, nonchalantbA2, nondescript, nouveau, outré, parfait, parquet*b, pastelbB2, pastilleb,Template:Refn pâté,Template:Refn peignoir, pension,Template:Refn pissoir, plateau, précisA2, protégébB2,Template:Refn[7] purée, ragout, rapport, rentier, risqué, rosé, roué, rouleau, rusé, sachet, salona, saté, sauté, savantabA2, soignée, soirée, solfège,[8] sorbeta,Template:Refn[9] sortie, soufflé, soupçon,[10] tableau, tonneau, touché, toupée, triage, trousseau, vaccine, valet, vermouthB2, vol-au-vent.

Also some French names, including: Argand,Template:Refn AvignonaTemplate:Refn[11] Beauvoir,Template:Refn[12] Bizet,Template:Refn[13] Blériot,Template:Refn[14] Boulez,Template:Refn[15] Calais,Template:Refn[16] Cambray,Template:Refn[17] Cartier,Template:Refn[18] Chablis,Template:Refn[19] Chamonix,Template:Refn[20] Chabrier,Template:Refn[21] Chardonnay,Template:Refn[22] Chirac,Template:Refn[23] Chopin,Template:Refn[24] Citroën,Template:Refn Cocteau,Template:Refn[25] Dakar,Template:Refn[26] Dauphin,Template:Refn[27] Dauphine,Template:Refn[28] Degas,Template:Refn[29] Depardieu,Template:Refn[30] Dijon,Template:Refn[31] Dumas,Template:Refn[32] Flaubert,Template:Refn[33] Foucault,Template:Refn[34] Franglais,Template:Refn Gerard,Template:Refn[35] Godard,Template:Refn[36] Lascaux,Template:Refn[37] Lyon,Template:Refn[38] Mallarmé,Template:Refn[39] Manet,Template:Refn[40] Marat,Template:Refn[41] Massenet,Template:Refn Maurice,Template:Refn[42] Millais,Template:Refn[43] Molière,Template:Refn[44] Monet,Template:Refn[45] Perpignan,Template:Refn[46] Perrault,Template:Refn[47] Perrier,Template:Refn Peugeot,Template:Refn Piaf,Template:Refn[48] Poirot,Template:Refn[49] Poitiers,Template:Refn[50] Poussin,Template:Refn[51] Rabelais,Template:Refn[52] Renaulta,Template:Refn[53] Rimbaud,Template:Refn[54] Rodin,Template:Refn[55] Roget,Template:Refn[56] Rouen,Template:Refn[57] Rousseau,Template:Refn[58] Roussillon,Template:Refn[59] Satie,Template:Refn[60] Seurat,Template:Refn[61] Thoreau,Template:Refn[62] Tissot,Template:Refn Truffaut,Template:Refn[63] Valois,Template:Refn[64] Vouvray,Template:Refn[65] Watteau.Template:Refn[66]

last 1st addressbA1(noun), billionaire/millionaire, carouselA2, cigarette, esquireb*A2, lemonade, limousine, lychee,Template:Refn magazineA2, margarineb, mayonnaiseA2,Template:Refn penchant,Template:Refn potpourri,Template:Refn refugeeA2, shallotA2,Template:Refn solitaire, timbale,Template:Refn tiradeA2, ([bi]p)artisana.B1/2Template:Refn

Also some French names, including: Dunkirk, NigerTemplate:Refn

2nd last accouchement, arrondissement, attaché, au courant, charivari, consomméa, cor anglaisB2, décolleté, déclassé, démodé,[67] dénouement, divertissement,Template:Refn distingué, escargot, exposé, fiancé(e)A2,Template:Refn financier, hors de combat, hotelier, papier-mâché, par excellence, portmanteau, poste restante, rapprochement, retroussé, soi-disant, sommelier.

Also some French names, including: Debussyb, Dubonneta, Élysées, Montpellier, Parmentier, Piaget, Rambouillet.

Verbs ending in -ate

Most 2-syllable verbs ending in -ate have first-syllable stress in AmE and second-syllable stress in BrE. This includes castrate, collate, cremateA2,[68] curate, dictateA2, dilate, donateA2, fixate, frustrate, gestate, gradate, gyrate, hydrate, lactate, locateA2, mandateB2, migrate, mutate, narratebA2, notate, phonate, placatebB2, prostrate, pulsate, rotate, serrateA2, spectate, stagnate, striate,[69] translateA2, truncate, vacateb*A2,[70] vibrateA2. Examples where AmE and BrE match include conflate, create, equate, elate, inflate, negate, sedate; and probate with first-syllable stress. Derived nouns in -ator retain the distinction, but those in -ation do not. Also, migratoryB2[71] and vibratoryB2[72] sometimes retain the distinction.

Most longer -ate verbs are pronounced the same in AmE and BrE, but a few have first-syllable stress in BrE and second-syllable stress in AmE: demarcateaA2, elongateaA2, impregnateB1, incarnateA2, inculcate, inculpate, infiltrateA1, remonstrateabA2,[73] sequestrate, tergiversateaA1Template:Refn.[74] For some derived adjectives ending -atory stress-shifting to -a(tory)- occurs in BrE. Among these cases are celebratorya[75] (BrE: Template:IPAc-en), circulatorya, compensatorya,[76] participatorya,[77] regulatoryaB1.[78] AmE stresses the same syllable as the corresponding -ate verb (except compensatory, where AmE stresses the second syllable). A further -atory difference is laboratoryB2: AmE Template:IPAc-en and BrE Template:IPAc-en.[79]

Miscellaneous stress

There are a number of cases where same-spelled noun, verb and/or adjective have uniform stress in one dialect but distinct stress in the other (e.g. alternate, prospect): see initial-stress-derived noun.

The following table lists words not brought up in the discussion so far where the main difference between AmE and BrE is in stress. Usually, it also follows a reduction of the unstressed vowel. Words marked with subscript A or B are exceptions to this, and thus retains a full vowel in the (relatively) unstressed syllable of AmE or BrE. A subsequent asterisk, *, means that the full vowel is usually retained; a preceding * means that the full vowel is sometimes retained.

Words with other points of difference are listed in a later table.

BrE AmE words with relevant syllable stressed in each dialect[1]
1st 2nd AdonaiAB2, adultBAB2, albumen/albumin, aristocrat, Bernard,Template:Refn bitumen, Boudicca, cerebral/cerebrumA2, combatant/combative, communal, complex (adj.), composite, converseA2(adj.),[80] illustrativeA2, Kodály, majusculeA2, miniscule/minuscule, Mosul, omegaA,Template:Refn paprika, patinaA1, perfume (noun), pianistAB2, premature,[81] raceme, Riyadh, sitar, sojourn (verb), stalactiteA2, stalagmiteA2, subalternA2,Template:Refn SuezA2*, thanksgivingABB2, transferenceAA2, travail, UlyssesA
2nd 1st accent (verb)A2, alternate (adj.), amortise/amortize, ancillaryB, archangelB1, Argyle, AugustineBA2, Azores, backfire (verb), banalA2, Bantu, baptize, Baghdad, Balthazar, Bangkok, Byzantine, capillary, capsize, catenary, cervicalAB2,Template:Refn (bi/quin/Template:Not a typo)centenaryB2, controversyB1, Corfu, corollary, defence/offenseAA2(sports only), deficitB1,Template:Refn despicableB2, download (verb), elsewhereABAB2, enquiry/inquiryAA2,Template:Refn epsilon, expletiveA, fritillary,Template:Refn Galbraith, guffawA1,Template:Refn[82] hegemony, Hong KongA2, hospitableA2, implicative/multiplicative/predicative, Koblenz, lasso, Malay, Mardi GrasScript error: No such module "Unsubst"., marshmallowAB,Template:Refn maxillary, medullary,Template:Refn metallurgy, miscellany,Template:Refn nomenclatureAB2, obligatory, participle, patronal, premise (verb),Template:Refn pretence/pretenseAA1, princess*AB2,Template:Refn prospect (verb), recluse, recourse, research (noun), resource, respiratory, rupee, salivary, saxophonist/xylophonistBB2, Shanghai, skeletalBB2,Template:Refn spinet, spread(-)eagledAB,[83] Stonehenge, stonewall, substratumABA2, tracheaAB2, urinalAB2,Template:Refn vaginalAB2,Template:Refn volatilise/volatilize, wastepaper, waylay, weekendABB2, Zoroaster
1st 3rd opportuneABB2
3rd 1st Bucharest, Budapest, disciplinary,Template:Refn furthermore, h(a)emoglobinAB, manganese, manateeB2, PakistanA2,[84] Panama, PyreneesAB, Senegal, Singapore, stewardessB2
2nd 3rd submarinerA2, Yom Kippur
3rd 2nd aboveboard, alumin(i)um, arytenoidA1, CaribbeanA2, centrifugalB2, chimpanzeeA1, obscurantismABA2[85]
4th 1st manageress

Affixes

-ary, -ery, -ory, -mony, -ative, -bury, -berry

Where the syllable preceding the suffixes Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo or Template:Not a typo is unstressed, AmE pronounces the penultimate syllable with a full vowel sound: Template:IPAc-en for Template:Not a typo and Template:Not a typo, Template:IPAc-en for Template:Not a typo, Template:IPAc-en for Template:Not a typo and Template:IPAc-en Template:Not a typo. BrE reduces the vowel to a schwa or even elides it completely: Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA". (hereafter transcribed as Template:IPAc-en in diaphonemic transcription), Template:IPAc-en and Template:IPAc-en. So military is AmE Template:IPAc-en and BrE Template:IPAc-en,[86] inventory is AmE Template:IPAc-en and BrE Template:IPAc-en,[87] testimony is AmE Template:IPAc-en and BrE Template:IPAc-en[88] and innovative is AmE Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en and BrE Template:IPAc-en.[89] (The elision is avoided in carefully enunciated speech, especially with endings Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".)

Where the syllable preceding Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo or Template:Not a typo is stressed however, AmE also usually reduces the vowel: Template:IPAc-en, Template:IPAc-en. Exceptions include library,[90] primaryA2,[91] rosemary.[92] (Pronouncing library as Template:IPAc-en rather than Template:IPAc-en is stigmatized in the United States, for example as associated with African-American Vernacular English,[93] whereas in BrE, Template:IPAc-en is common in rapid or casual speech.)

The suffix -berry is pronounced by similar rules, except that in BrE it may be full Template:IPAc-en after an unstressed syllable, while in AmE it is usually full in all cases. Thus we have strawberry: BrE Template:IPAc-en, AmE Template:IPAc-en, and whortleberry: BrE/AmE Template:IPAc-en.

The placename component Template:Not a typo (e.g. Canterbury) has a similar difference: AmE has a full vowel: Template:IPAc-en where BrE has a reduced one: Template:IPAc-en.

Stress differences between the dialects occur with some words ending in Template:Not a typo (listed above) and a few others like capillary (included in #Miscellaneous stress above).

Formerly the BrE–AmE distinction for adjectives carried over to corresponding adverbs ending Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo or Template:Not a typo. However, nowadays some BrE speakers adopt the AmE practice of shifting the stress to the penultimate syllable: militarily is thus sometimes Template:IPAc-en rather than Template:IPAc-en, and necessarily is in BrE either Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en.[94]

-ile

Words ending in unstressed Template:Not a typo derived from Latin adjectives ending Template:Not a typo are mostly pronounced with a full vowel in BrE Template:IPAc-en but a reduced vowel or syllabic L in AmE Template:IPAc-en (e.g. fertile rhymes with fur tile in BrE but with furtle in AmE).

AmE will (unlike BrE, except when indicated withB2) have a reduced last vowel:

  • generally in facile, (in)fertile, fissile, fragile, missile, stabile (adjective), sterile, tensile, versatile, virile, volatile
  • usually in agile, docile,Template:Refn decile, ductile,[95] futile, hostile, juvenile, (im)mobile (adjective and phone), puerile, tactile
  • rarely in domicileB2,Template:Refn erectile, febrileA2,[96]Template:Refn infantile, nubile, pensile, percentile, projectile,[97] reptile, senileA2,Template:Refn servile, textile, utile[98]
  • never in crocodile, exile, gentile, reconcile; nor to compounds of monosyllables (e.g. turnstile from stile)

In some words the pronunciation Template:IPAc-en also comes into play:

Related endings Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo are pronounced the same in AmE as BrE.

di-

The pronunciation of the vowel of the prefix di- in words such as dichotomy, digest (verb), dilate, dilemma, dilute, diluvial, dimension, direct, dissect, disyllable, divagate, diverge, diverse, divert, divest, and divulge as well as their derivational forms vary between Template:IPAc-en and Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en in both British and American English.[100]Template:Rp

-ine

The suffix -ine,[8] when unstressed, is pronounced sometimes Template:IPAc-en (e.g. feline), sometimes Template:IPAc-en (e.g. morphine) and sometimes Template:IPAc-en (e.g. medicine). Some words have variable pronunciation within BrE, or within AmE, or between BrE and AmE. Generally, AmE is more likely to favor Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en, and BrE to favor Template:IPAc-en.

BrE Template:IPAc-en, AmE (1) Template:IPAc-en: carbineA2, FlorentineA2, internecineA2, philistineA2, pristineB2Template:Refn, salineA2, serpentineA2.

BrE Template:IPAc-en, AmE (1) Template:IPAc-en (2) Template:IPAc-en: adamantineA2.

BrE Template:IPAc-en, AmE Template:IPAc-en: uterineB2.

BrE Template:IPAc-en, AmE (1) Template:IPAc-en (2) Template:IPAc-en (3) Template:IPAc-en: crystalline, labyrinthine.[101]

BrE (1) Template:IPAc-en, AmE (1) Template:IPAc-en (2) Template:IPAc-en: strychnineA2.

Effects of the weak vowel merger

The weak vowel merger causes affixes such as -ate (as in climate), be- (before a consonant), de- (as in decide), -ed (with a sounded vowel), -es (with a sounded vowel), -est, -less, -ness, pre- (as in prepare) and re- (before a consonant) to be pronounced with the schwa Template:IPAc-en (the a in about), rather than the unstressed Template:IPAc-en (found in the second syllable of locksmith). Conservative RP uses Template:IPAc-en in each case, so that before, waited, roses and faithless are pronounced Template:IPAc-en, rather than Template:IPAc-en, which are more usual in General American. The pronunciations with Template:IPAc-en are gaining ground in RP and in the case of certain suffixes (such as -ate and -less) have become the predominant variants. The noun carelessness is pronounced Template:IPAc-en in modern RP and Template:IPAc-en in conservative RP; both pronunciations typically merge in GA (usually towards the latter). This variation is denoted with the symbol Template:Angbr IPA in some of the dictionaries published by Oxford University Press and in the Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation of Current English. In the latter, the British pronunciation of climate is transcribed Template:Angbr IPA, though carelessness is transcribed Template:Angbr IPA.

Affixes such as dis-, in-, -ing and mis- contain Template:IPAc-en in conservative RP as well as General American and modern RP, so that words such as disloyal or teaching are phonemically Template:IPAc-en and Template:IPAc-en in all three varieties.

Weak forms

The title Saint before a person's name has a weak form in BrE but not AmE: before vowels, Template:IPAc-en.[102]

Miscellaneous pronunciation differences

File:Walker Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (Herb).png
Entry for "Herb" from Walker's Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, (London: Tegg, 1833), showing pronunciation without /h/

These tables list words pronounced differently but spelled the same. See also the table of words with different pronunciation reflected in the spelling.

Single differences

Words with multiple points of difference of pronunciation are in the table after this one. Accent-based differences are ignored. For example, in their respective conventional accent-specific transcription systems, Moscow would be transcribed as RP Script error: No such module "IPA". and GAm Script error: No such module "IPA"., but it is RP Template:IPAc-en and GAm Template:IPAc-en in the transcription system used in this article. Only the Template:IPAc-en–Template:IPAc-en difference is highlighted here, since both the presence of a contrastive Script error: No such module "IPA". vowel in RP (which falls together with Script error: No such module "IPA". in GA) and the RP use of Script error: No such module "IPA". rather than Script error: No such module "IPA". are predictable from the accent. Also, tiara is listed with AmE Template:IPAc-en; the marry–merry–Mary merger changes this vowel for many Americans.

Many sources omit the length marks in transcriptions of AmE, so that words such as father or keep are transcribed Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". rather than Template:IPAc-en and Template:IPAc-en. Even though it is not phonemic, vowel length in GA works in a very similar manner to RP, so this is mainly a difference in transcription.

BrE AmE Words
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Excluding words changed by the trap–bath split,[103] (which affects most southern British speakers and almost no American speakers): banana, cabana, choraleA2, ColoradoA2, finale, Internationale, khakiA2, localeA2, mascara, morale, musicale, NevadaA2,Template:Refn[104] pajama(s)A2, PakistaniAB2, pastorale, plaqueB2, rale, rationale, SaharaA2, sarsaparilla, scenarioA2, seraglio, sopranoA2, SudanB2, sultana, tiaraA2. Suffix words ending in -orama/-ramaA2: cyclorama, diorama and panorama.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en "A" in the anglicised pronunciation of many foreign names and loanwords,[105] e.g.: Abu Dhabi, Abu Nidal, accelerando, AngstA2, AnkaraA2, aquaA2, Ariosto, Asti, Asunción, Avogadro, Baku, Balaton, banzai, Basra, Białystok, Bratislava, camaraderie, CaracasB2, Carpaccio, CasablancaA2, Casals, caveatA2, Cézanne,Template:Refn chiantiA2, Chiapas, dacha, Dachau, Deus ex machinaA2, d'Annunzio, Dushanbe, Dvořák, Francesca, ganja, Gdańsk, gazpacho, gestalt, glissando, goulashA2, grappa, Gulag, gratin, hacienda, Hamas, HansB2, Haryana, IslamicA2, jalapeño, Jaruzelski, Kafka, Kalashnikov, kakemono, kamikaze, Kampala, kampong, kanji, Kant, katakana, kebab,[106] lambada, La Paz, Las (placenames, e.g. Las Vegas)A2, lasagnaB2, latteB2, Lausanne, Lillehammer, Luhansk, macarenaA2, macho, mafia, mamba/o, manga, MannA2, mantra, maraca, MarioA2, Mascagni, Mazda, MilanA2, Mohammed, MombasaA2, Pablo PicassoA2, paparazzo, paso doble, pasta, patioA2, Paternoster, Pavlova, pilaf(f), Pusan, quattrocento, Rachmaninoff, Rafah, Rafsanjani, rallentandoA2, Ramadan, ravioliA2, regattaA2, ritardando, Rwanda, salsa, samba, samizdat, sanitaire, sashimi, sforzando, shiatsu, SlovakA2, squacco, Sri LankaA2, stalag, taco, tagliatelle, tapas, trattoria, Traviata, tzatziki, Uganda, Vivaldi, volte-face, wigwam, Wuhan, Yap (island), Yasser/sir, Yerevan
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en charade, cicadaA2, galaAB2,Template:Refn graveA2(accent), pralineB2,[107] promenadeB2(square dancing), strafe, stratumB2,Template:Refn[8] tomatoA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en UtahA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en agave, swathe
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en AdolfA2, basil (plant)A2, canineB2, granaryA2, (im)placableA2, macronA2, pal(a)eo-, patronise/-izeA2, (com/un)patriot(ic)B2, (ex/re)patriate/-ationB2, phalanxA2, plaitA2, Sabine, satrapA2, satyrA2[8]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en apparatusA2, apricotA2, babel, comrade, dahlia,Template:Refn dataA2, digitalisA2, gratisB2, patentB2, rabidB2, statusA2[8]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en aquaticA2, twatB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en quagmireB2,[108] scallopB2, wrathTemplate:Refn
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Boulogne, Dordogne
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en auteurB2, XhosaAB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en sloth, trothA2, wontA2, wrothB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Excluding words changed by the lot-cloth split: alcoholA2, altarB2, alterB2, assaultB2, atollA2, Austen, austere, Austin, Australia, Austria, BalkanB2, BalticB2, BaltimoreB2, cauliflowerA2, claustrophobia, cobaltB2, exaltB2, falseB2, falterB2, faultB2, GibraltarB2, gnocchiA2Template:Refn, haltB2, hydraulicB2, maltB2, MaltaB2, paltryB2, parasolA2, protocolA2, saltB2, sausage, somersaultB2, vaultB2, WalterB2, waltzB2. Many chemical compounds ending in -ol; for example, butanol, ethanol, methanol, propanol, etc.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en leprechaunA2[109]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en asphalt, mall
Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en YaltaB2
Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en falconA2[8][110]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Aesculapius, Aeschylus, (a)esthete/-ticB2,[111] amenityB2,[112] an(a)esthetist/-ize, anap(a)est/-ic, breveA2, D(a)edalus, (d)evolutionB2, eco-A2, ecumenicalB2, epochalB2,[113] esotericB2,[114] h(a)emo-A2, Hephaestus, hygienicA2,Template:Refn KenyaB2, lever(age)A2, methaneB2, OedipusA2, (o)estrogenB2,[115] (o)estrusB2,[116] p(a)edophile, penalizeA2, Ph(a)edrus, predecessorA2, predilectionA2, pyrethrinA2, qu(a)estor, schizophreniaA2, SemiteB2, systemic
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en crematoriumA2, cretinA2, depotA2, fetidB2, hedonism/-ist(ic), leisureA2, presentationA2, reconnoit(re/er)A2, zebraB2, zenith
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en gazeboA2, heinousB2, MekongA2, quayA2, reparteeA2. Greek alphabet letters containing eta: beta, theta and zeta.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en detourB2, HeleneA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en ZimbabweB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en commedia dell'arte, Haggai,[117] IsraelA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en ateB2, éminence grise, étui, mêléeA2,[8] Pécs, presa
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en again(st)B2, cortègeB2, machete, nonpareil[8]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en mayorA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en amokB2, coloratura, comme il faut, hoverA2, Somme, Sorbonne. Also the strong forms of these function words: becauseTemplate:Refn, (every/some/no/any)bodyA2, from, of, was, whatA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en accomplice/-ishB2, colanderB2, conjureA2, constableB2, monetaryA2, -mongerA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en adios, Aeroflot, ayatollah, Barbados, baroqueB2,[118] BoccheriniA2, Bogotá,Template:Refn, bollB2, Carlos, cognacA2, compost, Costa Rica, doldrumsA2, dolo(u)r, groschen, grossoA2, homo-B2, Interpol, KosovoA2, Lod, mocha, olfactoryA2, Pinocchio, pogrom, polkaB2, produce (noun)A2, professorialA2, prophy-(lactic/laxis), realpolitikA2, riposte, Rosh HashanahA2, sconeB2, shone, sol, solsticeA2, Sonia,[119] TolstoyA2, trollB2, voltB2, yogurtB2.[120] Also, in general, Greek-derived names of places, people, or ideas that end in "-os", for example, ErosA2, ethos,Template:Refn Helios, logos (singular)A2, mythos, pathos,Template:Refn etc.; although chaos follows the British norm in both countries.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Adonis, codicilB2,[121] codifyA2, goffer, ogleA2, processA2(noun), projectB2(noun)
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en dynasty, hibiscus, housewifery,[113] idyll(ic), italicA2, pipette, privacyB2,[122] simultaneousA2, sinecure, tinnitus, totalizator, tricolo(u)rB2,[123] trimester, Tyrolean, vitaminB2. See also -ine.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en butylB2, condyle, cyclic(al)B2, doctrinal, finance/-ialAB2, forsythia, -isation/-izationA2, kinesis/-ticB2, Minotaur, primer (schoolbook),A2 Pythagoras,A2 respite,Template:Refn subsidence/-ent, synapseB2,Template:Refn umbilicalB2. See also -ine.[8]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en aïoliA2, Isaiah
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en (n)eitherAB2,Template:Refn Pleiades, via. See also -ine.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en albino, geyser, iodine, migraineB2, oblique (verb),Template:Refn reprise. See also -ine.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en symbiosis/-ticB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en In the prefixes anti-, multi- and semi- in loose compoundsA2 (e.g. in anti-establishment, but not in antidote).
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en beenB2,[124] cliqueA2, creekA2, invalid (noun)B2, prima
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en aphrodisiac, Biarritz, bulimia, memorabilia, pi(t)taB2, prestigiousA2, tricot
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en enclave, envoi/-voy
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en pall-mallTemplate:Refn[8]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en nousA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en kümmel
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Buddha/-ism/-ist, Burundi, cuckoo, Düsseldorf, Gutiérrez, guru, Ljubljana, Mussolini, Tuzla
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en boogie-woogie, boulevard,[125] hoofA2, roofAB2, rootA2, snooker, woofA2 (weaving)
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en ferrule, fortune
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en courierA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en MuslimA2
Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en brusqueB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en surplus
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en cuminB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en routeA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en broochA2, provenB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en cantaloup(e), catacomb, hecatomb
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en plover
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en MoscowA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en MadagascarA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Berkeley, Berkshire, CherwellB2, clerk, derby, Hertford(shire). (The only AmE word with Template:Angle bracket = Template:IPAc-en is sergeant.)
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en errA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en ErnstB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en deterrentA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en ampereA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en (atmo/hemi/strato)spheric(al), inherentA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en era,A2 hysteriaA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Irkutsk
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en chirrupA2, squirrel, stirrupA2, syrupA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en whorlA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en acornA2,[126] record (noun), the weak form of or
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Eleanor, metaphorB2, Westmor(e)land
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Amazon, anacoluthon, automatonA2, Avon, capon, crampon, crayonA2, Lebanon, lexicon, marathon, (m)ascot, melancholy,[127] myrmidon, OregonA2, pantechnicon, paragon, Parthenon, phenomenon, pylon, python, Rubicon, saffronA2, siliconA2, wainscot. Also any geometric shapes ending in -agon; for example, hexagon, octagon, pentagon, polygon, etc.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en AesopA2, Amos, colon, condom, despot, EnochA2, ingot, mosquito, sombrero, Winthrop
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en röntgen, Stendhal
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en accent (noun), nonsense
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en, Template:IPAc-en congress, Kentucky, parallelepiped,[128] prestige
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Places ending with -chester;B2 e.g., Chichester, Colchester, Dorchester, Grantchester, Ilchester, Lanchester, Manchester, Portchester, Rochester, Silchester, Winchester
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Ceylon
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Some of the words affected by the weak vowel merger:AB2 impetigo, orange, Semitic, etc. See also effects of the weak vowel merger.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en baboonA2, bassoonA2, CapriA2, fastidiousAB2, nasturtiumA2, papooseA2, platoonA2, raccoon, saucepan, taboo, tattoo, toucan, trapeze
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en DraconianA2, hurricaneB2, legislature, satanic. Also, longer words ending in -ative.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en entrailsA2, magistrateA2, portrait, template[129]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en foyerA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Göttingen, Koestler
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en föhn
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Montreux, Schönberg
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en bleu, œuvre, pas de deux
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Bofors, Mauritius
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en anchovy, borough, thorough, varicose, volitionA2. Also place names that end in "-burgh", such as EdinburghA2 and surnames ending in -stone, e.g. Johnstone (see also -ory and -mony). Words prefixed with an unstressed "pro-"A2, with the exceptions of process, progress and project (verb), commonly use either pronunciation in American English; for example, probation, procedure, prohibit, proliferate, prolific, Prometheus, prophetic, propinquity, prorogation, protest (verb), protract, protrude, protuberance/-ant, and Provence.
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Excluding words altered by the yod-dropping phenomenon: barracuda, culotte, pumaA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en couponA2, fuchsine, HoustonB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en conduitA2, iguanaB2,[130] unguent
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en figureA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en eruditeA2,[131] purulent, virulenceB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en duress, Kuwait, résuméA2[132]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Excluding words altered by the yod-dropping phenomenon: HondurasB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en nougatTemplate:Refn
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en HuguenotA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en connoisseur,A2 entrepreneur,A2 masseurA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en tournamentA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Betelgeuse, chanteuse, chartreuseA2, masseuse
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en berceuse
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en AussieA2, blouse (noun), blouson, complaisantA2, crescentB2, dextrose, diagnoseA2, erase, fuselageA2, glasnost, Joseph, Manresa, mimosa, oppositeA2, parse, ruseA2, talisman, treatiseB2, valise, venisonB2, visaA2,[133] xylose
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en asthma, chromosomeA2, Zaragoza
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en piazzaA2, schnauzer, terrazzo
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en xi
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en luxury
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en AsiaB2, cashmere, PersiaB2, (as/dis)persionA2, (ex/in)cursionB2, (im/sub)mersion, (a/con/di/in/per/re)versionA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en erasure
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Elgin
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en sandwichB2,[134] spinach
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Chou (en Lai)
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en chassis
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en cassiaA2, CassiusA2, DionysiusA2,[135] hessian, Lucius, (ne/omni/pre)scient/-ence, Theodosius
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en issueB2, sexualB2,Template:Refn tissueB2
Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en, Template:IPAc-en, or Template:IPAc-en nausea,[136] transient[137]
Template:IPAc-en, Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en artesianB2, Elysian, FrisianB2, Frasier, glazier, grazier, hosieryB2, IndonesiaB2, MalaysiaB2, Parisian, PolynesiaB2, Rabelaisian, visualB2[138]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en cordialTemplate:Refn
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en bastion,[139] besti(al/ary), celestial,[140] ChristianB2,Template:Refn (Se)bastian[141]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en consortiumA2,[142] otiose, ratiocinate, sentientB2[143]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en scheduleB2[144]
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en nicheAB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en bequeath, boothB2, loath(ful/ly/some)A2, smithyA2, withA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en AnthonyB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Excluding words changed by flapping (sometimes described as the Script error: No such module "IPA". merger): TaoismA2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en conquistador, sequoiaScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en questionnaireB2
Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en nephewB2Template:Refn
(sounded) (silent) Excluding words changed by nasal flapping: bona fideA2, chthonicB2,[113][145] broccoliA2, coupé (vehicle), diaper, furore, herbA2,[146] KnossosB2,[147] phthisisB2, ricochetB2, salveA2,[148] solder,Template:Refn (un)toward(s)A2(prep.), B2, vaudeville
(silent) (sounded) Excluding words changed by non-rhoticity: geographyB2, Maupassant, medicineB2, miniatureA2, Nantes, Nehru,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". physiognomy, schismB2, Singhalese, suggestA2,[8] traitB2, Valenciennes, vehicleA1, Warwick(shire). See also -ary -ery -ory -bury, -berry.

Template:Notelist

Multiple differences

Spelling BrE IPA AmE IPA Notes
advertisement Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Older Americans may use the British pronunciation, and some British dialects use the American pronunciation.
agent provocateur Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-enScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Ajaccio Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en BrE approximates more to French Script error: No such module "IPA".; AmE reflects the word's Italian origin Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Algarve (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en The original Portuguese pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Aloysius Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
amateur (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
appliqué Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
atelier Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
avoirdupois Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
basalt (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Boccaccio Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original Italian pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
böhmite (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		The first pronunciations approximate German Script error: No such module "IPA". (spelled Template:Angbr or Template:Angbr); the second ones are anglicized.
bœuf Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en
(3) Template:IPAc-en 		The original French pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
bolognaise/bolognese Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en BrE uses two spellings & pronounced Template:IPAc-en. In AmE the word is usually spelled bolognese & pronounced Template:IPAc-en.
bouquet (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
boyar (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Buchenwald Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original German pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
buoyA2 Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The British pronunciation occurs in America more commonly for the verb than the noun; still more in derivatives buoyant, buoyancy & lifebuoy.
Burkina Faso Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
canton Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		difference is only in military sense "to quarter soldiers"
other senses can have stress on either syllable in both countries.
caramelA2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
carburettor/carburetor (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en BrE is spelled carburettor & pronounced Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en. In AmE the word is usually spelled carburetor & pronounced Template:IPAc-en.
cheong sam Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
clientele Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
cloisonné (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en The original French pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
corral (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
cosmosA2[149] Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
dachshund (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en
(3) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
dal segno Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original Italian pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Dante (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
dilettante (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		BrE reflects the word's Italian origin; AmE approximates more to French.
divisiveA2 Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
Don Quixote Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en Compare to Spanish Script error: No such module "IPA".
epochA2 Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
foreheadAB2 Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
fracas Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en
(3) Template:IPAc-en 		The BrE plural is French fracas Template:IPAc-en. For AmE examples (1) and (2), the plural is anglicized fracases
fusillade Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
Galápagos Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
glacier (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
harem (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
holocaustA2 Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
impasse (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
IranA2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
IraqA2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
jaguar Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
jalousie (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
junta Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The BrE pronunciation is anglicized; the AmE is closer to Spanish.
kudos Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
Lanzarote Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original Spanish pronunciation is [lanθaˈɾote], also [lansaˈɾote] in Canarian Spanish.
lapsang souchong Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
lieutenantB2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en The 2nd British pronunciation is restricted to the Royal Navy. Standard Canadian and Australian pronunciation is the same as the British.
liqueur Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
longitudeB2 Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
Los AngelesB2 Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		The original Spanish pronunciation is [los ˈaŋxeles].
Ludwig Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original German pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
machismo (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en
(3) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		AmE reflects the word's Spanish origin; BrE example (3) approximates more to Italian.
mama[150] (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
methyl Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
Meuse Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original French pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
milieuA2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Möbius Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		The original German pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA". and this is approximately reproduced in BrE.
Neuchâtel Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original French pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
NicaraguaB2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en The original Spanish pronunciation is [nikaˈɾaɣwa].
oreganoB2 Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Otranto Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original Italian pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
pedagogyB2 Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
penult Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
phthisic[151] (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
premierA2 Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
première Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
progress (noun) Template:IPAc-en
(verb) Template:IPAc-en 		(noun) Template:IPAc-en
(verb) Template:IPAc-en 		In both British and American, the noun has stress on the first syllable.
The verb has stress on the second syllable. Canadians follow the British pronunciation.
ProvençalA2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
provostA2[152] Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
quasi- Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
quinine Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Raphael Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Rawalpindi Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
renegue/renege (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		BrE uses two spellings & pronounced Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en. In AmE the word is usually spelled renege & pronounced Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en.
Richelieu Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		The original French pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Rioja[153] Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original Spanish pronunciation is [ˈrjoxa].
risotto Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en
(3) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Roquefort Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original French pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Salzburg Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The original German pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Santander (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en The original Spanish pronunciation is [santanˈdeɾ].
Schleswig-Holstein Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
Silesia (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
sloughA2 Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en sense "bog"; in metaphorical sense "gloom". Homograph "cast off skin" is Template:IPAc-en everywhere.
StavangerA2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		(1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		The original Norwegian pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA".. The BrE pronunciation Template:IPAc-en is common and also occurs in AmE.
Strasbourg Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The two original pronunciations are: French Script error: No such module "IPA". & German Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Taranto Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		The original Italian pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
tourniquet Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Trondheim Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The Urban East Norwegian pronunciation of this word is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Tunisia Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en  
turquoiseA2 (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en  
Van Gogh (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		Template:IPAc-en The original Dutch pronunciation is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
vaseA2[154][155] Template:IPAc-en (1) Template:IPAc-en
(2) Template:IPAc-en 		 
Z (the letter) Template:IPAc-en Template:IPAc-en The spelling of this letter as a word corresponds to the pronunciation: thus Commonwealth (including, Canada) zed and U.S. zee.

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Script error: No such module "Portal". Template:Reflist

Further reading

  • Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D. M., & Goodwin, J. M. (2010). Teaching pronunciation: A reference and course text (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Hartwell, Patrick. (1980). "Dialect Interference in Writing: A Critical View". Research in the Teaching of English, 14(2), p. 103.
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".; Template:Cite thesis
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Wells 2000
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ OED entry
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ All instances of B2 in this row are supported by Lexico.
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Jones, Daniel (1991). English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN.
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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