List of plants in the Bible
(Redirected from List of plants for Biblical gardens)
Template:Short description Template:More footnotes Template:Expand list This article lists plants referenced in the Bible, ordered alphabetically by English common/colloquial name. For plants whose identities are unconfirmed or debated the most probable species is listed first. Plants named in the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible or Tenakh) are given with their Hebrew name, while those mentioned in the New Testament are given with their Greek names.
A
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סנה səneh | Abraham's Bush or Blackberry |
Vitex agnus-castus, Rubus sanctus or Loranthus acaciae | Exodus 3:2 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שטה šiṭṭāh | Acacia, Spirale | Acacia raddiana | Exodus 25:10 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אלמגים ’almuggîm | Almug tree; traditionally thought to denominate Red Sandalwood and/or White Sandalwood, but a few claim it is Juniper |
Pterocarpus santalinus Santalum album Juniperus excelsa |
2 Chronicles 2:8; 9:10, 11; 1 Kings 10:11, 12 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שקד šāqêḏ | Almond | Amygdalus communis | Genesis 43:11 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אהלים ’ăhālîm | Agarwood ("Aloe") | Aquilaria malaccensis | Proverbs 7:17 |
| κρίνον, krinon | Anemone | Anemone coronaria | Matthew 6:28 |
| ἄνηθον, anēthon | Anise or Dill | Pimpinella anisum, Anethum graveolens | Matthew 23:23 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תפוחי tappūaḥ | AppleTemplate:Efn or citron | Malus domestica or Citrus medica | Genesis 2:7; Job 31:39; Jeremiah 15:9 |
B–E
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בשם bōśem, <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בכא bəḵā’îm | Balsam | Commiphora gileadensis[1] | Exodus, Songs |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שערה śə‘ōrāh | Barley | Hordeum vulgare | Numbers 5:15; Ezekiel 4:9 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אזרח bā’ezrāḥ | Bay | Laurus nobilis | Psalm 37:35 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בדלח bəḏōlaḥ | Bdellium | Commiphora africana | Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Numbers 11:7 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פול p̄ōl | Bean | Vicia faba | Ezekiel 4:9 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תאשור ṯə’aššūr | Box | Buxus sempervirens | Isaiah 41:19 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />צנ tsin | Boxthorn | Lycium europaeum | Proverbs 22:5 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אטד ’āṭāḏ | Bramble | Rubus ulmifolius | Judges 9:15 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רתם rōṯem | Broom | Calycotome villosa, Retama raetam or Spartium junceum | Psalm 120:4, 1 Kings 19:4 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גמא gōme | Bulrush or Papyrus |
Typha spp. Cyperus papyrus |
Exodus 2:3, Job 40:21 (ABP and NETS) |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אביונה ’ăḇîyōnāh | Caper, Desire | Capparis spinosa | Ecclesiastes 12:5 |
| κεράτιον, keration | Carob and Locust | Ceratonia siliqua | Luke 15:16, Matthew 3:1 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קדה qiddāh | Cassia | Cinnamomum iners | Exodus 30:24, Psalm 45:8, Job 42:14 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קיקיון qîqōnāh | Castor Oil Tree ("Jonah's gourd") | Ricinus communis | Jonah 4:9 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ארז ’ārez | Cedar of Lebanon | Cedrus libani | 1 Kings 5:10, 2 Kings 19:23 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קנמון qinnāmōn | Cinnamon | Cinnamomum zeylanicum | Proverbs 7:17 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />באשה ḇā’əšāh | Cockle or Stinkweed | Agrostemma githago | Job 31:40 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גד gad | Coriander | Coriandrum sativum | Exodus 16:31 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כרפס karpas | Cotton | Gossypium herbaceum | Esther 1:6 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חבצלת ḥăḇatseleṯ | Crocus | Crocus sativus | Song of Solomon 2:1, Isaiah 35:1 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קשא qiššu’a | Cucumber | Cucumis melo | Numbers 11:5 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כמן kammōn; κύμινον, kuminon | Cumin | Cuminum cyminum | Isaiah 28:27 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קצח qetsaḥ | Cumin, Black | Nigella sativa | Isaiah 44:14 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תרזה tirzāh | Cypress | Cupressus sempervirens | Isaiah 44:14 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ברוש bərōš | Cypress or fir | Cupressus sempervirens | Isaiah 44:14 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תמר tāmār φοίνιξ, phoinix |
Date Palm | Phoenix dactylifera | Song of Solomon 5:11; 7:7, 8, John 12:13 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />דביונים diḇyōnîm | Dove's Dung | Ornithogalum narbonense | 2 Kings 6:25 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תדהר tiḏhār | Elm | Ulmus minor subsp. canescens | Song of Solomon 5:11; 7:7, 8, John 12:13 |
F–I
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תאנ ṯə’ênāh | Fig | Ficus carica | Joel 1:7 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ארן ’ōren | Fir | Abies cilicica | 1 Kings etc. |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פשתה pešeth | Flax | Linum usitatissimum | Proverbs 31:13 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פרח peraḥ | Flowers, unidentified | 1 Kings 7:26 | |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לבונה ləḇōnāh | Frankincense | Boswellia thurifera | Matthew 2:10, 11 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שום šūm | Garlic | Allium sativum | Numbers 11:5 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ענב ‘ănāḇ | Grape | Vitis vinifera | Genesis 40:10 etc. |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חציר ḥătsîr | Grass | Numbers 11:5 | |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כמשכת חדק kimśuḵaṯ ḥāḏeq | Hedge of Thorns | Solanum incanum | Proverbs 15:19[2] |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ראש rōš | Hemlock or gall | Conium maculatum, Papaver somniferum | Amos 6:12 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כפר kōp̄er | Henna | Lawsonia inermis | Song of Solomon 1:14 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אזוב ’êzōḇ ὕσσωπος, hysōpos |
Hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis | Leviticus 14:52 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קטרת qaṭṭərāh | Incense | Boswellia sacra | Hosea 4:13 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שושנ šōšannāh | Iris (then denominated "Lily") | Iris palaestina | 1 Kings 7:22 |
J–M
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Judas Tree | Cercis siliquastrum | Matthew 27:5 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ערוער ‘ărō‘êr | Juniper | Juniperus excelsa | Jeremiah 17:6, 48:6 |
| ἄκανθα, akantha | Jujube | Ziziphus spina-christi | Matthew 27:29 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חציר ḥātsîr | Leek | Allium porrum | Numbers 11:5 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עדש ‘ăḏāša | Lentil | Lens esculenta | 2 Samuel 17:28; Ezekiel 4:9 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שושנת העמקים šōwōšannaṯ hā-‘ămāqîm | Lily-of-the-valley | Convallaria majalis | Song of Solomon 2:1 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שש šêš | Linen | Linum usitatissimum | Exodus 35:25 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />צאל tse’ĕlîm | Lotus | Nelumbo nucifera | Job 40:21–22 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מלוח mallūaḥ | Mallow | Atriplex halimus | Job 30:4 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מלוח ḏūḏā’î | Mandrake | Mandragora autumnalis | Genesis 30:15 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מן man | Manna | Alhagi camelorum | Numbers 11:7 |
| ἡδύοσμον, hēduosmon | Mint | Mentha spp. | Matthew 23:23 |
| σίναπι, sinapi | Mustard | Brassica nigra | Matthew 13:31 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לט lōṭ | Myrrh | Commiphora guidotti | Genesis 37:25, 43:11 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הדס hăḏas | Myrtle | Myrtus communis | Isaiah 55:13 |
N–R
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סרפד sirpaḏ | Nettle | Acanthus spinosus | Isaiah 55:13 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בטנ beten | Pistachio | Pistacia vera | Song of Solomon 6:11 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אלונ ’allōn | Oak | Quercus calliprinos | Joshua 24:26 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />זית zāyiṯ | Olive | Olea europaea | Judges 9:9 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בצל bətsāl | Onion | Allium cepa | Numbers 11:5 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ערמון ‘armōn | Plane | Platanus orientalis | Ezekiel 31:8, Genesis 30:37 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רמונ rimmōn | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | Song of Solomon 7:12 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לבנה liḇneh | Poplar species | Populus spp. | Isaiah 44:4 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חלמות ḥallāmūṯ | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea | Job 6:6 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אבה ’êḇeh | Reed (see also Cane) | Phragmites | Ezekiel 40:vv., Job 40:21 |
| πήγανον, pēganon | Rue | Ruta graveolens | Luke 11:42 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אגמון ’aḡmōn | Rush | Juncus spp. | Isaiah 9:14 |
S
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כרכם karkōmn | Saffron | Crocus sativus | Song of Solomon 4:14Template:Efn |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כסמת kussemeṯ | Spelt | Triticum spelta | Isaiah 28:25; Ezekiel 4:9 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נרד nêrəd | Spikenard | Nardostachys jatamansi | Song of Solomon 4:14 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נטפ nāṭāf | Stacte or Storax | Styrax officinalis, Liquidambar orientalis | Exodus 30:34 |
| συκάμινος, sykaminos | Sycamine Fig-mulberry or Mulberry | Ficus sycomorus, Morus nigra or Morus alba | Luke 17:6 |
T–Z
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אשל ’ešel | Tamarisk | Tamarix aphylla | Genesis 21:33 |
| ζιζάνιον, zizanion | "Tares", Darnel[3][4] | Lolium temulentum | Matthew 13:25–40 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אלה ’êlāh | Terebinth | Pistacia terebinthus | 2 Samuel 18:9 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חוח ḥōwaḥ | Thistle | Cardueae | Job 31:40, 2 Chronicles 25:18 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קוצ qōts | Thorn, thornbush | Vachellia tortilis or similar | Jeremiah 4:3 |
| θύϊνος, thyinos | Thyine Wood | Tetraclinis articulata | Revelation 18:12 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עצ ‘êts | Timber | 2 Kings 12:12 | |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />השרון שושנת hă-ḇatseleṯ ha-Šārōn | Tulip Sharon | Tulipa agenensis | Song of Solomon 2:1 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אגוז ’ĕḡōz | Walnut | Juglans regia | Song of Solomon 6:11,[5] Genesis 43:11 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אבטיח ’ăḇaṭṭiḥ | Watermelon | Citrullus lanatus | Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חטה ḥiṭṭāh <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חנטא ḥinṭa’ |
Wheat | Triticum aestivum | Ezra 7:22; Ezekiel 4:9 |
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ערב ‘ărāḇ | Willow | Salix alba | Job 40:22 |
| ἄψινθος, apsinthos <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לענה la‘ănāh |
Wormwood | Artemisia absinthium | Revelation 8:11 |
Notes
See also
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Quote: "Botanical synonyms: Amyris gileadensis L., Amyris opoBalsamum L., Balsamodendrum ehrenbergianum O. Berg, Balsamodendrum gileadense Kunth, Balsamodendrum opobalsamum Kunth, Commiphora opobalsamum (L.) Engl."
- ↑ Zohar Amar, Flora of the Bible: A New Investigation Aimed at Identifying All of the Plants of the Bible in Light of Jewish Sources and Scientific Research, Jerusalem, 2012, p. 220 (s. v. חדק)
- ↑ H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1843–1996, under "Script error: No such module "Lang".". The plural form "Zizania" has modernly denominated in botany wild rice.
- ↑ Thayer's Lexicon: ζιζάνια
- ↑ *Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Sources
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Post, G.E. Bible Dictionary Contributions
- Zohary, Michael (1982) Plants of the Bible. New York: Cambridge University Press.
External links
- Biblical Gardens
- Plants of the Bible, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Project "Bibelgarten im Karton" (biblical garden in a cardboard box) of a social and therapeutic horticultural group (handicapped persons) named "Flowerpower" from Germany
- List of biblical gardens in Europe
- Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- Biblical Botanical Gardens Society USA
Script error: No such module "Authority control".