List of mammals of the Netherlands
Template:Short description This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 77 mammal species occurring in the Netherlands. Two are endangered, two are vulnerable, and seven are near threatened.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
| EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to Script error: No such module "convert"..
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- Genus: Castor
- Eurasian beaver, C. fiber Template:IUCN status[1]
- Genus: Castor
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Genus: Sciurus
- Red squirrel, S. vulgaris Template:IUCN status[2]
- Genus: Sciurus
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse, E. quercinus Template:IUCN status[3]
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius Template:IUCN status[4]
- Genus: Eliomys
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetus
- European hamster, C. cricetus Template:IUCN status[5]
- Genus: Cricetus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- European water vole, A. amphibius Template:IUCN status[6]
- Montane water vole, A. scherman LC
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank vole, Myodes glareolus LC
- Genus: Microtus
- Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
- Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
- Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus arenicola LC
- European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
- Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
- Genus: Mus
- House mouse, M. musculus Template:IUCN status[7]
- Genus: Rattus
- Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC
- Black rat, R. rattus Template:IUCN status[8]
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Genus: Lepus
- European hare, L. europaeus Template:IUCN status[9]
- Genus: Lepus
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Oryctolagus
- European rabbit, O. cuniculus Template:IUCN status[10] introduced
- Genus: Oryctolagus
Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs and moles)
Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- West European hedgehog, E. europaeus Template:IUCN status[11]
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
- Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Common shrew, Sorex araneus LC
- Crowned shrew, Sorex coronatus LC
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Talpa
- European mole, Talpa europaea LC
- Genus: Talpa
- Tribe: Talpini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini Template:IUCN status[12]
- Brandt's bat, M. brandti Template:IUCN status[13]
- Pond bat, M. dasycneme Template:IUCN status[14]
- Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii Template:IUCN status[15]
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus Template:IUCN status[16]
- Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis Template:IUCN status[17]
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus Template:IUCN status[18]
- Natterer's bat, M. nattereri Template:IUCN status[19]
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus Template:IUCN status[20]
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Northern bat, E. nilssonii LC
- Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Common noctule, N. noctula Template:IUCN status[21]
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri Template:IUCN status[22]
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii Template:IUCN status[23]
- Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
- Soprano pipistrelle, P. pygmaeus LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus Template:IUCN status[24]
- Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus LC
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Myotinae
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Genus: Balaena
- Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus LC (vagrant)[25]
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis EN (functionally extinct in north eastern Atlantic, a possible right whale was sighted off Texel and Schouwen-Duiveland in 2005.[26])
- Genus: Balaena
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
- Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Balaenidae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Monodontidae
- Genus: Monodon
- Narwhal, Monodon monoceros NT
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas LC vagrant
- Genus: Monodon
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Physeteridae
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps Template:IUCN status[27]
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
- Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- Gray's beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi DD
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Subfamily: Ziphiinae
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC
- Genus: Ziphius
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
- Genus: Leucopleurus
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus LC
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC
- Genus: Globicephala
- Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca, O. orca Template:IUCN status[28]
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Family: Monodontidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- European wildcat, F. silvestris Template:IUCN status[29]
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Viverridae
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Genetta
- Common genet, G. genetta Template:IUCN status introduced, presence uncertain[30]
- Genus: Genetta
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Canis
- Gray wolf, C. lupus Template:IUCN status[31]
- Genus: Vulpes
- Red fox, V. vulpes Template:IUCN status[32]
- Genus: Canis
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra Template:IUCN status[33]
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina Template:IUCN status[34]
- European pine marten, M. martes Template:IUCN status[35]
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, M. meles Template:IUCN status[36]
- Genus: Mustela
- Stoat, M. erminea Template:IUCN status[37]
- European mink, M. lutreola Template:IUCN status[38]
- Least weasel, M. nivalis Template:IUCN status[39]
- European polecat, M. putorius Template:IUCN status[40]
- Genus: Neogale
- American mink, N. vison Template:IUCN status presence uncertain, introduced[41]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Cystophora
- Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata VU
- Genus: Halichoerus
- Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus LC
- Genus: Pagophilus
- Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus LC
- Genus: Phoca
- Common seal, Phoca vitulina LC
- Genus: Pusa
- Ringed seal, Pusa hispida LC
- Genus: Cystophora
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Red deer, C. elaphus Template:IUCN status[42]
- Genus: Dama
- European fallow deer, D. dama Template:IUCN status introduced[43]
- Genus: Cervus
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Genus: Capreolus
- Roe deer, C. capreolus Template:IUCN status[44]
- Genus: Capreolus
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
- Genus: Sus
- Wild boar, S. scrofa Template:IUCN status[45]
- Genus: Sus
- Subfamily: Suinae
Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- European bison, Bison bonasus[46]
- European wildcat, Felis silvestris[47]
- Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum[48]
- Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros[49]
- Brown bear, Ursus arctos[50]
- Moose, Alces alces
See also
- List of chordate orders
- Lists of mammals by region
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Mammal classification
- List of mammals described in the 2000s
References
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External links
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