Felinae

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Automatic taxobox The Felinae is a subfamily of the Felidae, also called or small cats, which are distinguished by a bony hyoid, because of which they can purr but not roar.[1] Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothed Machairodontinae.[2][3]

Characteristics

The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least one cutaneous lobe. Their larynx is kept close to the base of the skull by an ossified hyoid.[4] They can purr owing to the vocal folds being shorter than Script error: No such module "convert"..[5][6] The cheetah Acinonyx does not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.[7]

Taxonomy

The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim, at the time for all the cat species that had been proposed as belonging to the genus Felis.[8] In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century: Lynx, Puma, Leptailurus, Prionailurus, Pardofelis, Leopardus, Herpailurus, Neofelis and four more.[4]

The Felinae and Pantherinae probably diverged about 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.[9][10]

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:[1]

Genus Species Image of type species Range
Acinonyx Brookes, 1828Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11]
  • Cheetah (A. jubatus) Schreber, 1777Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[12]
 File:Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) on the road.jpg Africa and Southwestern Asia
Caracal Gray, 1843Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[13]
  • Caracal (C. caracal) (Schreber, 1776)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[14]
  • African golden cat (C. aurata) (Temminck, 1827)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[15]
 File:Caracl (01), Paris, décembre 2013.jpg Africa and Southwestern Asia
Catopuma Severtzov, 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[16] File:Asian golden cat at Edinburgh Zoo.jpg Southeastern Asia
Felis Linnaeus, 1758Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[19] File:Jammlich crop.jpg
Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[16] File:Puma yagouaroundi.jpg Central and Southern America
Leopardus Gray, 1842Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[27]
  • Ocelot (L. pardalis) (Linnaeus, 1758)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[28]
  • Oncilla (L. tigrinus) (Schreber, 1775)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[29]
  • Pampas cat (L. colocolo) (Molina, 1782)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[30]
  • Kodkod (L. guigna) (Molina, 1782)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[30]
  • Margay (L. wiedii) (Schinz, 1821)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[31]
  • Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi) (d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1844)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[32]
  • Andean mountain cat (L. jacobitus) (Cornalia, 1865)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[33]
  • Southern tiger cat (L. guttulus) (Hensel, 1872)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[34]
 File:Ocelot (Jaguatirica) Zoo Itatiba.jpg Central and Southern America
Leptailurus Severtzov, 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[16]
  • Serval (L. serval) (Schreber, 1775)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[35]
 File:Leptailurus serval -Serengeti National Park, Tanzania-8.jpg Africa
Lynx Kerr, 1792Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[36]
  • Eurasian lynx (L. lynx) (Linnaeus, 1758)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[37]
  • Bobcat (L. rufus) (Schreber, 1777)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[38]
  • Canada lynx (L. canadensis) Kerr, 1792Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[36]
  • Iberian lynx (L. pardinus) (Temminck, 1827)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[39]
 File:Lynx.lynx-ZOO.Olomouc1.jpg Northern Hemisphere
Otocolobus Brandt, 1842Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[40] File:Manoel.jpg Central Asia
Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[16]
  • Marbled cat (P. marmorata) (Martin, 1836)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[42]
 File:Marbled cat borneo.jpg Southeastern Asia
Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[16] File:Close-up of a Leopard Cat in Sundarban.jpg Southeastern and Eastern Asia
Puma Jardine 1834Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[47]
  • Cougar (P. concolor) Linnaeus, 1771Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[48]
 File:Cougar sitting.jpg Americas

Extinct taxa

Genus Species Image
Felis
Acinonyx

File:Head appearance of Acinonyx pardinensis.jpg

Lynx
Puma

File:De vroeg-pleistocene sabeltandkat, Homotherium crenatidens (2008) Puma pardoides.png

Leopardus
Leptofelis Salesa et al., 2017Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • L. vallesiensis
Miracinonyx Adams, 1979Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[51]
  • M. inexpectatus
  • M. trumani
 File:Miracinonyx inexpectatus.jpg
Pratifelis Hibbard, 1934Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • P. martini
Pristifelis Salesa et al., 2012Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • P. attica
Sivapanthera Kretzoi, 1929Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[52]
  • S. arvernensis
  • S. brachygnathus
  • S. linxiaensis
  • S. padhriensis
  • S. pleistocaenicus
  • S. potens
Sivapardus Bikr, 1969Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • S. punjabiensis
Vishnufelis Pilgrim, 1932Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • V. laticeps

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram:[53][54][1] Script error: No such module "Clade".

See also

References

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  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Template:MSW3 Carnivora

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External links

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