Felis
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:Use DMY dates Template:Automatic taxobox Felis is a genus of small and medium-sized cat species native to most of Africa and south of 60° latitude in Europe and Asia to Indochina. The genus includes the domestic cat. The smallest of the seven Felis species is the black-footed cat with a head and body length from Template:Convert. The largest is the jungle cat with a head and body length from Template:Convert.[1]
Genetic studies indicate that the Felinae genera Felis, Otocolobus and Prionailurus diverged from a Eurasian progenitor of the Felidae about 6.2 million years ago, and that Felis species split off 3.04 to 0.99 million years ago.[2][3]
Etymology
The generic name Felis is derived from Classical Latin Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning 'cat, ferret'.[4]
Taxonomy
Carl Linnaeus considered Felis to comprise all cat species known until 1758.[5] Later taxonomists split the cat family into different genera. In 1917, the British zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock revised the genus Felis as comprising only the ones listed in the following table.[1] Estimated genetic divergence times of the listed species are indicated in million years ago (Mya), based on analysis of autosomal, xDNA, yDNA and mtDNA gene segments.[2]
| Species | Image | IUCN Red List status and distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic cat (F. catus) Linnaeus, 1758Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[5] | File:Jammlich crop.jpg | Template:IUCN status Worldwide in association with humans or feral[6] |
| European wildcat (F. silvestris) Schreber, 1777Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7]
diverged 1.62 to 0.59 Mya |
File:European Wildcat Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald 03.jpg | Template:IUCN status[8] |
| Jungle cat (F. chaus) Schreber, 1777Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[9]
diverged 4.88 to 2.41 Mya |
File:Jungle Cat Felis chaus by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN7957 (3).jpg | Template:IUCN status[10] |
| African wildcat (F. lybica) Forster, 1780Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11]
diverged 1.86 to 0.72 Mya |
File:Parc des Felins Chat de Gordoni 28082013 2.jpg | Template:IUCN status[12] |
| Black-footed cat (F. nigripes) Burchell, 1824Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[13]
diverged 4.44 to 2.16 Mya |
File:Blackfooted2.jpg | Template:IUCN status[14] |
| Sand cat (F. margarita) Loche, 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[15]
diverged 3.67 to 1.72 Mya |
File:Persian sand CAT.jpg | Template:IUCN status[16] |
| Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti) Milne-Edwards, 1892Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[17]
diverged 1.86 to 0.72 Mya |
File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo croped.jpg | Template:IUCN status[18] |
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Pocock accepted the Pallas's cat as the only member of the genus Otocolobus.[1] Other scientists consider it also a Felis species.[19]
Several scientists consider the Chinese mountain cat a subspecies of F. silvestris.[20]
Phylogeny
The phylogenetic relationships of living Felis species are shown in the following cladogram:[2] Template:Cladogram
Extinct Felis species
Extinct Felis species in the fossil record include:
- Felis lunensis (Martelli, 1906)[21]
- Felis wenzensis (Stach, 1961)[22]
Characteristics
Felis species have high and wide skulls, short jaws and narrow ears with short tufts, but without any white spots on the back of the ears. Their pupils contract to a vertical slit.[1] A black cat from Transcaucasia described in 1904 as F. daemon by Satunin[23] turned out to be a feral cat, probably a hybrid of wildcat and domestic cat.[24] The Kellas cat is a hybrid between domestic cat and European wildcat occurring in Scotland.[25]
The Corsican wildcat is considered to have been introduced to Corsica before the beginning of the 1st millennium.[26][27] A genetic study of a dozen individuals showed that they are closely related to the African wildcat originating in the Middle East.[28]
References
External links
Template:Carnivora Template:Feliformia Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control
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