Mouse-eared bat

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:Redirect-distinguish Template:Automatic taxobox The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (Myotis) of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "myotis" itself is a Neo-Latin construction, from the Greek "muós (meaning "mouse") and "oûs" (meaning ear), literally translating to "mouse-eared".[1]

Relationships

Myotis has historically been included in the subfamily Vespertilioninae, but was classified in its own subfamily, Myotinae, by Nancy Simmons in 1998. In her 2005 classification in Mammal Species of the World, Simmons listed the genera Cistugo and Lasionycteris in the Myotinae in addition to Myotis itself.[2] However, molecular data indicate that Cistugo is distantly related to all other Vespertilionidae, so it was reclassified into its own family, the Cistugidae,[3] and that Lasionycteris belongs in the Vespertilioninae.[4] The genus Submyotodon has since been added to the subfamily, making it and Myotis its only members.[5]

Appearance and behavior

Their ears are normally longer than they are wide, with a long and lance-shaped tragus, hence their English and zoological names. The species within this genus vary in size from very large to very small for vesper bats, with a single pair of mammary glands.

Mouse-eared bats are generally insectivores. M. vivesi, and several members of the trawling bat ecomorph Leuconoe, have relatively large feet with long toes, and take small fish from the water surface (they also take insects).[6]

Longevity

Myotis species are remarkably long-lived for their size; in 2018, researchers revealed that a longitudinal study appears to indicate that Myotis telomeres do not shrink with age, and that telomerase does not appear to be present in the Myotis metabolism. 13 species of Myotis bats live longer than 20 years and 4 species live longer than 30 years.[7][8] The longest-living species of Myotis, and longest-living bat in general, is thought to be the Siberian bat (M. sibiricus); one individual discovered in 2005 was found to be over 41 years old at the time.[9]

Species

Template:Cladogram Traditionally, Myotis was divided into three large subgenera—Leuconoe, Myotis, and Selysius. However, molecular data indicate that these subgenera are not natural groups, but instead unnatural assemblages of convergently similar species.[10] Instead, Myotis species largely fall in two main clades, one containing Old World and the other New World species.[11] The ITIS presently divides it into three subgenera: Chrysopteron (containing most reddish-colored Old World species), Myotis (containing almost all other Old World species), and Pizonyx (containing all New World species and the Eurasian Myotis brandtii and Myotis sibiricus, which are more closely related to New World species than to other Old World species).[12][13] The Asian species Myotis latirostris falls outside the clade formed by these main groups, and has since been reclassified into a separate genus, Submyotodon, alongside several others.[14]

File:Myotis emarginatus - Ph. Karol Tabarelli de Fatis.jpg
Geoffroy's bat
File:Black-winged Myotis imported from iNaturalist photo 6268974 on 26 January 2022 (cropped).jpg
Black-winged myotis
File:Vespertilion bechstein.jpg
Bechstein's bat
File:Myotis crypticus - Manuel Ruedi.jpg
Cryptic myotis
File:Myotis myotis (cropped).jpg
Greater mouse-eared bat
File:Myotis yumanensis (Yuma myotis) (11362476624).jpg
Yuma myotis
File:Myotis daubentoni.jpg
Daubenton's bat
File:Southeastern Myotis profile.JPG
Southeastern myotis
File:Myotis brandtii - Manuel Ruedi.JPG
Brandt's bat
File:Myotis vivesi.jpg
Fish-eating bat

Myotis is a highly species-rich genus, and the classification of many species remains unsettled. The taxonomy below is based on that of the ITIS in 2021.[15] Some differences in taxonomy from the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World[16] are indicated in footnotes.

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See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
  2. ↑ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
  3. ↑ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
  4. ↑ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
  5. ↑ Split from M. nattereri (Ibáñez et al., 2006).
  6. ↑ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
  7. ↑ Split from M. frater (Ruedi et al., 2015).
  8. ↑ Split from M. daubentonii (Matveev et al., 2005). Includes M. abei (Tsytsulina, 2004, as daubentonii).
  9. ↑ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
  10. ↑ A new species (Borisenko et al., 2008).
  11. ↑ Split from M. nigricans (Moratelli et al., 2017).
  12. ↑ Split from M. levis (Barquez et al., 2006).
  13. ↑ Split from M. simus (Moratelli & Wilson, 2014).
  14. ↑ Split from M. martiniquensis (Larsen et al., 2012).
  15. ↑ Split from M. brandtii (Kruskop, Borisenko, Ivanova, Lim & Eger, 2012).

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 499
  3. ↑ Lack et al., 2010
  4. ↑ Roehrs et al., 2010
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Levin, E.; A. Barnea; Y. Yovel; and Y. Yom-Tov (2006). Have introduced fish initiated piscivory among the long-fingered bat? Mammalian Biology 71(3): 139–143.
  7. ↑ Growing old, yet staying young: The role of telomeres in bats' exceptional longevity, Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  8. ↑ These Bats Don't Seem to Die of Old Age—Can They Help Extend the Human Lifespan?, by Kate Lunau, at Vice; published February 7, 2018; retrieved June 12, 2018
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 500
  11. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Stadelmann et al., 2007, fig. 2
  14. ↑ Lack et al., 2010, p. 984
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Simmons, 2005, pp. 500–518
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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Literature cited

External links

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