List of mammals of peninsular Spain

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This list shows the IUCN Red List status of 115 mammal species occurring in Spanish territory in the Iberian Peninsula. Seven species are endangered, thirteen are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. If the IUCN Red List status of a species in Spain differs from its global status, the status in Spain is shown next between brackets.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

File:Bevers.jpg
Eurasian beavers
File:Eichhörnchen Düsseldorf Hofgarten Crisco edit.jpg
Red squirrel
File:Eliomys quercinus01.jpg
Garden dormouse
File:Arvicola sapidus 02 by-dpc.jpg
Southwestern water vole
File:Apodemus.flavicollis.jpg
Yellow-necked mouse
File:Ratao do banhado 1 REFON.jpg
South American coypu, established in Navarre and Catalonia as a result of escapes from fur farms.

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to Script error: No such module "convert"..

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

File:Oryctolagus cuniculus 1a.JPG
European rabbit

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

File:Igel01.jpg
West European hedgehog

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

File:Sorex granarius SvMerten.jpg
Iberian shrew
File:Galemys pyrenaicus 01 by-dpc.jpg
Pyrenean desman
File:Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg
European mole

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

File:Myotis alcathoe - Manuel Ruedi - 1 - cropped.JPG
Alcathoe bat
File:Tadarida Teniotis263.JPG
European free-tailed bat
File:Rhinolophus euryale-cropped.jpg
Mediterranean horseshoe bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

File:Orion harrapatutako azken balea (1901).jpg
Last North Atlantic right whale killed by whalers in Orio, Spain (1901)
File:CZ Rorcual FinWhale Estrecho Strait Gibraltar.jpg
Fin whale watching off Tarifa in strait of Gibraltar
File:Common Dolphins in Gibraltar Bay.jpg
Common dolphins in Gibraltar Bay
File:Delfines-gijon.jpg
Small numbers of striped dolphins around Gijón

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

File:Linces1.jpg
Iberian lynx
File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG
Common genet
File:Iberian Wolf.jpg
Iberian wolf
File:Cantabrian brown bears at Cabárceno.jpg
Cantabrian brown bears in Cabarceno Natural Park

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

File:El Pardo ciervo.jpg
Spanish red deer in El Pardo.
File:Bisontes europeos (30 de abril de 2018, Reserva y Centro de Interpretación del Bisonte Europeo de San Cebrián de Mudá) 02.jpg
European bison in San Cebrián de Mudá.
File:Cabra montés 2.jpg
Male Iberian ibex
File:Isard des pyrenees bigorre 2003.jpg
Pyrenean chamois

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 222 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Globally and locally extinct

File:Celia la última bucardo.JPG
Pyrenean ibex

The following species are globally extinct:

File:Το βλέμμα της φώκιας.jpg
Mediterranean monk seal

The following species are locally extinct in Spain but continue to exist elsewhere:

See also

References

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  3. ↑ Ceña, J.C. et al. (2004). Castor europeo en Navarra y La Rioja. Galemys: Boletín informativo de la Sociedad Española para la conservación y estudio de los mamíferos 16(2): 91–98.
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Further reading

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