List of mammals of Portugal
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Template:Short description This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 93 mammal species occurring in Portugal. One of them is critically endangered, three are endangered, eleven are vulnerable, and one is near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
| EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
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Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Genus: Sciurus
- Red squirrel, S. vulgaris Template:IUCN status[1]
- Genus: Sciurus
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse, E. quercinus Template:IUCN status[2]
- Genus: Eliomys
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Cricetidae (hamsters, voles, lemmings)
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- Southwestern water vole, A. sapidus Template:IUCN status[3]
- European water vole, A. amphibius Template:IUCN status[4]
- Genus: Microtus
- Cabrera's vole, M. cabrerae Template:IUCN status[5]
- Field vole, M. agrestis LC
- Mediterranean pine vole, M. duodecimcostatus LC
- Lusitanian pine vole, M. lusitanicus LC
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Family: Muridae (mice and rats)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Wood mouse, A. sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Mus
- House mouse, M. musculus LC
- Algerian mouse, M. spretus LC
- Genus: Rattus
- Black rat, R. rattus Template:IUCN status[6]
- Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Oryctolagus
- European rabbit, O. cuniculus Template:IUCN status[7]
- Genus: Lepus
- Granada hare, L. granatensis Template:IUCN status[8]
- Genus: Oryctolagus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- West European hedgehog, E. europaeus Template:IUCN status[9]
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
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The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula Template:IUCN status
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens Template:IUCN status[10]
- Genus: Suncus
- Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Iberian shrew, S. granarius LC
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Desmanini
- Genus: Galemys
- Pyrenean desman, G. pyrenaicus Template:IUCN status[11]
- Genus: Galemys
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Talpa
- Iberian mole, T. occidentalis LC
- Genus: Talpa
- Tribe: Desmanini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
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The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini Template:IUCN status[12]
- Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis Template:IUCN status[13]
- Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii Template:IUCN status[14]
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus Template:IUCN status[15]
- Escalera's bat, M. escalerai Template:IUCN status[16]
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus Template:IUCN status[17]
- Natterer's bat, M. nattereri Template:IUCN status[18]
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus Template:IUCN status[19]
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus Template:IUCN status[20]
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri Template:IUCN status[21]
- Azores noctule, N. azoreum VU
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Madeira pipistrelle, P. maderensis VU
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus Template:IUCN status[22]
- Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus LC
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Miniopteridae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii Template:IUCN status[23]
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis Template:IUCN status[24]
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale Template:IUCN status[25]
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum Template:IUCN status[26]
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros Template:IUCN status[27]
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi Template:IUCN status[28]
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Cetacea (whales)
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The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic right whale, E. glacialis EN
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Fin whale, B. physalus EN
- Blue whale, B. musculus EN
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Balaenidae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour porpoise, P. phocoena VU
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Physeteridae
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm whale, P. macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps DD[29]
- Dwarf sperm whale, K. sima LC
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Z. cavirostris DD
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Bottlenose whale, H. ampullatus DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's beaked whale, M. bidens DD
- Blainville's beaked whale, M. densirostris DD
- True's beaked whale, M. mirus DD
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Genus: Ziphius
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
- Genus: Leucopleurus
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus LC
- Genus: Steno
- Rough-toothed dolphin, S. bredanensis DD
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose dolphin, T. truncatus DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped dolphin, S. coeruleoalba DD
- Atlantic spotted dolphin, S. frontalis DD
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, D. delphis VU
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, G. griseus DD
- Genus: Feresa
- Pygmy killer whale, F. attenuata DD
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale, P. crassidens LC
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca O. orca DD
- Genus: Globicephala
- Short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus LC
- Long-finned pilot whale, G. melas LC
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- European wildcat, F. silvestris Template:IUCN status[30]
- Genus: Lynx
- Iberian lynx, L. pardinus Template:IUCN status reintroduced[31]
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Viverridae
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Genetta
- Common genet, G. genetta Template:IUCN status introduced[32]
- Genus: Genetta
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Family: Herpestidae
- Genus: Herpestes
- Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon Template:IUCN status[33]
- Genus: Herpestes
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs and foxes)
- Genus: Vulpes
- Red fox, V. vulpes Template:IUCN status[34]
- Genus: Canis
- Gray wolf, C. lupus Template:IUCN status[35]
- Iberian wolf, C. l. signatus
- Gray wolf, C. lupus Template:IUCN status[35]
- Genus: Vulpes
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra Template:IUCN status[36]
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina Template:IUCN status[37]
- European pine marten, M. martes Template:IUCN status[38]
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, M. meles Template:IUCN status[39]
- Genus: Mustela
- Stoat, M. erminea Template:IUCN status[40]
- Least weasel, M. nivalis Template:IUCN status[41]
- European polecat, M. putorius Template:IUCN status[42]
- Genus: Neogale
- American mink, N. vison Template:IUCN status introduced[43]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Cystophora
- Hooded seal, C. cristata Template:IUCN status[44]
- Genus: Erignathus
- Bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus LC
- Genus: Monachus
- Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus Template:IUCN status Madeira only[45]
- Genus: Phoca
- Common seal, P. vitulina LC
- Genus: Pusa
- Ringed seal, P. hispida LC
- Genus: Cystophora
- Family: Canidae (dogs and foxes)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
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The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Cervidae
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Red deer, C. elaphus Template:IUCN status[46]
- Genus: Dama
- European fallow deer, D. dama LC introduced[47]
- Genus: Cervus
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Genus: Capreolus
- Roe deer, C. capreolus Template:IUCN status[48]
- Genus: Capreolus
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Family: Bovidae
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Genus: Capra
- Spanish ibex, C. pyrenaica Template:IUCN status reintroduced
- Portuguese ibex, C. p. lusitanica Template:IUCN status
- Western Spanish ibex, C. p. victoriae introduced
- Spanish ibex, C. pyrenaica Template:IUCN status reintroduced
- Genus: Capra
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Family: Suidae
- Genus: Sus
- Wild boar, S. scrofa Template:IUCN status[49]
- Genus: Sus
Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- Brown bear, Ursus arctos[50]
- Common noctule, Nyctalus noctula[51]
- Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber[52]
- Wild horse, Equus ferus[53][54][55]
See also
- List of chordate orders
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Lists of mammals by region
- Mammal classification
- List of mammals described in the 2000s
References
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- ↑ Pascual Barea, J. (2017). Equiferus hispanus o cebro ibérico: el caballo salvaje de la Península Ibérica desde la Antigüedad a época Moderna.
- ↑ Pascual Barea, J. (2021). Equiferi y aquifolia: Cebros y acebos en la toponimia de la península ibérica.
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External links
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