116th United States Congress
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Script error: No such module "Multiple image". The 116th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021, during the final two years of Donald Trump's first presidency. Senators elected to regular terms in 2014 finished their terms in this Congress, and House seats were apportioned based on the 2010 census.
In the November 2018 midterm elections, the Democratic Party won a new majority in the House, while the Republican Party increased its majority in the Senate. Consequently, this was the first split Congress since the 113th Congress of 2013–2015, and the first Republican Senate–Democratic House split since the 99th Congress of 1985–1987. This Congress was the youngest incoming class by mean age, compared to the previous three the incoming class of freshman representatives,[1] and the most demographically diverse in history.
Upon joining the Libertarian Party on May 1, 2020,[2] Justin Amash became the first member of Congress to represent a political party other than the Democrats or the Republicans since Rep. William Carney, who served as a Conservative before switching to the Republican Party in 1985. Before joining the Libertarian Party, Amash had been serving as an independent since his departure from the Republican Party on July 4, 2019.[3] Paul Mitchell also left the Republicans in December 2020, becoming an independent.[4] Neither incumbent ran for re-election.
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Major events
- December 22, 2018 – January 25, 2019: 2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown
- January 3, 2019: Former Speaker and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi was elected speaker again.
- February 5, 2019: 2019 State of the Union Address was delayed from January 29 due to the partial government shutdown.[5]
- February 15, 2019: President Trump declared a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States.
- February 27, 2019: Former Trump lawyer Michael Cohen testified before the House Oversight and Reform Committee.[6]
- March 24, 2019: Mueller special counsel investigation: U.S. Attorney General William Barr issued a summary letter of special counsel Robert Mueller's report to congress on the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election.
- July 24, 2019: Mueller special counsel investigation: Special counsel Robert Mueller testified before the House Judiciary and Intelligence committees.
- September 24, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House opened an Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump after a whistleblower alleged the President abused his power in a phone call with the President of Ukraine.
- December 13, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House Judiciary Committee approved two impeachment articles.
- December 18, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House impeached President Trump.
- January 16, 2020 – February 5, 2020: First impeachment of Donald Trump: Impeachment trial of Donald Trump
- February 4, 2020: 2020 State of the Union Address
- March 11, 2020 – present: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
- May 26, 2020 – May 26, 2021: Nationwide George Floyd protests
- August 18, 2020 – April 6, 2022: 2020 United States Postal Service crisis
- September 30, 2020 – January 20, 2021: White House COVID-19 outbreak
- October 26, 2020: The Senate confirmed Amy Coney Barrett to the United States Supreme Court.
- November 3, 2020: 2020 United States elections were held. Joe Biden was elected the 46th President of the United States and Kamala Harris was elected the 49th Vice President of the United States, the first woman to do so. Democrats retained control of the United States House of Representatives, while Republicans briefly retained control of the Senate until January 20, 2021, because Democrats won both regular and special Senate elections in Georgia on January 5, 2021.
Major legislation
Volume 165 (2019)
Enacted
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- January 16, 2019: Government Employee Fair Treatment Act, Pub.L. 116-1
- February 15, 2019: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/H.J./Template:Replace H.J. Template:Replace
- March 12, 2019: John D. Dingell Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/S/Template:Replace S Template:Replace
- June 24, 2019: Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act, Pub.L. 116-22
- July 1, 2019: Taxpayer First Act of 2019, Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace
- July 29, 2019: Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace
- November 27, 2019: Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/S/Template:Replace S Template:Replace
- December 20, 2019: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/S/Template:Replace S Template:Replace
- December 20, 2019: Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement (SECURE) Act as part of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/S/Template:Replace S Template:Replace
- January 29, 2020: United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement Implementation Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace
- Coronavirus relief acts:
- March 6, 2020: Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace
- March 18, 2020: Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace
- March 27, 2020: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace
- April 24, 2020: Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace
- December 27, 2020: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace
- March 26, 2020: Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/S/Template:Replace S Template:Replace
- June 17, 2020: Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/S/Template:Replace S Template:Replace
- July 14, 2020: Hong Kong Autonomy Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/H.R./Template:Replace H.R. Template:Replace
- August 4, 2020: Great American Outdoors Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/S/Template:Replace S Template:Replace
- October 10, 2020: Savanna's Act, Pub.L. 116-165
- January 1, 2021: William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/H.R./Template:Replace H.R. Template:Replace (passed over veto)
- January 13, 2021: Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act, Pub.L. 116-338
Proposed (but not enacted)
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- House Bills
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: For the People Act of 2019
- H.R. 2 Moving Forward Act
- H.R. 3: Elijah Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act of 2019
- H.R. 4: John Lewis Voting Rights Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: Equality Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: American Dream and Promise Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: Paycheck Fairness Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: DC Admission Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: SAFE Banking Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: HEROES Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: Ending Qualified Immunity Act of 2019
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HR/Template:Replace HR Template:Replace: George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2020
- Senate Bills
- House Joint Resolutions
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/H.J.Res/Template:Replace H.J.Res Template:Replace: "Opposing the decision to end certain United States efforts to prevent Turkish military operations against Syrian Kurdish forces in Northeast Syria"[7]
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/H.J.Res/Template:Replace H.J.Res Template:Replace: "Removing the deadline for the ratification of the equal rights amendment"
- Passed, but vetoed
- March 15, 2019: Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/H.J.Res./Template:Replace H.J.Res. Template:Replace: Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019. (Vetoed)
- April 16, 2019: Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/S.J.Res./Template:Replace S.J.Res. Template:Replace: A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress. (Vetoed)
Major resolutions
Adopted
- October 31, 2019: Formally commencing an impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump, Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HRes/Template:Replace HRes Template:Replace
- December 18, 2019: "Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors", Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HRes/Template:Replace HRes Template:Replace
Proposed
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HRes/Template:Replace HRes Template:Replace: "Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal"
- Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/HRes/Template:Replace HRes Template:Replace: "Withdraw the United States as host from the upcoming 2026 FIFA World Cup"
Party summary
- Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section below.
Senate
| Affiliation | Party (shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | Vacant | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | |||||
| Democratic | Independent (caucusing with Democrats)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Republican | |||||
| End of previous Congress | 47 | 2 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |50 | 99 | 1 | ||
| Begin (January 3, 2019) | 45 | 2 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 52 | 99 | 1 | ||
| January 8, 2019Template:Efn | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 53 | 100 | 0 | ||||
| December 31, 2019Template:Efn | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 52 | 99 | 1 | ||||
| January 6, 2020Template:Efn | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 53 | 100 | 0 | ||||
| December 2, 2020Template:Efn | 46 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 52 | |||||
| Final voting share | Script error: No such module "Percentage". | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Script error: No such module "Percentage". | |||||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 46 | 2 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 51 | 99 | 1 | ||
House of Representatives
| Affiliation | Party (shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | Vacant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Democratic | Independent | Libertarian | Republican | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of previous Congress | 196 | 0 | 0 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |236 | 432 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Begin (January 3, 2019)Template:Efn | rowspan=8 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 235 | 0 | 0 | 199 | 434 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 23, 2019Template:Efn | 198 | 433 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 10, 2019Template:Efn | 197 | 432 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 21, 2019Template:Efn | 198 | 433 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 4, 2019Template:Efn | 1 | 197 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 10, 2019Template:EfnTemplate:Efn | 199 | 435 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 23, 2019Template:Efn | 198 | 434 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 1, 2019Template:Efn | 197 | 433 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 17, 2019Template:Efn | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 234 | 432 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 3, 2019Template:Efn | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 233 | 431 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 19, 2019Template:Efn | rowspan=3 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 232 | 198 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 13, 2020Template:Efn | 197 | 430 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 30, 2020Template:Efn | 196 | 429 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| April 29, 2020Template:Efn | rowspan=5 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 233 | 430 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 1, 2020Template:Efn | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 12, 2020Template:EfnTemplate:Efn | 198 | 432 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 22, 2020Template:Efn | 197 | 431 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 23, 2020Template:Efn | 198 | 432 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 17, 2020Template:Efn | rowspan=2 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 232 | 431 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 4, 2020Template:Efn | 197 | 430 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 1, 2020Template:Efn | rowspan=3 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 233 | 431 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 7, 2020Template:Efn | 196 | 430 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 14, 2020Template:Efn | 1 | 195 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Final voting share | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Script error: No such module "Percentage". | Script error: No such module "Percentage". | Script error: No such module "Percentage". | Script error: No such module "Percentage". | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-voting members | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of the next Congress | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 222 | 0 | 0 | 211 | 433 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leadership
Senate
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Presiding
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Senate Majority Leader: Mitch McConnell[8][9][10]
- Senate Majority Whip: John Thune[8][10]
- Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: John Barrasso[8][11]
- Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee: Roy Blunt[8][11]
- Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: Joni Ernst[8][10][11]
- Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee: Todd Young[8][11]
- Chair of the Senate Republican Steering Committee: Mike Lee[12]
- Senate Republican Chief Deputy Whip: Mike Crapo[13]
- Senate Republican Deputy Whips: Roy Blunt, Shelley Moore Capito, John Cornyn, Cory Gardner, James Lankford, Martha McSally, Rob Portman, Mitt Romney, Tim Scott, Thom Tillis, and Todd Young[13]
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Senate Minority Leader and Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Chuck Schumer[8][10]
- Senate Minority Whip: Dick Durbin[8][14]
- Senate Assistant Democratic Leader: Patty Murray[8]
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Debbie Stabenow[8]
- Vice Chairs of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Mark Warner and Elizabeth Warren[8]
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering Committee: Amy Klobuchar[8]
- Chair of Senate Democratic Outreach: Bernie Sanders[8]
- Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Joe Manchin[8]
- Secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Tammy Baldwin[8]
- Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee: Catherine Cortez Masto[15]
- Senate Democratic Chief Deputy Whips: Cory Booker, Jeff Merkley, and Brian Schatz[16]
House of Representatives
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Presiding
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- House Majority Leader: Steny Hoyer[17]
- House Majority Whip: Jim Clyburn[18]
- Assistant Speaker of the House: Ben Ray Luján[19]
- Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Hakeem Jeffries[20]
- Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Katherine Clark[21]
- Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee: Cheri Bustos[22]
- Chair of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: David Cicilline[23]
- Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Matt Cartwright, Debbie Dingell, and Ted Lieu[23]
- House Democratic Junior Caucus Leadership Representative: Jamie Raskin[23]
- House Democratic Freshman Class Leadership Representatives: Katie Hill (until November 3, 2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Veronica Escobar (from November 13, 2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., and Joe Neguse[23][24]
- Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Rosa DeLauro, Barbara Lee, and Eric Swalwell[23]
- House Democratic Assistant to the Majority Whip: Cedric Richmond[25]
- House Democratic Senior Chief Deputy Whips: John Lewis (until July 17, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and Jan Schakowsky[25]
- House Democratic Chief Deputy Whips: Pete Aguilar, G. K. Butterfield, Henry Cuellar, Dan Kildee, Sheila Jackson Lee, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Terri Sewell, and Peter Welch[25]
Minority (Republican) leadership
- House Minority Leader and Chair of the House Republican Steering Committee: Kevin McCarthy[10][26]
- House Minority Whip: Steve Scalise[10][26]
- Chair of the House Republican Conference: Liz Cheney[10][26]
- Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference: Mark Walker[26]
- Secretary of the House Republican Conference: Jason Smith[26]
- Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee: Gary Palmer[26]
- Chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee: Tom Emmer[26]
- House Republican Chief Deputy Whip: Drew Ferguson[27]
Demographics
Most members of this Congress were Christian (88.2%), with approximately half being Protestant and 30.5% being Catholic. Jewish membership is 6.4%. Other religions represented included Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. One senator said that she was religiously unaffiliated, while the number of members refusing to specify their religious affiliation increased.[28][29][30]
Roughly 96% of members held college degrees. All but 128 members were white and all but 131 members were men.[31]
Senate
The Senate included 74 men and 26 women, the most women to date. In 6 states, both senators were women; 14 states were represented by 1 man and 1 woman; and 30 states were represented by 2 men. During this Congress, Johnny Isakson retired for health reasons and Kelly Loeffler was appointed, which increased the number of women from 25 after the 2018 elections to 26. There were 91 non-Hispanic white, 4 Hispanic, 2 Black, 2 Asian, and 1 multiracial (Black/Asian) senators. Additionally, 2 senators were LGBTQ+.[1][32]Template:Better source needed The average age of Senators at the beginning of this congress was 62.9 years.[31]
House of Representatives
There were 101 women in the House, the largest number in history.[33] There were 313 non-Hispanic white, 56 Black, 44 Hispanic, 15 Asian, and 4 Native American congress members. Eight were LGBTQ+.[34] Two Democrats — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Donna Shalala — were the youngest (30) and oldest (78) freshmen women in history.[35] Freshmen Rashida Tlaib (D-MI) and Ilhan Omar (DFL-MN) were the first two Muslim women and freshmen Sharice Davids (D-KS) and Deb Haaland (D-NM) were the first two Native American women elected as well.[36] The average age of Members of the House at the beginning of the 116th Congress was 57.6 years.[31]
With the election of Carolyn Maloney as the first woman to chair the House Oversight Committee,[37] women chaired a record six House committees in a single Congress (out of 26 women to ever chair House committees in the history of Congress), including House members Maxine Waters (Financial Services), Nita Lowey (Appropriations), Zoe Lofgren (Administration), Eddie Bernice Johnson (Science, Space and Technology) and Nydia Velázquez (Small Business), as well as Kathy Castor, who chaired the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis.[37] In addition, women chaired a record 39 House subcommittees. Lowey and Kay Granger were also the first women to serve as chair and ranking member of the same committee in the same Congress since the since-defunct Select Committee on the House Beauty Shop, which was chaired and populated entirely by congresswomen during its existence from 1967 to 1977.
Diversity of the freshman class
The demographics of the 116th U.S. Congress freshmen were more diverse than any previous incoming class.[38][39][40]
At least 25 new congressional representatives were Hispanic, Native American, or people of color, and the incoming class included the first Native American women, the first Muslim women, and the two youngest women ever elected.[38] The 116th Congress included more women elected to the House than any previous Congress.[39][40]
Members
Senate
Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Template:TOC top
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- WyomingTemplate:TOC bottom
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2018 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2020; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2022.
<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/>
House of Representatives
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Non-voting membersTemplate:TOC bottom
<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/>
Caucuses
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Changes in membership
Senate
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change
|-
| Florida
(1)
| data-sort-value="Vacant" | Vacant
| data-sort-value="January 8, 2019" | Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing term as Governor of Florida before taking his seat.[41]
| data-sort-value="Scott Rick" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rick Scott
(R)
| January 8, 2019
|-
| Georgia
(3)
| data-sort-value="Isakson Johnny" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Johnny Isakson
(R)
| data-sort-value="December 31, 2019" | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2019.[42]
Successor was appointed the same dayTemplate:Efn to continue the term.[42]
| data-sort-value="Loeffler Kelly" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Kelly Loeffler
(R)
| January 6, 2020[51]
|-
| Arizona
(3)
| data-sort-value="McSally Martha" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Martha McSally
(R)
| data-sort-value="December 31, 2019" | Appointee lost special election to finish the term.
Successor elected November 3, 2020.
| data-sort-value="Kelly Mark" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Mark Kelly
(D)
| December 2, 2020[52]
|}
House of Representatives
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Template:Ordinal US Congress change
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="AAAVacant" nowrap | Vacant
| data-sort-value="January 3, 2019" | Vacant from the start of the term as allegations of fraud in the 2018 general election prevented the results from being certified.
A special election was held September 10, 2019.[53]
| data-sort-value="Bishop Dan" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dan Bishop
(R)
| September 17, 2019[54]
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Marino Tom" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Tom Marino
(R)
| data-sort-value="January 23, 2019" | Resigned January 23, 2019, to take job in the private sector.[48]
A special election was held May 21, 2019.[55]
| data-sort-value="Keller Fred" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Fred Keller
(R)
| June 3, 2019
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Jones Walter B. Jr." nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Walter B. Jones Jr.
(R)
| data-sort-value="February 10, 2019" | Died February 10, 2019.
A special election was held September 10, 2019.[56]
| data-sort-value="Murphy Greg" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Greg Murphy
(R)
| September 17, 2019[57]
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Amash Justin" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Justin Amash
(R)
| data-sort-value="July 4, 2019" | Changed party July 4, 2019.[58]
| data-sort-value="Amash Justin" Template:Party shading/Independent | Justin Amash
(I)
| July 4, 2019
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Duffy Sean" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Sean Duffy
(R)
| data-sort-value="September 23, 2019" | Resigned September 23, 2019.
A special election was held May 12, 2020.[59]
| data-sort-value="Tiffany Tom" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Tom Tiffany
(R)
| May 19, 2020
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Collins Chris" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Chris Collins
(R)
| data-sort-value="October 1, 2019" | Resigned October 1, 2019.
A special election was held June 23, 2020.[60]
| data-sort-value="Jacobs Chris" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Chris Jacobs
(R)
| colspan=1 | July 21, 2020
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Cummings Elijah" nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Elijah Cummings
(D)
| data-sort-value="October 17, 2019" | Died October 17, 2019.
A special election was held April 28, 2020.[45][61]
| data-sort-value="Mfume Kweisi" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Kweisi Mfume
(D)
| May 5, 2020
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Hill Katie" nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Katie Hill
(D)
| data-sort-value="November 1, 2019" | Resigned November 3, 2019, due to allegations of improper relationships with staffer.
A special election was held March 3, 2020, and a runoff election was held May 12, 2020.[62][63]
| data-sort-value="Garcia Mike" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Mike Garcia
(R)
| May 19, 2020
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Van Drew Jeff" nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jeff Van Drew
(D)
| data-sort-value="December 19, 2019" | Changed party December 19, 2019.[64]
| data-sort-value="Van Drew Jeff" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jeff Van Drew
(R)
| December 19, 2019
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Hunter Duncan" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Duncan D. Hunter
(R)
| data-sort-value="January 13, 2020" | Resigned January 13, 2020, following felony indictment.[65]
| colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Meadows Mark" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Mark Meadows
(R)
| data-sort-value="March 30, 2020" | Resigned March 30, 2020, to become White House Chief of Staff.[66][67]
| colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Amash Justin" nowrap Template:Party shading/Independent | Justin Amash
(I)
| data-sort-value="May 1, 2020" | Changed party May 1, 2020.[2]
| data-sort-value="Amash Justin" style="background:Template:Party color" | Justin Amash
(L)
| May 1, 2020
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Ratcliffe John" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Ratcliffe
(R)
| data-sort-value="May 22, 2020" | Resigned May 22, 2020, to become Director of National Intelligence.
| colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Lewis John" nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Lewis
(D)
| data-sort-value="July 17, 2020" | Died July 17, 2020.
A special election runoff was held December 1, 2020.[68]
| data-sort-value="Kwanza Hall" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Kwanza Hall
(D)
| December 3, 2020
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Graves Tom" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Tom Graves
(R)
| data-sort-value="October 4, 2020" | Resigned October 4, 2020.
| colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Cook Paul" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Paul Cook
(R)
| data-sort-value="March 3, 2020" | Resigned December 7, 2020, after being elected a member of the San Bernardino County Supervisors.
| colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress
|-
| Template:Ushr
| data-sort-value="Mitchell Paul" nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Paul Mitchell
(R)
| data-sort-value="December 14, 2020" | Changed party December 14, 2020.
| data-sort-value="Mitchell Paul" Template:Party shading/Independent | Paul Mitchell
(I)
| December 14, 2020
|}
Committees
Section contents: Senate, House, Joint
Senate
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House of Representatives
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| Committee | Chair | Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | Collin Peterson (D-MN) | Mike Conaway (R-TX) |
| Appropriations | Nita Lowey (D-NY) | Kay Granger (R-TX) |
| Armed Services | Adam Smith (D-WA) | Mac Thornberry (R-TX) |
| Budget | John Yarmuth (D-KY) | Steve Womack (R-AR) |
| Climate Crisis (Select)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Kathy Castor (D-FL) | Garret Graves (R-LA) |
| Education and Labor | Bobby Scott (D-VA) | Virginia Foxx (R-NC) |
| Energy and Commerce | Frank Pallone (D-NJ) | Greg Walden (R-OR) |
| Ethics | Ted Deutch (D-FL) | Kenny Marchant (R-TX) |
| Financial Services | Maxine Waters (D-CA) | Patrick McHenry (R-NC) |
| Foreign Affairs | Eliot Engel (D-NY) | Michael McCaul (R-TX) |
| Homeland Security | Bennie Thompson (D-MS) | Mike Rogers (R-AL) |
| House Administration | Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) | Rodney Davis (R-IL) |
| Intelligence (Permanent Select)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Adam Schiff (D-CA) | Devin Nunes (R-CA) |
| Judiciary | Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) | Doug Collins (R-GA) (until March 12, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Jim Jordan (R-OH) (from March 12, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| Modernization of Congress (Select)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Derek Kilmer (D-WA) | Tom Graves (R-GA) (until October 4, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[72] |
| Natural Resources | Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ) | Rob Bishop (R-UT) |
| Oversight and Reform | Elijah Cummings (D-MD) (until October 17, 2019)[45]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) (from October 17, 2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Jim Jordan (R-OH) (until March 12, 2020, from March 31, 2020 – June 29, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mark Meadows (R-NC) (March 12, 2020 – March 30, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". James Comer (from June 29, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| Rules | Jim McGovern (D-MA) | Tom Cole (R-OK) |
| Science, Space and Technology | Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX) | Frank Lucas (R-OK) |
| Small Business | Nydia Velázquez (D-NY) | Steve Chabot (R-OH) |
| Transportation and Infrastructure | Peter DeFazio (D-OR) | Sam Graves (R-MO) |
| Veterans' Affairs | Mark Takano (D-CA) | Phil Roe (R-TN) |
| Ways and Means | Richard Neal (D-MA) | Kevin Brady (R-TX) |
Joint
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| Committee | Chair | Vice Chair | Ranking Member | Vice Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic | Mike Lee (R-UT) | Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) (until January 16, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Don Beyer (D-VA) (from January 16, 2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
David Schweikert (R-AZ) | Martin Heinrich (D-NM) |
| Inaugural Ceremonies (Special)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Roy Blunt (R-MO) | Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) | Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
| Library | Roy Blunt (R-MO) | Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) | Rodney Davis (R-IL) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
| Printing | Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) | Roy Blunt (R-MO) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Rodney Davis (R-IL) |
| TaxationTemplate:Efn | Richard Neal (D-MA) | Chuck Grassley (R-IA) | Ron Wyden (D-OR) | Kevin Brady (R-TX) |
Employees and legislative agency directors
Also called "elected" or "appointed" officials, there are many employees of the House and Senate whose leaders are included here.[73]
Senate
- Chaplain: Barry C. Black[8] (Seventh-day Adventist)
- Historian: Betty Koed
- Parliamentarian: Elizabeth MacDonough[8]
- Secretary: Julie E. Adams[8]
- Sergeant at Arms: Michael C. Stenger[8]
- Secretary for the Majority:
- Secretary for the Minority: Gary B. Myrick[8]
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Patrick J. Conroy[74] (Roman Catholic)
- Chief Administrative Officer: Phil Kiko[75]
- Clerk:
- until February 26, 2019: Karen L. Haas
- starting February 26, 2019: Cheryl L. Johnson
- Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
- Inspector General: Michael Ptasienski
- Parliamentarian:
- until September 30, 2020: Thomas J. Wickham Jr.[76]
- starting September 30, 2020: Jason A. Smith
- Reading Clerks: Susan Cole and Joseph Novotny
- Sergeant at Arms: Paul D. Irving[77]
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol:
- until August 17, 2019: Christine A. Merdon (acting)
- August 17, 2019 – January 16, 2020: Thomas J. Carroll III (acting)
- starting January 16, 2020: Brett Blanton[78]
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Brian P. Monahan
- Comptroller General of the United States: Gene Dodaro[79]
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office:
- until May 31, 2019: Keith Hall
- starting June 3, 2019: Phillip Swagel[80]
- Librarian of Congress: Carla Diane Hayden[81]
- Director of the U.S. Government Publishing Office: Vacant[82]
- Counselor of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel: Ralph V. Seep[83]
- Counselor of the Office of House Legislative Counsel: Ernest Wade Ballou Jr.[84]
- Public Printer of the United States: Hugh N. Halpern
See also
Elections
- 2018 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 2019 United States elections (elections during this Congress)
- 2020 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Membership lists
Notes
References
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- ↑ Women Elected at Historic Levels, But No Surprise Here: White Men Dominate 116th Congress Template:Webarchive November 7, 2018
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External links
Script error: No such module "Sister project links".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Script error: No such module "Official website".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., via Congress.gov
- Videos of House of Representatives Sessions for the 116th Congress from C-SPAN
- Videos of Senate Sessions for the 116th Congress from C-SPAN
- Videos of Committees from the House and Senate for the 116th Congress C-SPAN
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 116th Congress
- Official Congressional Directory for the 116th Congress
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