Vai language

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File:WIKITONGUES- Varney and Omoru speaking Vai.webm
Two Vai speakers, recorded in Liberia.

The Vai language, also called Vy or Gallinas, is a Mande language spoken by the Vai people, roughly 104,000 in Liberia, and by smaller populations, some 15,500, in Sierra Leone.[1]

Writing system

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Vai is noteworthy for being one of the few African languages to have a writing system that is not based on the Latin or Arabic script. This Vai script is a syllabary invented by Momolu Duwalu Bukele around 1833, although dates as early as 1815 have been alleged. The existence of Vai was reported in 1834 by American missionaries in the Missionary Herald of the ABCFM[2] and independently by Rev. Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle, a Sierra Leone agent of the Church Missionary Society of London.[3]

The Vai script was used to print the New Testament in the Vai language, dedicated in 2003.

Phonology

Vai is a tonal language and has 11 vowels and 31 consonants, which are tabulated below.[4]

Vowels

  Oral vowels Nasal vowels
Front Back Front Back
Close Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Close-mid Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Open-mid Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Open Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Post-al.
/palatal
Velar Labial
-velar
Glottal
Nasal Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink
Stop/
Prenasalised
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Implosive Template:IPAlink (Template:IPAlink) Template:IPAlink
Fricatives Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink (Template:IPAlink) Template:IPAlink
Approximant
(Lateral)
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Template:IPAlink ~ Template:IPAlink
Trill (Template:IPAlink)

Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". occur only in recent loanwords.Template:Clarify

Sample text

The following is a sample text in Vai of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.[5]

Vai: "Script error: No such module "Lang"."

IPA: Script error: No such module "IPA".

English original: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

See also

References

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Further reading

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External links

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Template:Languages of Liberia Template:Mande languages

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  1. Ethnologue report for Vai
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