Suffixes in Hebrew

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". There are several suffixes in Hebrew that are appended to regular words to introduce a new meaning. Suffixes are used in the Hebrew language to form plurals of nouns and adjectives, in verb conjugation of grammatical tense, and to indicate possession and direct objects. They are also used for the construct noun form.[1] The letters which form these suffixes (excluding plurals) are called "formative letters" (Hebrew: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוֹתִיּוֹת הַשִּׁמּוּשׁ‎, Otiyot HaShimush).

Gender and number

Due to noun-adjective agreement rules, these apply to nouns and to adjectival modifiers. In some cases, a masculine plural noun will have a feminine plural suffix and vice versa, but the adjectival modifiers are always the same.

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָ הScript error: No such module "String". (Kamatz and he) feminine singular
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָהsusa (mare)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָה טוֹבָהsusa tova (good mare)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִ יםScript error: No such module "String". (Chirik, yud and final mem) masculine plural
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסִיםsusim (horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסִים טוֹבִיםsusim tovim (good horses)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹת‎ (Cholam and tav) feminine plural
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסוֹתsusot (mares)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסוֹת טוֹבוֹתsusot tovot (good mares)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ַ יִםScript error: No such module "String". (Patach, yud with chirik and final mem) masculine and feminine noun dual form
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יָדַיִםyadayim (two hands)

Construct state

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ַ תScript error: No such module "String". (Patach and tav) Changes a singular feminine noun to the construct form. of <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁהTorat Moshe (Torah of Moses)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵ יScript error: No such module "String". (Tzere and yud) Changes a plural masculine noun to the construct form. of <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סִפְרֵי קְדֻשָּׁהSifre q'dusha (Books of holiness)

Pronominal suffixes

Singular nouns

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִ יScript error: No such module "String". (Chirik and yud) First person, singular possessive. My
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסִיsusi (my horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתִיtorati (my law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ְ ךָScript error: No such module "String". (Shva and final khaf with kamatz) Second person, singular, masculine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסְךָsuskha (your horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתְךָtoratkha (your law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵ ךְScript error: No such module "String". (Tzere and final khaf with shva) Second person, singular, feminine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵךְsusekh (your horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתֵךְtoratekh (your law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹ‎ ( Cholam male) Third person, singular, masculine possessive. His
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסוֹsuso (his horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתוֹtorato (his law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָ הּScript error: No such module "String". (Kamatz and he with mappiq) Third person, singular, feminine possessive. Her
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָהּsusah (her horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתָהּtoratah (her law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵ נוּScript error: No such module "String". (Tzere and nun with shuruk) First person, plural possessive. Our
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵנוּsusenu (our horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתֵנוּtoratenu (our law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ְ כֶםScript error: No such module "String". (Shva, khaf with segol, and final mem) Second person, plural, masculine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסְכֶםsuskhem (your horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרַתְכֶםtoratkhem (your law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ְ כֶןScript error: No such module "String". (Shva, khaf with segol and final nun) Second person, plural, feminine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסְכֶןsuskhen (your horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרַתְכֶןtoratkhen (your law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָ םScript error: No such module "String". (Kamatz and final mem) Third person, plural, masculine possessive. Their
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָםsusam (their horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתָםtoratam (their law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָ ןScript error: No such module "String". (Kamatz and final nun) Third person, plural, feminine possessive. Their
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָןsusan (their horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתָןtoratan (their law)

Plural nouns

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ַ יScript error: No such module "String". (Patach and yud) First person, singular possessive. My
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסַיsusai (my horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתַיtorotai (my laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֶ יךָScript error: No such module "String". (Segol, yud and final khaf with kamatz) Second person, singular, masculine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֶיךָsusekha (your horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֶיךָtorotekha (your laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ַ יִךְScript error: No such module "String". (Patach, yud with chirik, and final khaf with shva) Second person, singular, feminine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסַיִךְsusayikh (your horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתַיִךְtorotayikh (your laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָ יוScript error: No such module "String". (Kamatz, yud, and vav) Third person, singular, masculine possessive. His
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָיוsusav (his horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתָיוtorotav (his laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֶ יהָScript error: No such module "String". (Segol, yud, and he with kamatz) Third person, singular, feminine possessive. Her
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֶיהָsuseha (her horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֶיהָtoroteha (her laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵ ינוּScript error: No such module "String". (Tzere, yud, and nun with shuruk) First person, plural possessive. Our
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵינוּsuseinu (our horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵינוּtoroteinu (our laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵ יכֶםScript error: No such module "String". (Tzere, yud, khaf with segol, and final mem) Second person, plural, masculine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵיכֶםsuseikhem (your horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶםtoroteikhem (your laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵ יכֶןScript error: No such module "String". (Tzere, yud, khaf with segol, and final nun) Second person, plural, feminine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵיכֶןsuseikhen (your horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶןtorateikhen (your laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵ יהֶםScript error: No such module "String". (Tzere, yud, he with segol and final mem) Third person, plural, masculine possessive. Their
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵיהֶםsuseihem (their horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶםtorateihem (their laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵ יהֶןScript error: No such module "String". (Tzere, yud, he with segol, and final nun) Third person, plural, feminine possessive. Their
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵיהֶןsuseihen (their horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶןtorateihen (their laws)

Conjugation of verbs

Qal Perfect

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּי‎ (Tav with hiriq male) 1st person sg. I did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְתִּיshamarti (I kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תָּ‎ (Tav with kamatz) 2nd person, masc. sg. You did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְתָּshamarta (you kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תְּ‎ (Tav with shva) 2nd person, fem. sg. You did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְתְּshamart (you kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />-‎ (None, base form) Qal perfect Did
3rd person, masc. sg. He did
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרshamar (kept/he kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָ הScript error: No such module "String". (Kamatz and he) 3rd person, fem. sg. She did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמְרָהshamra (she kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נוּ‎ (Nun with shuruk) 1st person pl. We did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְנוּshamarnu (we kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תֶּם‎ (Tav with segol and final mem) 2nd person, masc. pl. You did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שְׁמַרְתֶּםshmartem (you kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תֶּן‎ (Tav with segol and final nun) 2nd person, fem. pl. You did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שְׁמַרְתֶּןshmarten (you kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּ‎ (Shuruk) 3rd person pl. They did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמְרוּshamru (they kept)

Imperfect

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִיScript error: No such module "String". (Chirik male) Second person, feminine singular. You will do
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּשְׁמְרִיtishm'ri (you will keep)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּ‎ (Shuruk) Third and Second person, masculine plural. They will do, You will do
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יִשְׁמְרוּyishm'ru (they will keep)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּשְׁמְרוּtishm'ru (you will keep)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נָה‎ (Nun with kamatz and he) Third and Second person, feminine plural. They will do, You will do
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּשְׁמֹרְנָהtishmorna (they will keep)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּשְׁמֹרְנָהtishmorna (you will keep)

Imperative

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִ יScript error: No such module "String". (Chirik male) Feminine singular. do! <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שִׁמְרִיshimri (keep!)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּ‎ (Shuruk) Masculine plural. do! <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שִׁמְרוּshimru (keep!)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נָה‎ (Nun with Kamatz and He) Feminine plural. do! <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שְׁמֹרְנָהshmorna (keep!)

Derivative

Diminutive

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹן‎ (Cholam male and final nun) Diminutive, sometimes masculine
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סֵפֶרsefer (book) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סִפְרוֹןsifron (booklet)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מַחְשֵׁבmachshev (computer) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מַחְשְׁבוֹןmachshevon (calculator)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִטְבָּחmitbach (kitchen) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִטְבָּחוֹןmitbachon (kitchenette)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֹנֶת‎ (Cholam chaser, nun with segol, and tav) Diminutive, a feminine version of <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />־וֹן
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יֶלֶדyeled (child, boy) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יַלְדוֹןyaldon (boy (diminutive)) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יַלְדֹּנֶתyaldonet (girl (diminutive))
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טִפָּהtippa (drop) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טִפֹּנֶתtipponet (drop (diminutive))
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חָמוּדchamud (cute) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חֲמוּדוֹןchamudon (cutie (male)) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חֲמוּדֹנֶתchamudonet (cutie (feminine))
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִ יתScript error: No such module "String". (Chirik male and tav) Diminutive, sometimes feminine
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שַׂקsaq (sack) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שַׂקִּיתsaqqit (bag)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כַּףkaf (spoon) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כַּפִּיתkappit (teaspoon)

Abstract nouns

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּת‎ (Qubbutz and tav) Abstractive, feminine
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נַגָּרnagar (carpenter) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נַגָּרוּתnagarut (carpentry)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חָבֵרchaver (friend) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חֲבֵרוּתchaverut (friendship)

Collective nouns

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹן‎ (Cholam male and final nun) Collective, masculine
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />זְכוּתzchut (right) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />זְכוּתוֹןzchuton (a collection of rights)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִלָּהmila (word) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִלּוֹןmilon (dictionary (a collection of words))

Loanwords

These suffixes (Hebrew: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוֹפִיתsofit) often come from loanwords from English (Latin, Greek, etc...) which are especially prevalent with technical and academic terms.

Suffix Origin Hebrew Meaning Examples
-graphy Ladino <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גְרַפְיָה‎- -grafya field of study; writing
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גֵּאוֹגְרַפְיָהgeografya (hard g) geography
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קָלִיגְרַפְיָהqaligrafya calligraphy
-ic/-ical Biblical Hebrew/ English ִ<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />י‎- i of or pertaining to
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נוֹסְטַלְגִּיnostalgi nostalgic
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פּוֹלִיטִיpoliti political
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִיתִיmiti mythic(al)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מוֹלֶקוּלָרִיmolequlari molecular
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קַוִּיqavi (means: line-pertaining to) linear
-ian/-an/-ish Biblical Hebrew/ English ִ<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />י‎- i belonging to
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רוּסִיrusi Russian
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוּטוֹפִּיutopi utopian
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גֶּרְמָנִיgermani (hard g) German
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בְּרִיטִיbriti British
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פּוֹלִיטִיקַאיpolitiqai politician
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קוֹמִיקַאיqomiqai comedian
-ism English <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יזְם‎- -izm movement; discriminatory belief
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לִיבֶּרָלִיזְםliberalizm liberalism
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סֶקְסִיזְםseqsizm sexism
-kinesis Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קִינֶזִיס‎- -qinezis movement, motion
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טֶלֶקִינֶזִיסteleqinezis telekinesis
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פְּסִיכוֹקִינֶזִיסpsikhoqinezis psychokinesis
-logy (and -ology) Ladino <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לוֹגְיָה‎- -logya branch of learning
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בִּיוֹלוֹגְיָהbiyologya (hard g) biology
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טְרִילוֹגְיָהtrilogya trilogy
-mania Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מַנְיָה‎- -manya obsession
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פִּירוֹמַנְיָהpiromanya (means: pyro-mania) pyromania
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קְלֶפְּטוֹמַנְיָהqleptomanya (means: klepto-mania) kleptomania
-maniac English <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מָן‎- -man person with obsession
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פִּירוֹמָןpiroman (means: pyro-maniac) pyromaniac
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קְלֶפְּטוֹמָןqleptoman (means: klepto-maniac) kleptomaniac
-oid English <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹאִיד‎- -oid similar, but not the same
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אַנְדְּרוֹאִידandroid android
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הוּמָנוֹאִידhumanoid humanoid
-onym English <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹנִים‎- -onim name
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶפּוֹנִיםeponim eponym
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֶטְרוֹנִיםhetronim heteronym
-scope English <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סְקוֹפּ‎- -sqop instrument for viewing
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טֶלֶסְקוֹפּtelesqop telescope
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מיקרוסקופmiqrosqop microscope
-esque French <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֶסְקָה‎- -esqa resembling
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בּוּרְלֶסְקָהburlesqa burlesque
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הוּמוֹרֶסְקָהhumoresqa humoresque
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גְּרוֹטֶסְקִיgrotesqi grotesque
-y Ladino <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יָה‎- -ya having the quality of
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קוֹמֶדְיָהqomedya comedy
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הִיסְטוֹרְיָהhistorya history
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פִילוֹסוֹפְיָהfilosofya philosophy
-meter English <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֶטֶר‎- -meter measuring device;
units of measure
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בָּרוֹמֶטֶרbarometer barometer
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קִילוֹמֶטֶרqilometer kilometer
-nik Yiddish/Russian <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נִיק‎- nik one connected with
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מוֹשַׁבְנִיקmoshavniq moshav member/resident
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נוּדְנִיקnudniq bothersome person

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. Sharpe, Samuel. A Short Hebrew Grammar Without Points. Samuel Bagster & Sons, 1877. 7.

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External links

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