Southern Uzbek language

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Southern Uzbek, also known as Afghan Uzbek, is the southern variant of the Uzbek language, spoken chiefly in Afghanistan with up to 4.6 million speakers including first and second language speakers.[1] It uses the Perso-Arabic writing system in contrast to the language variant of Uzbekistan.

Southern Uzbek is intelligible with the Northern Uzbek spoken in Uzbekistan to a certain degree. However, it has differences in grammar and also many more loan words from Dari, the local New Persian variety, in which many Southern Uzbek speakers are proficient.[2]

Southern Uzbek Alphabet

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File:Adib-i sani.jpg
A 1911 text in Southern Uzbek

Southern Uzbek is written using the Perso-Arabic writing system called Arab Yozuv عرب یازوو ("Arab Script"). The writing system is for the most part identical to Persian alphabet, with 3 additional letters. These include two vowels, "اۉ / ۉ" and "اې / ې" (optional in writing, and substitutable in practice by "او / و" and "ای / ی" respectively), which are meant to represent the sounds represented in Uzbek Latin Script with "E e" and "Oʻ oʻ". The alphabet also includes a combined consonant letter "نگ", formerly (and currently in writing systems such as Uyghur) shown with the letter "ڭ". This letter represents the sound /ŋ/, and represented in the Latin writing system with "-ng". This letter makes the Voiced velar nasal sound, where in English one can for example hear when pronouncing the word "wingman".

Uzbek has 6 vowels, and it has lost its vowel harmony rules, unlike other Turkic languages.[3]

Table of Vowels in Uzbek Arabic Alphabet (with alif at the beginning of words)[4][5]
Notes IPA Arabic Latin Cyrillic
Final Medial Initial
[æ ~ ɑ] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـَه‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـَ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />اَ‎ A a А а
[ɒ ~ ɔ] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـا‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />آ‎ ‌ O o О о
[i] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـِی‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـِیـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />اِیـ‎ I i И и
In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by ی. Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords. [e] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـې‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـېـ ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />اېـ‎ E e Э э / Е е
Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords.
For loanwords from other languages than Persian, ـِه is preferred to transliterate -e. 		<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـِه‎ N/A N/A
Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords. [i, e] N/A <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـِ ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />اِ‎ I i
E e		 И и
Э э / Е е
[u] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـُو‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />اُو‎ ‌ U u У у
In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by و. [o] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـۉ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />اۉ‎ Oʻ oʻ Ў ў
Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords. [u, o] N/A <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـُ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />اُ‎ U u
Oʻ oʻ		 У у
Ў ў

Other than the additional combined letter "نگ / -ng", the consonants of Uzbek Arabic Alphabet are identical to that of Persian. Thus, there indeed is a case of various letters representing the same sound, as is the case in Persian. But the letters "ث، ح، ذ، ژ، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ع" are not used for writing of native Uzbek words. They are solely used for writing of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, or any of the European languages.

Letter Latin IPA
Final Medial Initial Isolated
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـب‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـبـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />بـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ب‎ B b /b/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـپ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـپـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />پـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />پ‎ P p /p/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـت‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـتـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />تـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ت‎ T t /t/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـث‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـثـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ثـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ث‎ S s /s/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـج‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـجـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />جـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ج‎ J j /dʒ/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـچ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـچـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />چـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />چ‎ Ch ch /tʃ/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـح‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـحـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />حـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ح‎ H h /h/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـخ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـخـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />خـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />خ‎ X x /x/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـد‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />د‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />د‎ D d /d/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـذ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ذ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ذ‎ Z z /z/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـر‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ر‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ر‎ R r /r/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـز‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ز‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ز‎ Z z /z/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـژ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ژ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ژ‎ J j /ʒ/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـس‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـسـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />سـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />س‎ S s /s/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـش‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـشـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />شـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ش‎ Sh Sh /ʃ/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـص‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـصـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />صـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ص‎ S s /s/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـض‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـضـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ضـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ض‎ Z z /z/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـط‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـطـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />طـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ط‎ T t /t/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـظ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـظـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ظـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ظ‎ Z z /z/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـع‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـعـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />عـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ع‎ ʻ /ʔ/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـغ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـغـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />غـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />غ‎ Gʻ gʻ /ɣ~ʁ/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـف‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـفـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />فـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ف‎ F f /f/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـق‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـقـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />قـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ق‎ Q q /q/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـک‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـکـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />کـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ک‎ K k /k/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـگ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـگـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />گـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />گ‎ G g /g/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـل‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـلـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />لـ‎‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ل‎ L l /l/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـم‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـمـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />مـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />م‎ M m /m/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـن‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـنـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />نـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ن‎ N n /n/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـنگ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـنگـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />نگـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />نگ‎ -ng /ŋ/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـو‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />و‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />و‎ V v /v/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـه‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـهـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />هـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ه‎ H h /h/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـی‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـیـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />یـ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ی‎ ‌ Y y /j/
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />-‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ـئـ / ـأ / ـؤ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ئـ / أ / ؤ‎ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />ء‎ ʻ /ʔ/

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Asamura, Takao. “Longing for Legacy: Vowel Harmony in the Uzbek Standard Language, 1924-1934.” Russian and East European Studies 2007, no. 36 (2007): 48–60. https://doi.org/10.5823/jarees.2007.48.
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Uzbek Turki to Persian/Dari Dictionary, authored by D. Faizullah Aimaq (فرهنگ تورکی اوزبیکی به فارسی/ دری، تألیف داکتر فیض الله ایماق) [1] (Archive)

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External links

Dictionaries

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