Northern Catalan
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Template:Catalan-Valencian cultural domain
Northern Catalan (Template:Langx),Template:Efn also known as Roussillonese (rossellonès),Template:Efn is a Catalan dialect mostly spoken in Northern Catalonia (roughly corresponding with the region of Roussillon), but also extending in the northeast part of Southern Catalonia in a transition zone with Central Catalan.[1][2] All speakers of Catalan from North Catalonia are at least natively bilingual with French.[3]
Phonology
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- Vowels
Vowels of Template:No wrap Front Back Close Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Mid Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Open Template:IPA link
- Notes:
- Northern Catalan has five stressed vowels: Script error: No such module "IPA".. In some local varieties Script error: No such module "IPA". can also be found.
- Like other Eastern Catalan dialects, unstressed Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". are realized as schwa Script error: No such module "IPA"., and Script error: No such module "IPA". substitutes unstressed Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- Script error: No such module "IPA". are mid vowels: Script error: No such module "IPA". (transcribed here without the diacritic).
- There are some instances of historic stressed Script error: No such module "IPA". that has changed to Script error: No such module "IPA".: Script error: No such module "Lang". > Canigú.
- As in the Balearic dialects, final Template:Angbr Script error: No such module "IPA". is not pronounced in words ending with ia if the stress is before the penultimate syllable.
- Northern Catalan has five stressed vowels: Script error: No such module "IPA".. In some local varieties Script error: No such module "IPA". can also be found.
- Consonants
- Notes:
- In Northern Catalonia, a uvular trill Template:IPAblink or approximant Template:IPAblink can be heard instead of the alveolar trill, e.g. Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". ('to run').[4]
Morphology
Some subdialects keep the singular masculine definite article lo, as in North-Western Catalan and many varieties of Occitan.
Northern Catalan has a large body of words imported from French and Occitan.[5] It also features some grammatical forms and structures that are typical of Occitan, such as the use of a lone post-verbal pas, rather than a lone preverbal no to express basic negation (Northern Catalan canti pas vs. Central Catalan no canto, 'I don't sing' or 'I'm not singing'); pas is also used in some other Catalan dialects for emphasis but always with no before the verb (Central Catalan no canto pas, 'I do not sing' or 'I am not singing').
See also
Notes
References
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