List of mammals of Argentina

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Template:Short description This is a list of the native mammal species recorded in Argentina. As of January 2020, the list contains 402 mammal species from Argentina, of which one is extinct, seven are critically endangered, seventeen are endangered, sixteen are vulnerable, and thirty are near threatened.Template:Refn

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles:

EX Template:IUCN status Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Template:IUCN status Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized population well outside its historic range.
CR Template:IUCN status Critically endangered The species is in imminent danger of extinction in the wild.
EN Template:IUCN status Endangered The species is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Template:IUCN status Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Template:IUCN status Near threatened The species does not qualify as being at high risk of extinction but is likely to do so in the future.
LC Template:IUCN status Least concern The species is not currently at risk of extinction in the wild.
DD Template:IUCN status Data deficient There is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction for this species.
NE Template:IUCN status Not evaluated The conservation status of the species has not been studied.

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Superorder: Ameridelphia

File:Woolly opossum.jpg
Woolly opossum
(Caluromys sp.)
File:Schwimmbeutler-drawing2.jpg
Water opossum
File:Didelphis albiventris, Bahia, Brazil.jpg
White-eared opossum
File:Gracilinanus agilis 04.jpg
Agile gracile opossum
File:Cuíca - Marmosa paraguayana cropped.jpg
Tate's woolly mouse opossum
File:Monodelphis domestica93-300b.jpg
Gray short-tailed opossum
File:Llaca.jpg
Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum
Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

Order: Paucituberculata (shrew opossums)

There are six extant species of shrew opossum. They are small shrew-like marsupials confined to the Andes.

Superorder: Australidelphia

File:Monito del Monte ps6.jpg
Monito del monte on bamboo
Order: Microbiotheria (monito del monte)

The monito del monte is the only extant member of its family and the only surviving member of an ancient order, Microbiotheria. It appears to be more closely related to Australian marsupials than to other Neotropic marsupials; this is a reflection of the South American origin of all Australasian marsupials.[1]

Infraclass: Eutheria

Superorder: Xenarthra

File:Nine-banded Armadillo.jpg
Nine-banded armadillo
File:Chlamyphorus truncatus - Naturmuseum Senckenberg - DSC02081.JPG
Pink fairy armadillo
File:Euphractus sexcinctus2.jpg
Six-banded armadillo
File:Chubut-PeninsulaValdes-Armadillo-TatuCarreta-P2230729b.jpg
Pichi
File:SouthernThreeBandedArmadillo065b.jpg
Southern three-banded armadillo
Order: Cingulata (armadillos)

Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. There are 21 extant species in the Americas, 19 of which are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and glyptodonts, once lived in North and South America but became extinct following the appearance of humans.

Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)
File:Bradypus variegatus.jpg
Brown-throated sloth
File:Tamanduá-bandeira com filhote em pastagem - cropped.jpg
Giant anteater
File:Tamandua tetradactyla qtl1-2.jpg
Southern tamandua

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas. Their ancestral home is South America. Numerous ground sloths, some of which reached the size of elephants, were once present in both North and South America, as well as on the Antilles, but all went extinct following the arrival of humans.

Superorder: Euarchontoglires

Order: Primates
File:Macaco-prego Sapajus libidinosus 2012 28066.jpg
Black-striped capuchin
File:Aotus azarae.jpg
Azara's night monkey
File:Brown Howler Monkey 6.jpg
Brown howler

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)
File:Coendou prehensilis - Buffalo Zoo.jpg
Brazilian porcupine
File:Chinchilla brevicaudata.jpg
Short-tailed chinchilla
File:Bolivian vizcacha.jpg
Southern viscacha
File:Lagostomus maximus - Parc National El Palmar en Argentine (Entre-Rios)b.jpg
Plains viscacha
File:Wildmeerschweinchen-06.jpg
Brazilian guinea pig
File:Mara Thoiry 19803.jpg
Patagonian mara
File:Чакоанская, или чакская, или малая мара (Dolichotis salinicola), Chacoan mara, Kleiner Mara, Tierpark Berlin Friedrichsfelde, 10.2012.jpg
Chacoan mara
File:Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris in Brazil in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 09.jpg
Capybara
File:Agouti Azarae.JPG
Azara's agouti
File:ZOO Ostrava Dasyprocta punctata.JPG
Central American agouti
File:Cuniculus paca (8974356586).jpg
Lowland paca
File:Tinytuco.jpg
Haig's tuco-tuco
File:Tuco-tuco, Tiny Tuco Tuco (Ctenomys minutus).jpg
Tiny tuco-tuco
File:Ctenomys osvaldoreigi!.jpg
Reig's tuco-tuco
File:Ctenomys tucumanus.jpg
Tucuman tuco-tuco
File:Tympanoctomys barrerae.jpg
Plains viscacha rat
File:Myocastor coypus - ragondin.jpg
Coypu

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

File:Guerlinguetus aestuans.jpg
Brazilian squirrel
File:Sciurus ignitus (19168910998) 1.jpg
Bolivian squirrel
File:Abrothrix sanborni.jpg
Sanborn's grass mouse
File:Calomys laucha small vesper mouse.jpg
Small vesper mouse
File:Ratinho do Cerrado.jpg
Hairy-tailed bolo mouse
File:Raton colilarga.jpg
Long-tailed pygmy rice rat
File:Reithrodon Gervais.png
Bunny rat
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
File:Sylvilagus brasiliensis1.jpg
Tapeti

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Superorder: Laurasiatheria

Order: Chiroptera (bats)
File:Noctilio albiventris.jpg
Lesser bulldog bat
File:Myotis nigricans 1.jpg
Black myotis
File:Eptesicus furinalis.jpg
Argentine brown bat
File:Histiotus montanus - Gabriel Ignacio Baloriani.jpg
Small big-eared brown bat
File:Lasiurus blossevillii2.jpg
Desert red bat
File:Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus (cropped).jpg
Hoary bat
File:Nyctinomops macrotus.jpeg
Big free-tailed bat
File:Phyllostomus discolor2b.jpg
Pale spear-nosed bat
File:Palla's long-tongued bat.jpg
Pallas's long-tongued bat
File:Sturnira lilium lostuxtlas2008.jpg
Little yellow-shouldered bat
File:Desmodusrotundus.jpg
Common vampire bat
File:Dyoungi.jpg
White-winged vampire bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
File:Salzkatze.jpg
Geoffroy's cat
File:Leopardus guigna.jpeg
Kodkod
File:Gato andino.jpg
Andean mountain cat
File:Pseudalopex culpaeus.jpg
Culpeo
File:Crab-eating Fox (cropped).JPG
Crab-eating fox
File:Speothos venaticus Zoo Praha 2011-5 (cropped).jpg
Bush dog
File:Lobo Guará andando.jpg
Maned wolf
File:Urso de óculos.jpg
Spectacled bear
File:Greater grison.jpg
Greater grison
File:Lfelina.jpg
Marine otter
File:Mirounga leonina.jpg
Juvenile southern elephant seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
File:Tapirus terrestris (1) by JM Rosier.jpg
Lowland tapir

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. South America once had a great diversity of ungulates of native origin, but these dwindled after the interchange with North America, and disappeared entirely following the arrival of humans. Sequencing of collagen from fossils of one recently extinct species each of notoungulates and litopterns has indicated that these orders comprise a sister group to the perissodactyls.[13]

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)
File:Catagonus wagneri 1 - Phoenix Zoo.jpg
Chacoan peccary
File:Vicunacrop2.jpg
Vicuña
File:Marsh deer.jpg
Marsh deer
File:Pudupuda hem 8 FdoVidal Villarr 08Abr06-PhotoJimenez.JPG
Southern pudú

The weight of even-toed ungulates is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 noncetacean artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Order: Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises)
File:Southern right whale6.jpg
Southern right whale
File:Anim1754 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
Blue whale
File:Humpback stellwagen edit.jpg
Humpback whale
File:Mother and baby sperm whale.jpg
Sperm whales
File:Commdolph01.jpg
Commerson's dolphin
File:Spinner dolphin jumping.JPG
Spinner dolphin
File:Hourglas dolphin crop.jpg
Hourglass dolphin
File:Lagenorhynchus obscurus.jpg
Dusky dolphin
File:Risso's dolphin.jpg
Risso's dolphin
File:Killerwhales jumping.jpg
Orca
File:Pseudoorca Crassidens - False Killer Whale.jpg
False killer whale
File:LF Pilot Whale Goban Spur.jpg
Long-finned pilot whale

The infraorder Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the hippos, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls.

See also

Notes

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References

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  15. ↑ DPIPWE (2011) Pest Risk Assessment: Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus). Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Hobart, Tasmania.
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External links

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