List of prime ministers of Portugal

The prime minister of the Portuguese Republic (Template:Langx) is the head of the Government of Portugal. The officeholder coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports their actions and is accountable to the Assembly of the Republic, in addition to keeping the president of the Republic informed.

There is no limit to the number of mandates as prime minister. They are appointed by the president of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party which receives a plurality of votes in the elections to be named prime minister.

The official residence of the prime minister is a mansion next to São Bento Palace, which, in confusion, is also often called "São Bento Palace", although many prime ministers did not live in the palace during their full mandate.

History

The origins of present office of prime minister of Portugal fall back to the beginning of the Portuguese monarchy in the 12th century. Typically, a senior official of the king of Portugal prevailed over the others, ensuring the coordination of the administration of the kingdom as a kind of prime minister. Throughout history, the prominent position fell successively on the Mayor of the Palace (Portuguese Mordomo-Mor), on the Chancellor (Chanceler-Mor), on the king's private secretary (Escrivão da Puridade) and on the secretary of state (Secretário de Estado).

In 1736, three offices of secretary of state were created, with the Secretary of State of the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino) occupying a prominent position over the others.

Since the Liberal Revolution of 1820, liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the secretary the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) continuing to occupy a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch (Ministro Assistante ao Despacho), a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the office of President of the Council of Ministers (Presidente do Conselho de Ministros) was created. The presidents of the council were clearly the heads of government of the kingdom, holding the executive power that absolute monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of the National Congress.

With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution, the head of government was renamed President of the Ministry (Presidente do Ministério). During this period the heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability.

With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi-fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, the prime minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years.

With the Carnation Revolution came the prime minister, which replaced the president of the council.

Prime ministers

The official numbering of the prime ministers starts with the first president of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. A second column is added after the establishment of the Republic, numbering the prime ministers from there to the present day. Another column is added for the numbering inside the three regimes: First Republic, the Second Republic and Third Republic, with a fourth column in the Second Republic to mark the numbering of prime ministers since the 1926 revolution that established the National Dictatorship and since the replacement of the National Dictatorship with the Salazarist Estado Novo. In the Third Republic, a fourth column is also used to distinguish the prime ministers of the provisional governments that existed during the period immediately following the Carnation Revolution of 1974 from the prime ministers that assumed office after the entry into force of Portugal's current democratic Constitution adopted 1976.

At the right hand side, a column indicates the official numbering of the Constitutional Governments. The numbering of the Constitutional Governments is not the same as the numbering of prime ministers since the Constitution because, whenever elections for a new parliament take place, a new constitutional government is installed, even if the prime minister remains the same; however, there is also a change of constitutional government when the prime minister is replaced, even if in mid-parliament. So, because some prime ministers managed to remain in office after fresh elections (thus serving as prime ministers under more than one parliament), there are more constitutional governments than there are prime ministers.

The colors indicate the political affiliation of each prime minister.

1. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline/independent
   
2. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
   
3. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
   
4. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
   
5. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
   
6. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
   
7. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
   
8. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
   
9. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
   
10. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
11. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
12. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
13. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
14. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
15. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
16. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
17. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
18. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
19. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
20. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
21. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    
22. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
    

Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	Monarch (Reign)
1	File:D. Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1º Duque de Palmela - Domingos Sequeira.jpg	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (1781–1850)	24 September 1834	4 May 1835	Chartist/"Chamorro"	1st Dev.	Maria II File:Coats of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834 to 1910) - Lesser.png (1834–1853) and Fernando II File:Coats of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834 to 1910) - Lesser.png (1837–1853)
			1834
			Portugal's first official prime minister; First Devourism government.
2	File:Conde de Linhares.jpg	Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho, Count of Linhares (1790–1857)	4 May 1835	27 May 1835	"Chamorro"
			—
3	File:Saldanha.PNG	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Marquis of Saldanha (1790–1876)	27 May 1835	18 November 1835	Independent	2nd Dev.
			—
			Second Devourism government; Resigned after the auction of estuarine lands of the Tejo and Sado River and for military aid to Spanish Queen Isabella II.
4	File:José Jorge Loureiro.jpg	José Jorge Loureiro (1791–1860)	18 November 1835	20 April 1836	Independent	3rd Dev.
			—
			Third Devourism government; Government fell after failure to pass a budget.
5	File:Retrato do Duque da Terceira.jpg	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (1792–1860)	20 April 1836	10 September 1836	"Chamorro"	4th Dev.
			Jul.1836
			Fourth and last Devourism government; September 1836 Revolution.
6	File:Conde de Lumiares.jpg	José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Count of Lumiares (1788–1849)	10 September 1836	4 November 1836	Septemberist	1st Set.
			—
			Belenzada attempted coup by Queen Maria II of Portugal to remove the government; Resigned in the aftermath.
—		José Bernardino de Portugal e Castro, Marquis of Valença and Count of Vimioso (1780–1840) (did not take office)	4 November 1836	5 November 1836	Independent	—
			—
			Did not take office.
7	File:Sa da Bandeira.jpg	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876)	5 November 1836	1 June 1837	Septemberist	2nd Set.
			Nov.1836
			Local government reform by minister Passos Manuel; Abolition of slavery traffic in Portuguese colonies.
8	File:António Dias de Oliveira (cropped).jpg	António Dias de Oliveira (1804–1863)	1 June 1837	2 August 1837	Septemberist	3rd Set.
			—
			Revolt of the Marshals.
9	File:Sa da Bandeira.jpg	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876) (2nd time)	2 August 1837	18 April 1839	Septemberist	4th Set.
			1838
			Portuguese Constitution of 1838; Rossio massacre.
10	File:Barão de Ribeira de Sabrosa.jpg	Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro de Almeida Carvalhais, Baron of Ribeira de Sabrosa (1788–1841)	18 April 1839	26 November 1839	Septemberist	5th Set.
			—
			Last fully Septemberist government.
11	File:GP Conde de pd-bonfim.jpg	José Lúcio Travassos Valdez, Count of Bonfim (1787–1862)	26 November 1839	9 June 1841	Septemberist	6th Set.
			1840
			Coalition government; Resume of diplomatic relations with other European powers, including Spain and the Holy See.
12	File:Joaquim António de Aguiar.jpg	Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884)	9 June 1841	7 February 1842	Septemberist	7th Set.
			—
			Known as the "Friar-Killer" due to his role in the dissolution of the monasteries in Portugal; Collapse of the Portuguese Constitution of 1838; Resigned after the restoration of the Constitutional Charter of 1826.
13	File:D. Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1º Duque de Palmela - Domingos Sequeira.jpg	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (1781–1850) (2nd time)	7 February 1842	9 February 1842	Independent	G.E.
			—
			3-day "Shrovetide Government"; Beginning of Cabralism.
14	File:Retrato do Duque da Terceira.jpg	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (1792–1860) (2nd time)	9 February 1842	20 May 1846	Chartist	1st R. Cart.
			1842, 1845
			Known as the "Restoration Government"; Torres Novas revolt; Resigned after the Revolution of Maria da Fonte; Fled to exile in Madrid; End of Cabralism.
15	File:D. Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1º Duque de Palmela - Domingos Sequeira.jpg	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (1781–1850) (3rd time)	20 May 1846	6 October 1846	Chartist	2nd R. Cart.
			—
			Emboscada palace coup.
16	File:Saldanha.PNG	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (1790–1876) (2nd time)	6 October 1846	18 June 1849	Chartist	3rd R. Cart.
			1847
			Patuleia or Little Civil War that resulted in a Chartist victory; Convention of Gramido.
17	File:Marquês de Tomar.jpg	António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Count of Tomar (1803–1889)	18 June 1849	26 April 1851	Chartist	4th R. Cart.
			—
			Returned from exile; Resigned due to political and military unrest.
18	File:Retrato do Duque da Terceira.jpg	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (1792–1860) (3rd time)	26 April 1851	1 May 1851	Regenerator	5th R. Cart.
			—
			Military insurrection of 1 May 1851; Beginning of the Regeneration.
19	File:Saldanha.PNG	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (1790–1876) (3rd time)	1 May 1851	6 June 1856	Regenerator	1st Reg.
			1851, 1852				Pedro V File:Coats of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834 to 1910) - Lesser.png (1853–1861)
			Death of queen Maria II; Pedro V ascends the throne.
20	File:Duque de Loulé.jpg	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (1804–1875)	6 June 1856	16 March 1859	Historic	2nd Reg.
			1856, 1858
			Opening of the first railway line in Portugal on 28 October 1856.
21	File:Retrato do Duque da Terceira.jpg	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (1792–1860) (4th time)	16 March 1859	1 May 1860 (died)	Regenerator	3rd Reg.
			1860
			Died in office of pneumonia.
22	File:Joaquim António de Aguiar.jpg	Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884) (2nd time)	1 May 1860	4 July 1860	Regenerator
			—
23	File:Duque de Loulé.jpg	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (1804–1875) (2nd time)	4 July 1860	17 April 1865	Historic	4th Reg.
			1861, 1864				Luis I File:Coats of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834 to 1910) - Lesser.png (1861–1889)
			Death of king Pedro V; Luís I ascends the throne.
24	File:Sa da Bandeira.jpg	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876) (3rd time)	17 April 1865	4 September 1865	Reformist	5th Reg.
			—
25	File:Joaquim António de Aguiar.jpg	Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884) (3rd time)	4 September 1865	4 January 1868	Regenerator (with the Historic Party)	6th Reg.
			1865, 1867
			Nicknamed the "Ministry of Fusion"; Forced to resign after the Janeirinha uprising.
26	File:Retrato do Duque d’Ávila e Bolama - Miguel Ângelo Lupi, 1880.png	António José de Ávila, Duke of Ávila and Bolama (1807–1881)	4 January 1868	22 July 1868	Independent (with Reformists)	7th Reg.
			—
			Repeal of the tax that ignited the Janeirinha uprising; Resigned due to the bad economic situation of the country.
27	File:Sa da Bandeira.jpg	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876) (4th time)	22 July 1868	11 August 1869	Reformist	8th Reg.
			1868, 1869
			Abolition of slavery in all Portuguese territories.
28	File:Duque de Loulé.jpg	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (1804–1875) (3rd time)	11 August 1869	19 May 1870	Historic (with Reformists)	9th Reg.
			Mar.1870
			Forced to resign after the "Ajudada" and "Saldanhada" coups, led by the Duke of Saldanha.
29	File:Saldanha.PNG	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (1790–1876) (4th time)	19 May 1870	29 August 1870	Regenerator	10th Reg.
			—
			Dismissed by King Luis I.
30	File:Sa da Bandeira.jpg	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876) (5th time)	29 August 1870	29 October 1870	Reformist	11th Reg.
			Sep.1870
			Nominated by King Luis I.
31	File:Retrato do Duque d’Ávila e Bolama - Miguel Ângelo Lupi, 1880.png	António José de Ávila, Marquis of Ávila (1807–1881) (2nd time)	29 October 1870	13 September 1871	Reformist	12th Reg.
			1871
32	File:Fontes Pereira de Melo.jpg	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887)	13 September 1871	6 March 1877	Regenerator	13th Reg.
			1874
			Longest serving Prime Minister in the Constitutional Monarchy (3 separate terms) and 2nd longest in Portuguese history; Conducted dynamic industrial and public infrastructure policy; educational reform; start of industrialization process.
33	File:Retrato do Duque d’Ávila e Bolama - Miguel Ângelo Lupi, 1880.png	António José de Ávila, Marquis of Ávila (1807–1881) (3rd time)	6 March 1877	26 January 1878	Reformist	14th Reg.
			—
34	File:Fontes Pereira de Melo.jpg	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887) (2nd time)	26 January 1878	29 May 1879	Regenerator	15th Reg.
			1878
			Resigned due to a financial scandal surrounding the National Overseas Bank.
35	File:Anselmo José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco.jpg	Anselmo José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco (1817–1885)	29 May 1879	23 March 1881	Progressist	16th Reg.
			1879
			Government fell after a motion of no confidence was presented.
36	File:Rodrigues Sampaio.jpg	António Rodrigues Sampaio (1806–1882)	23 March 1881	14 November 1881	Regenerator	17th Reg.
			1881
37	File:Fontes Pereira de Melo.jpg	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887) (3rd time)	14 November 1881	16 February 1886	Regenerator
			1884
			Lifetime terms in the Chamber of Most Worthy Peers; Portuguese Army reforms.
38	File:Luciano de Castro.jpg	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (1834–1914)	16 February 1886	14 January 1890	Progressist	18th Reg.
			1887, 1889				Carlos I File:Coats of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834 to 1910) - Lesser.png (1889–1908)
			Pink Map crisis; Death of king Luís I; Carlos I ascends the throne; 1890 British Ultimatum.
39	File:Serpa Pimentel.jpg	António de Serpa Pimentel (1825–1900)	14 January 1890	11 October 1890	Regenerator	19th Reg.
			1890
			Resigned due to the proposed Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891.
40	File:Joao Crisostomo de Sousa.jpg	João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa (1811–1895)	11 October 1890	18 January 1892	Independent	20th Reg.
			—
			31 January 1891 rebellion in Porto; Signing of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891.
41	File:José Dias Ferreira.jpg	José Dias Ferreira (1837–1909)	18 January 1892	22 February 1893	Independent	21st Reg.
			1892
			Crisis of "Rotativism" between Regenerators and Progressives; Formed what was known as the "Party calming government".
42	File:Hintze Ribeiro.jpg	Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907)	22 February 1893	5 February 1897	Regenerator	22nd Reg.
			1894, 1895
			Insular autonomy for Azores and Madeira islands; Pharmacies' law; Forest's law.
43	File:Luciano de Castro.jpg	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (1834–1914) (2nd time)	5 February 1897	26 July 1900	Progressist	23rd Reg.
			1897, 1899
			Sanitary siege of Porto in 1899 due to bubonic plague.
44	File:Hintze Ribeiro.jpg	Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907) (2nd time)	26 July 1900	20 October 1904	Regenerator	24th Reg.
			1900, 1901, 1904
			"Ignoble crap" electoral law that prevented the election of opponents of the Regenerators.
45	File:Luciano de Castro.jpg	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (1834–1914) (3rd time)	20 October 1904	19 March 1906	Progressist	25th Reg.
			1905
			"Tobacco Issue".
46	File:Hintze Ribeiro.jpg	Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907) (3rd time)	19 March 1906	19 May 1906	Regenerator	26th Reg.
			Apr.1906
			Police brutality against republicans upon the arrival of Bernardino Machado in Lisbon; Resigned after just 57 days in government.
47	File:O conselheiro João Franco, último presidente do Conselho de Dom Carlos.png	João Ferreira Franco Pinto Castelo-Branco (1855–1929)	19 May 1906	4 February 1908	Liberal Regenerator	27th Reg.
			Aug.1906
			Establishment of an authoritarian government; Academic Strike of 1907; 28 January 1908 Coup; Lisbon Regicide and death of King Carlos I and other royal family members; Manuel II ascends the throne.
48	File:Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral.jpg	Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral (1844–1923)	4 February 1908	26 December 1908	Independent	28th Reg.	Manuel II File:Coats of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834 to 1910) - Lesser.png (1908–1910)
			1908
			"Government of calm" following the assassination of King Carlos I
49	File:Artur de Campos Henriques (Arquivo Histórico Parlamentar).png	Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (1853–1922)	26 December 1908	11 April 1909	Independent (Regenerator and Progressist)	29th Reg.
			—
50	File:Sousa Telles.jpg	Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles (1847–1921)	11 April 1909	14 May 1909	Independent	30th Reg.
			—
			1909 Benavente earthquake
51	File:Wenceslau Pereira de Lima.jpg	Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima (1858–1919)	14 May 1909	22 December 1909	Independent	31st Reg.
			—
52	File:Francisco da Veiga Beirão.png	Francisco António da Veiga Beirão (1841–1916)	22 December 1909	26 June 1910	Regenerator	32nd Reg.
			—
53	File:Teixeira de Sousa.jpg	António Teixeira de Sousa (1857–1917)	26 June 1910	5 October 1910	Regenerator	33rd Reg.
			1910
			5 October 1910 revolution; End of Monarchy; royal family is exiled in the United Kingdom.

First Republic (1910–1926)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
54	File:Teofilo Braga.jpg	Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (1843–1924)	5 October 1910	4 September 1911	Republican	1st	Teófilo Braga File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1910–1911)
			1911
			5 October 1910 revolution; 1911 Constitution of Portugal; New flag and national anthem; Catholic Church assets nationalized and public manifestations of worship supervised; Severance of relations between the Holy See and Portugal.
55	File:Joao Pinheiro Chagas.jpg	João Pinheiro Chagas (1863–1925)	4 September 1911	13 November 1911	Republican	2nd	Manuel de Arriaga File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1911–1915)
			—
56	File:AugustodeVasconcelos.jpg	Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (1867–1951)	13 November 1911	16 June 1912	Republican	3rd
			—
57	File:Duarte Leite.png	Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950)	16 June 1912	23 September 1912	Republican	4th
			—
			Royalist attack on Chaves.
—	File:AugustodeVasconcelos.jpg	Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (1867–1951) (interim)	23 September 1912	30 September 1912	Republican
			—
	File:Duarte Leite.png	Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950)	30 September 1912	9 January 1913	Republican
			—
58	File:Afonso Costa.jpg	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	9 January 1913	9 February 1914	Democratic	5th
			—
			"Radical Revolt" attempted coup of 27 April 1913; Formation of the White Ant Movement, a semi-clandestine praetorian guard of the Democratic Party; Monarchist Conspiracy of 1913.
59	File:Bernardino Machado.jpg	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (1851–1944)	9 February 1914	12 December 1914	Democratic	6th, 7th
			—
			Portugal in World War I; Water-Foot monarchist revolt.
60	File:VictorAzevedoCoutinho.png	Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho (1871–1955)	12 December 1914	28 January 1915	Democratic	8th
			—
61	File:Pimenta de Castro.jpg	Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro (1846–1918)	28 January 1915	14 May 1915	Independent	9th
			—
			Ruled as a dictator; Removed from power after the May 14 Revolt.
—	Constitutional Junta composed of: José Norton de Matos António Maria da Silva José de Freitas Ribeiro Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Álvaro de Castro		14 May 1915	15 May 1915	None	—
			—
—	File:Joao Pinheiro Chagas.jpg	João Pinheiro Chagas (1863–1925) (did not take office)	15 May 1915	17 May 1915	Independent	10th, 11th
			—
62	File:José de Castro.png	José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro (1868–1929)	17 May 1915	29 November 1915	Democratic		Teófilo Braga File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1915)
			1915
63	File:Afonso Costa.jpg	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937) (2nd time)	29 November 1915	16 March 1916	Democratic	12th	Bernardino Machado File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1915–1917)
			—
			Germany declares war on Portugal.
64	File:Antonio Jose de Almeida.jpg	António José de Almeida (1866–1929)	16 March 1916	25 April 1917	Sacred Union (Evolutionist Party with the Democrats)	13th
			—
65	File:Afonso Costa.jpg	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937) (3rd time)	25 April 1917	7 October 1917	Democratic	14th
			—
			Sacred Union government; Potato Revolt with state of siege in Lisbon and Porto.
—	File:Norton de Matos (retrato).jpg	José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (1867–1955) (interim)	7 October 1917	25 October 1917	Democratic
			—
	File:Afonso Costa.jpg	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	25 October 1917	17 November 1917	Democratic
			—
	File:Norton de Matos (retrato).jpg	José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (1867–1955) (interim)	17 November 1917	8 December 1917	Democratic
			—
			December 1917 coup d'état.
66	File:Sidónio Pais.jpg	Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (1872–1918)	8 December 1917	14 December 1918 (died)	National Republican	15th, 16th	Sidónio Pais File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1918)
			1918
			Known as the President-King; establishment of an authoritarian regime; Spanish flu outbreak; assassinated.
67	File:Canto e Castro.jpg	João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes Júnior (1862–1934)	14 December 1918	23 December 1918	National Republican		João do Canto e Castro File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1918–1919)
			—
68	File:Joao tamagnini barbosa 1.jpg	João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa (1883–1948)	23 December 1918	27 January 1919	National Republican	17th, 18th
			—
			Monarchy of the North.
—	File:Avô Henrique wiki2.jpg	Henrique de Paiva Couceiro (1861–1944) (disputed)	19 January 1919	14 February 1919	President of the Government Junta of the Kingdom of Portugal	—
			—
			Monarchy of the North (in opposition to the republican government in Lisbon).
69	File:José Relvas.jpg	José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas (1858–1929)	27 January 1919	30 March 1919	Independent	19th
			—
70	File:DomingosLeitePereira.png	Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956)	30 March 1919	30 June 1919	Independent	20th
			—
71	File:Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (Arquivo Histórico Parlamentar).png	Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (1864–1950)	30 June 1919	15 January 1920	Democratic	21st
			1919
—	File:Fernandes Costa (Album Republicano, 1908).png	Francisco José Fernandes Costa (1857–1925) (did not take office)	15 January 1920		Republican Liberal	22nd	António José de Almeida File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1919–1923)
			—
			Resigned before being sworn in; Known as the "Five minutes government".
—	File:Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (Arquivo Histórico Parlamentar).png	Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (1864–1950) (reconducted)	15 January 1920	21 January 1920	Democratic	21st
			—
			Invited again to form government; Lasted just 6 days in office.
72	File:DomingosLeitePereira.png	Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956) (2nd time)	21 January 1920	8 March 1920	Independent	23rd
			—
73	File:Antonio Maria Baptista.jpg	António Maria Baptista (1866–1920)	8 March 1920	6 June 1920 (Died)	Democratic	24th
			—
			Died during a meeting of the council of ministers, due to a stroke, after reading an insulting letter.
74	File:José Ramos Preto.png	José Ramos Preto (1871–1949)	6 June 1920	26 June 1920	Democratic
			—
			Resigned just 12 days after being sworn in due to backlash for increasing salaries of members of ministerial cabinets.
75	File:Antonio Maria da Silva.jpg	António Maria da Silva (1872–1950)	26 June 1920	19 July 1920	Democratic (with the Socialists and Populars)	25th
			—
76	File:António Granjo.JPG	António Joaquim Granjo (1881–1921)	19 July 1920	20 November 1920	Republican Liberal (with the Reconstitution Party)	26th
			—
77	File:Alvaro de Castro1.jpg	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1878–1928)	20 November 1920	30 November 1920	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	27th
			—
			Held office for just 10 days.
78	File:Liberato Pinto.jpg	Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto (1880–1949)	30 November 1920	2 March 1921	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	28th
			—
			Social unrest; Calls to take power in a dictatorship.
79	File:Bernardino Machado.jpg	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (1851–1944) (2nd time)	2 March 1921	23 May 1921	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	29th
			—
			Accused of planning a coup to overthrow President António José de Almeida; Forced to resign.
80	File:Tomé José de Barros Queirós.jpg	Tomé José de Barros Queirós (1872–1925)	23 May 1921	30 August 1921	Republican Liberal	30th
			—
			Economic crisis; Request for a loan of 50 million dollars from the United States.
81	File:António Granjo.JPG	António Joaquim Granjo (1881–1921) (2nd time)	30 August 1921	19 October 1921 (Died)	Republican Liberal	31st
			1921
			Bloody Night revolt. Assassinated.
82	File:Manuel Maria Coelho.png	António Manuel Maria Coelho (1857–1943)	19 October 1921	5 November 1921	Independent	32nd
			—
			Resigned because of fears of a foreign intervention, due to the social and political chaos, by English, French and Spanish warships.
83	File:Carlos Maia Pinto.jpg	Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto (1866–1932)	5 November 1921	16 December 1921	Independent	33rd
			—
			Resigned after just 40 days in office due to lack of legitimacy after the fallout of the Bloody Night revolt.
84	File:Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (Arquivo Histórico Parlamentar).png	Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (1888–1970)	16 December 1921	7 February 1922	Democratic	34th
			—
			Social and political unrest; Resigned after a small diplomatic clash with the United Kingdom.
85	File:Antonio Maria da Silva.jpg	António Maria da Silva (1872–1950) (2nd time)	7 February 1922	15 November 1923	Democratic	35th, 36th, 37th
			1922
			First aerial crossing of the South Atlantic.
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |86	File:Antonio ginestal machado.jpg	António Ginestal Machado (1874–1940)	15 November 1923	18 December 1923	Nationalist Republican	38th	Manuel Teixeira Gomes File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1923–1925)
—
10 December 1923 failed coup; Resigned due to the fallout.
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |87	File:Alvaro de Castro1.jpg	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1878–1928) (2nd time)	18 December 1923	7 July 1924	Nationalist Republican (with the Democratics)	39th
—
Conflict between the government and the military aviation; Fights in a duel one of the members of the military aviation revolt; Resigns shortly after.
88	File:Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (Arquivo Histórico Parlamentar).png	Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (1865–1938)	7 July 1924	22 November 1924	Democratic	40th
			—
89	File:Domigues dos santos.jpg	José Domingues dos Santos (1885–1958)	22 November 1924	15 February 1925	Democratic Leftwing Republican	41st
			—
			Resigned after a motion of censorship in Parliament was approved.
90	File:Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães (Arquivo Histórico Municipal).png	Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães (1876–1957)	15 February 1925	1 July 1925	Democratic	42nd
			—
			18 April 1925 attempted coup.
91	File:Antonio Maria da Silva.jpg	António Maria da Silva (1872–1950) (3rd time)	1 July 1925	1 August 1925	Democratic	43rd
			—
			19 July 1925 attempted coup; Held office for just 30 days.
92	File:DomingosLeitePereira.png	Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956) (3rd time)	1 August 1925	18 December 1925	Democratic	44th
			—
			Portuguese Bank Note Crisis, also known as the "Alves dos Reis scandal".
93	File:Antonio Maria da Silva.jpg	António Maria da Silva (1872–1950) (4th time)	18 December 1925	30 May 1926	Democratic	45th	Bernardino Machado File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1925–1926)
			1925
			28 May 1926 coup d'état; Fall of the First Republic.

Second Republic – Dictatorship (1926–1974)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926–1932)
94	File:President José Mendes Cabeçadas.jpg	José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior (1883–1965)	30 May 1926	19 June 1926	None	1st Dict.	José Mendes Cabeçadas File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1926)
			—
			28 May 1926 coup d'état; Forced to resign.
95	File:Gomes da costa.jpg	Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (1863–1929)	19 June 1926	9 July 1926	None	2nd Dict.	Manuel Gomes da Costa File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1926)
			—
			9 July 1926 Counter-revolution; Forced to resign and sent to exile in the Azores.
96	File:Retrato do Presidente da República Óscar Carmona - Photographia Ingleza de J. & M. Lazarus (Museu da Presidência da República).png	António Óscar Fragoso Carmona (1869–1951)	9 July 1926	18 April 1928	None	3rd Dict.	António Óscar Carmona File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1926–1951)
			—
			February 1927 Revolt; Nomination of António de Oliveira Salazar as Finance Minister; Strong austerity and fiscal consolidation.
97	File:José Vicente de Freitas.JPG	José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952)	18 April 1928	8 July 1929	None	4th Dict. 5th Dict.
			—
			Resigned due to internal government disagreements over separation of church and state.
98	File:Artur Ivens Ferraz - 1923.jpg	Artur Ivens Ferraz (1870–1933)	8 July 1929	21 January 1930	None	6th Dict.
			—
			Resigned due to disagreements with Salazar over the future of the regime.
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |99	File:Domingos Oliveira.jpg	Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa e Oliveira (1873–1957)	21 January 1930	5 July 1932	National Union	7th Dict.
—
1931 Madeira uprising; 26 August 1931 Revolt.
Estado Novo – New State (1932–1974)
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |100	File:António de Oliveira Salazar portrait (by Manuel Alves San Payo) – Lisboa.jpg	António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970)	5 July 1932	25 September 1968	National Union	8th Dict. 9th Dict. 10th Dict.
1934, 1938, 1942, 1945, 1949, 1953, 1957, 1961, 1965			Francisco Craveiro Lopes File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1951–1958)
Longest-serving prime minister in Portuguese history; Formation of the Estado Novo; Portuguese Constitution of 1933; Strong economic and fiscal stabilization; Spanish Civil War; 1936 Naval Revolt; Concordat of 1940 between Portugal and the Holy See; Portugal neutrality during World War II; Marshall Plan; Repression of civil liberties and political freedoms; co-founder of United Nations, NATO, OCDE and EFTA; 1958 Presidential election fallout; 1960s Economic expansion; loss of Portuguese India; 1961 "Abrilada" attempted coup; Portuguese Colonial War; 1962 Academic Crisis; 1967 Lisbon floods; Replaced after suffering a brain hemorrhage.				Américo Tomás File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1958–1974)
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |101	File:Marcello caetano.jpg	Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano (1906–1980)	25 September 1968		25 April 1974	National Union from 1970 People's National Action	11th Dict.
1969, 1973
Marceloist Spring of 1968–70; 1969 Portugal earthquake; Economic expansion (until 1973), Portuguese Colonial War; 1973 oil crisis; Attempted March 1974 coup "Caldas Resurgence"; Carnation Revolution; Flown under custody to Madeira and, later, went into exile to Brazil.

Third Republic (1974–present)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
Provisional Governments of the Revolutionary Period (1974–1976)
—	National Salvation Junta composed of: António de Spínola, Francisco da Costa Gomes Jaime Silvério Marques, Diogo Neto, Carlos Galvão de Melo José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo, António Alva Rosa Coutinho		25 April 1974	16 May 1974	None	—	António de Spínola File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1974)
			—
			Military junta designated to maintain government following the Carnation Revolution.
102	Template:CSS image crop	Adelino da Palma Carlos (1905–1992)	16 May 1974	18 July 1974	Independent	Prov. I
			—
			Lawyer, opponent of the Estado Novo, appointed by Presidential nomination; Led a broad-based cabinet; Resigned due to disagreements with the electoral calendar.
103	Template:CSS image crop	Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves (1921–2005)	18 July 1974	19 September 1975	Independent	Prov. II
						Prov. III
						Prov. IV	Francisco da Costa Gomes File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1974–1976)
						Prov. V
			1975 Cst.
			Army colonel; Beginning of the decolonization of the Portuguese colonies in Africa; Nationalization of banks and insurance companies after the events of 11 March 1975; Land reform; Introduction of a minimum wage; PREC; Dismissed by President Costa Gomes.
104		José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo (1917–1983)	19 September 1975	23 June 1976	Independent	Prov. VI
			—
			Admiral; Signature of the declaration of independence of Angola and official end of the Portuguese Colonial War; November 1975 Parliament siege; Coup of 25 November 1975; Approval of the new Constitution.
—		Vasco Fernando Leotte de Almeida e Costa (1932–2010) interim	23 June 1976	23 July 1976	Independent	(Prov. VI)
			—
			Minister of Internal Administration under Pinheiro de Azevedo; Becomes interim Prime Minister when Azevedo suffered a heart attack.
Prime Ministers heading Constitutional Governments (1976–present)
rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 105	File:Mário Soares par Claude Truong-Ngoc 1978.png	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–2017)	23 July 1976	28 August 1978	rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist	Template:Party shading/PS| I[Min.]	António Ramalho Eanes File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1976–1986)
IITemplate:Efn
			1976
First democratically appointed prime minister; 1976-1978 economic crisis; International Monetary Fund loan; Submission of the candidacy of Portugal to the EEC; 1977 motion of confidence defeat; Government dismissed by President Eanes after disagreements between PS and CDS.
106		Alfredo Jorge Nobre da Costa (1923–1996)	28 August 1978	22 November 1978	Independent	III
			—
			Appointed by Presidential nomination. Resigned after his cabinet failed to gain Parliamentary support.
107		Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto (1936–1985)	22 November 1978	1 August 1979	Independent	IV
			—
			Appointed by Presidential nomination; Resigned after failure to pass policies in Parliament.
108	File:Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo (1986) (cropped).jpg	Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (1930–2004)	1 August 1979	3 January 1980	Independent	V
			—
			Appointed by Presidential nomination. First and only female Prime Minister of Portugal; Foundation of the NHS (National Health Service).
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |109	File:Francisco Sá Carneiro.jpg	Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro (1934–1980)	3 January 1980	4 December 1980 (died)	rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic	VITemplate:Efn
1979, 1980
First centre-right prime minister since the Revolution; 1980 Azores Islands earthquake; Died in a plane crash. The accident triggered a number of conspiracy theories.
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |—	File:Freitas do Amaral, XV Cimeira Ibero-Americana - Salamanca, Espanha (cropped).jpg	Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (1941–2019) interim	4 December 1980	9 January 1981	rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PP| Democratic and Social Centre	(VI)Template:Efn
—
Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister under Francisco Sá Carneiro; interim Prime Minister upon Sá Carneiro's death.
rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |110	File:Francisco Pinto Balsemão 1982 (cropped).jpg	Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão (1937–2025)	9 January 1981	9 June 1983	rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic	VIITemplate:Efn
VIIITemplate:Efn
			—
1982 constitutional revision; Abolition of the Revolutionary Council; Creation of the Constitutional Court; First general strike in democracy; Resigned after a poor result in the 1982 local elections.
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 111	File:Mário Soares par Claude Truong-Ngoc 1978.png	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–2017) (2nd time)	9 June 1983	6 November 1985	rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist	IXTemplate:Efn
1983
Central Bloc (PS/PSD) coalition; Portugal's entry to the EEC; Dona Branca scandal; 1983-1985 economic crisis; International Monetary Fund loan; Moimenta-Alcafache train crash; Resigned after the Central Bloc coalition split.
rowspan="5" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |112	File:Cavaco Silva 1988.png	Aníbal António Cavaco Silva (born 1939)	6 November 1985	28 October 1995	rowspan="4" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic	Template:Party shading/PSD| X[Min.]
Template:Party shading/PSD| XI					Template:Party shading/PS rowspan="5"| Mário Soares File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1986–1996)
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD| XII
1985, 1987, 1991
Longest serving prime minister in democracy and 3rd longest in Portuguese history; economic expansion; privatization of many previously government-owned industries; 1987 motion of no confidence; First time a single party won an absolute majority since the revolution; Chiado 1988 fire; 1989 and 1992 constitutional revisions; "Secos e molhados" police protests; Signing of the Maastricht Treaty; End of the Cold War; Bicesse Accords; Gulf War; 1992 Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union; Legalization of private TV channels; Early 1990s recession; Riots against tolls on 25 April Bridge.
rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 113	File:Guterres EP 2000 (cropped).jpg	António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres (born 1949)	28 October 1995	6 April 2002	rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist	Template:Party shading/PS| XIII[Min.]
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PS| XIV[Min.]					Template:Party shading/PS rowspan="10"| Jorge Sampaio File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (1996–2006)
1995, 1999
Economic expansion; Expo 98; 1998 Abortion and Regionalisation referendums; 1998 Azores Islands earthquake; Macau handover; East Timor issue; 1997 and 2001 constitutional revisions; 2000 Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union; Hintze Ribeiro Bridge disaster; Decriminalization of drug use; Portugal joins the European single currency; Resigned after a poor result in the 2001 local elections; Later became Secretary-General of the United Nations.
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |114	File:Barroso EC Portrait 2005 (cropped).jpg	José Manuel Durão Barroso (born 1956)	6 April 2002	17 July 2004	rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic	rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PàF| XVTemplate:Efn
2002
Prestige disaster; 2003 Portuguese wildfires; Casa Pia child sexual abuse scandal; Iraq War; UEFA Euro 2004; 2004 constitutional revision; Resigned to become President of the European Commission.
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |115	Template:CSS image crop	Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes (born 1956)	17 July 2004	12 March 2005	rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic	rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PàF| XVITemplate:Efn
—
Mayor of Lisbon (2002–2004, 2005). Replaced José Manuel Barroso as Prime Minister; Resigned due to the dissolution of Parliament by the President.
rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 116	File:José Sócrates 2006 (cropped).jpg	José Sócrates de Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (born 1957)	12 March 2005	21 June 2011	rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist	Template:Party shading/PS| XVII
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PS| XVIII[Min.]					Template:Party shading/PSD rowspan="8"| Aníbal Cavaco Silva File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (2006–2016)
2005, 2009
First time the Socialist Party won an absolute majority; 2005 constitutional revision; 2005 Portuguese wildfires; 2007 Abortion referendum; 2007 Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union; Treaty of Lisbon; Independente affair; Face Oculta scandal; Nationalization of BPN; Same-sex marriage legislation; 2010 Madeira floods and mudslides; 2011 Portuguese protests; 2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis; Resigned after failure to pass austerity measures in Parliament.
rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |117	File:Pedro Passos Coelho 2014 (cropped).jpg	Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (born 1964)	21 June 2011	26 November 2015	rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic	Template:Party shading/PàF|XIXTemplate:Efn
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PàF;"| XX[Min.]Template:Efn
2011, 2015
2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis; 2011 Portuguese IMF/ECB bailout; Secret Services and Ongoing espionage scandal; 15 September 2012 mass protests; European Fiscal Union approval; 2013 governmental crisis and reshuffle; 2014 Banco Espírito Santo bankruptcy and money laundering scandal; Arrest of former Prime Minister José Sócrates; Won the 2015 election but lost his majority; Defeated in a vote of no confidence and removed from office.
rowspan="5" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 118	File:António Costa- 2017 - Web Summit - 24778904437 (cropped).jpg	António Luís Santos da Costa (born 1961)	26 November 2015	2 April 2024	rowspan="4" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist	Template:Party shading/PS| XXI[Min.]
Template:Party shading/PS|XXII[Min.]					Template:Party shading/PSD rowspan="8"| Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa File:Coat of arms of Portugal (Lesser).svg (2016–present)
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PS| XXIII
2019, 2022
First Prime Minister from the second largest party in the elections; Formed a parliamentary agreement with BE, PCP and PEV; June 2017 Portugal wildfires; Tancos arms theft scandal; October 2017 Iberian wildfires; COVID-19 pandemic; 2020 stock market crash and subsequent recession; 2021 Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union; 2021–2023 inflation surge; Resigned following the Operation Influencer corruption investigation.
rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 119	File:Luís Montenegro, 2025.06.26 (01) (cropped).jpg	Luís Filipe Montenegro Cardoso de Morais Esteves (born 1973)	2 April 2024	Incumbent	rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic	XXIV[Min.]Template:Efn
XXV[Min.]Template:Efn
			2024, 2025
Minority governments led by the Democratic Alliance coalition; 2024 Portugal wildfires; Spinumviva case; 2025 motion of confidence defeat; 2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout; 2025 Ascensor da Glória derailment; 2025 Portuguese general strike.

Timeline

<timeline> ImageSize = width:1300 height:auto barincrement:17 PlotArea = top:30 bottom:145 right:130 left:3 AlignBars = late

Colors =

 id:canvas   value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)

 id:IND    value:rgb(0.50,0.50,0.50)    legend:None_(Independent)
 id:CHA    value:rgb(0.063,0.376,0.686) legend:Chartist
 id:CHAM   value:rgb(0.063,0.376,0.686) legend:Chamorro
 id:SEP    value:rgb(1,0.647,0.0)       legend:Septemberist
 id:REG    value:rgb(0.063,0.376,0.686) legend:Regenerator
 id:HIS    value:rgb(0.937,0.110,0.153) legend:Historic
 id:REF    value:rgb(0.937,0.110,0.153) legend:Reformist
 id:PRO    value:rgb(0.937,0.110,0.153) legend:Progressist
 id:PRL    value:rgb(0,0.28,0.67)       legend:Liberal_Regenerator
 id:PR     value:rgb(0.04,0.85,0.31)    legend:Republican
 id:PD     value:rgb(0.945,0.475,0.475) legend:Democratic
 id:SU     value:rgb(0.404,0.184,0.424) legend:Sacred_Union_(Evolutionist)
 id:PNR    value:rgb(0.29,0.27,0.16)    legend:National_Republican/Sidonist
 id:PLR    value:rgb(0,0,0.55)          legend:Republican_Liberal
 id:PRRN   value:rgb(0.0,0.388,0.714)   legend:Reconstitution
 id:PRN    value:rgb(0.153,0.651,0.886) legend:Nationalist_Republican
 id:PRED   value:rgb(0.886,0.345,0.133) legend:Democratic_Left-wing_Republican
 id:UN/ANP value:rgb(0,0.28,0.67)       legend:National_Union/Popular_National_Action
 id:PS     value:rgb(1,0.40,1)          legend:Socialist
 id:PSD    value:rgb(1,0.60,0)          legend:Social_Democratic
 id:CDS-PP value:blue                   legend:CDS_-_People's_Party

 id:gray1  value:gray(0.8)
 id:gray2  value:gray(0.9)
 id:grid   value:gray(0.5)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1834 till:13/05/2026 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1835 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1834

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:110 columnwidth:230

TextData =

 pos:(20,115) textcolor:black fontsize:M
 text:"Political parties:"

BarData =

 barset:PM

 bar:Country

 bar:PedrodeSousaHolstein
 bar:VitórioMariaFranciscodeSousaCoutinhoTeixeiradeAndradeBarbosa
 bar:JoãoOliveiraeDaun
 bar:JoséJorgeLoureiro
 bar:AntónioJoséSeverimdeNoronha
 bar:JosédaGamaCarneiroeSousa
 bar:JoséBernardinodePortugaleCastro
 bar:BernardodeSáNogueiradeFigueiredo
 bar:AntónioDiasdeOliveira
 bar:RodrigoPintoPizarrodeAlmeidaCarvalhais
 bar:JoséTravassosValdez
 bar:JoaquimAntóniodeAguiar
 bar:AntónioBernardodaCostaCabral
 bar:NunoJoséSeverodeMendonçaRolimdeMouraBarreto
 bar:AntónioJosédeÁvila
 bar:AntónioMariadeFontesPereiradeMelo
 bar:AnselmoJoséBraamcamp
 bar:AntónioRodriguesSampaio
 bar:JoséLucianodeCastro
 bar:AntóniodeSerpaPimentel
 bar:JoãoCrisóstomodeAbreueSousa
 bar:JoséDiasFerreira
 bar:ErnestoRodolfoHintzeRibeiro
 bar:JoãoFranco
 bar:FranciscoJoaquimFerreiradoAmaral
 bar:ArturAlbertodeCamposHenriques
 bar:SebastiãoCustódiodeSousaTeles
 bar:VenceslaudeSousaPereiradeLima
 bar:FranciscoAntóniodaVeigaBeirão
 bar:AntónioTeixeiradeSousa
 bar:TeófiloBraga
 bar:JoãoPinheiroChagas
 bar:AugustoCésardeAlmeidadeVasconcelosCorreia
 bar:DuarteLeitePereiradaSilva
 bar:AfonsoCosta
 bar:BernardinoMachado
 bar:VítorHugodeAzevedoCoutinho
 bar:JoaquimPimentadeCastro
 bar:JuntaConstitucional
 bar:JoséRibeirodeCastro
 bar:AntónioJosédeAlmeida
 bar:NortondeMatos
 bar:SidónioPais
 bar:JoãodoCantoeCastro
 bar:JoãoTamagninideSousaBarbosa
 bar:JosédeMascarenhasRelvas
 bar:DomingosLeitePereira
 bar:AlfredoErnestodeSáCardoso
 bar:FranciscoJoséFernandesCosta
 bar:AntónioMariaBaptista
 bar:JoséRamosPreto
 bar:AntónioMariadaSilva
 bar:AntónioJoaquimGranjo
 bar:ÁlvaroXavierdeCastro
 bar:LiberatoDamiãoRibeiroPinto
 bar:ToméJosédeBarrosQueirós
 bar:ManuelMariaCoelho
 bar:CarlosHenriquedaSilvaMaiaPinto
 bar:FranciscoPintodaCunhaLeal
 bar:AntónioGinestalMachado
 bar:AlfredoRodriguesGaspar
 bar:JoséDominguesdosSantos
 bar:VitorinoMáximodeCarvalhoGuimarães
 bar:MendesCabeçadas
 bar:GomesdaCosta
 bar:ÓscarCarmona
 bar:VicentedeFreitas
 bar:IvensFerraz
 bar:CostaOliveira
 bar:OliveiraSalazar
 bar:MarcelloCaetano
 bar:JuntadeSalvaçãoNacional
 bar:PalmaCarlos
 bar:VascoGonçalves
 bar:PinheirodeAzevedo
 bar:AlmeidaeCosta
 bar:MárioSoares
 bar:NobredaCosta
 bar:MotaPinto
 bar:MariadeLourdesPintasilgo
 bar:SáCarneiro
 bar:FreitasdoAmaral
 bar:PintoBalsemão
 bar:CavacoSilva
 bar:AntónioGuterres
 bar:DurãoBarroso
 bar:SantanaLopes
 bar:JoséSocrates
 bar:PedroPassosCoelho
 bar:AntónioCosta
 bar:LuísMontenegro

Define $dy2 = 20 Define $centerpos1 = align:center shift:(0,$dy2)

Define $dy3 = 32 Define $centerpos2 = align:center shift:(0,$dy3)

LineData =

 at: 24/09/1834 color:grid layer:front width:0.1
 at: 05/10/1910 color:grid layer:back width:0.1
 at: 30/05/1926 color:grid layer:back width:0.1
 at: 05/07/1932 color:grid layer:back width:0.1
 at: 25/04/1974 color:grid layer:back width:0.1

PlotData =

 width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
 barset:PM

bar:PedrodeSousaHolstein
 from:24/09/1834 till:04/05/1835 color:CHA
 from:07/02/1842 till:09/02/1842 color:IND
 from:20/05/1846 till:06/10/1846 color:CHA    text:"Duke of Palmela" fontsize:10
bar:VitórioMariaFranciscodeSousaCoutinhoTeixeiradeAndradeBarbosa
 from:04/05/1835 till:27/05/1835 color:CHAM   text:"Count of Linhares" fontsize:10
bar:JoãoOliveiraeDaun
 from:27/05/1835 till:18/11/1835 color:IND
 from:06/10/1846 till:18/06/1849 color:CHA
 from:01/05/1851 till:06/06/1856 color:REG
 from:19/05/1870 till:29/08/1870 color:REG    text:"Duke of Saldanha" fontsize:10
bar:JoséJorgeLoureiro
 from:18/11/1835 till:20/04/1836 color:IND    text:"Loureiro" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioJoséSeverimdeNoronha
 from:20/04/1836 till:10/09/1836 color:CHAM
 from:26/04/1851 till:01/05/1851 color:REG
 from:17/03/1859 till:01/05/1860 color:REG    text:"Duke of Terceira" fontsize:10
bar:JosédaGamaCarneiroeSousa
 from:10/09/1836 till:04/11/1836 color:SEP    text:"Count of Lumiares" fontsize:10
bar:JoséBernardinodePortugaleCastro
 from:04/11/1836 till:05/11/1836 color:IND    text:"Marquis of Valença" fontsize:10
bar:BernardodeSáNogueiradeFigueiredo
 from:05/11/1836 till:01/06/1837 color:SEP
 from:02/08/1837 till:18/04/1839 color:SEP
 from:17/04/1865 till:04/09/1865 color:REF
 from:22/07/1868 till:11/08/1869 color:REF
 from:29/08/1870 till:29/10/1870 color:REF    text:"Marquis of Sá da Bandeira" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioDiasdeOliveira
 from:01/06/1837 till:02/08/1837 color:SEP    text:"Dias de Oliveira" fontsize:10
bar:RodrigoPintoPizarrodeAlmeidaCarvalhais
 from:18/04/1839 till:26/11/1839 color:SEP    text:"Baron of Ribeira de Sabrosa" fontsize:10
bar:JoséTravassosValdez
 from:26/11/1839 till:09/06/1841 color:SEP    text:"Count of Bonfim" fontsize:10
bar:JoaquimAntóniodeAguiar
 from:09/06/1841 till:07/02/1842 color:SEP
 from:01/05/1860 till:04/07/1860 color:REG
 from:04/09/1865 till:04/01/1868 color:REG    text:"António de Aguiar" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioBernardodaCostaCabral
 from:09/02/1842 till:20/05/1846 color:CHA
 from:18/06/1849 till:26/04/1851 color:CHA    text:"Costa Cabral" fontsize:10
bar:NunoJoséSeverodeMendonçaRolimdeMouraBarreto
 from:06/06/1856 till:17/03/1859 color:HIS
 from:04/07/1860 till:17/04/1865 color:HIS
 from:11/08/1869 till:19/05/1870 color:HIS    text:"Duke of Loulé" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioJosédeÁvila
 from:04/01/1868 till:22/07/1868 color:IND
 from:29/10/1870 till:13/09/1871 color:REF
 from:06/03/1877 till:26/01/1878 color:REF    text:"Duke of Ávila" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioMariadeFontesPereiradeMelo
 from:13/09/1871 till:06/03/1877 color:REG
 from:26/01/1878 till:29/05/1879 color:REG
 from:14/11/1881 till:16/02/1886 color:REG    text:"Fontes Pereira de Melo" fontsize:10
bar:AnselmoJoséBraamcamp
 from:29/05/1879 till:23/03/1881 color:PRO    text:"Braamcamp" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioRodriguesSampaio
 from:23/03/1881 till:14/11/1881 color:REG    text:"Rodrigues Sampaio" fontsize:10
bar:JoséLucianodeCastro
 from:16/02/1886 till:14/01/1890 color:PRO
 from:05/02/1897 till:26/07/1900 color:PRO
 from:20/10/1904 till:19/03/1906 color:PRO    text:"Luciano de Castro" fontsize:10
bar:AntóniodeSerpaPimentel
 from:14/01/1890 till:11/10/1890 color:REG    text:"Serpa Pimentel" fontsize:10
bar:JoãoCrisóstomodeAbreueSousa
 from:11/10/1890 till:18/01/1892 color:IND    text:"João Crisóstomo" fontsize:10
bar:JoséDiasFerreira
 from:18/01/1892 till:22/02/1893 color:IND    text:"Dias Ferreira" fontsize:10
bar:ErnestoRodolfoHintzeRibeiro
 from:22/02/1893 till:05/02/1897 color:REG
 from:26/07/1900 till:20/10/1904 color:REG
 from:19/03/1906 till:19/05/1906 color:REG    text:"Hintze Ribeiro" fontsize:10
bar:JoãoFranco
 from:19/05/1906 till:04/02/1908 color:PRL    text:"João Franco" fontsize:10
bar:FranciscoJoaquimFerreiradoAmaral
 from:04/02/1908 till:26/12/1908 color:IND    text:"Ferreira do Amaral" fontsize:10
bar:ArturAlbertodeCamposHenriques
 from:26/12/1908 till:11/04/1909 color:IND    text:"Campos Henriques" fontsize:10
bar:SebastiãoCustódiodeSousaTeles
 from:11/04/1909 till:14/05/1909 color:IND    text:"Sousa Teles" fontsize:10
bar:VenceslaudeSousaPereiradeLima
 from:14/05/1909 till:22/12/1909 color:IND    text:"Venceslau de Lima" fontsize:10
bar:FranciscoAntóniodaVeigaBeirão
 from:22/12/1909 till:26/06/1910 color:REG    text:"Veiga Beirão" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioTeixeiradeSousa
 from:26/06/1910 till:05/10/1910 color:REG    text:"Teixeira de Sousa" fontsize:10
 width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:TeófiloBraga
 from:05/10/1910 till:24/08/1911 color:PR     text:"Teófilo Braga" fontsize:10
bar:JoãoPinheiroChagas
 from:04/09/1911 till:13/11/1911 color:PR
 from:15/05/1915 till:17/05/1915 color:IND    text:"João Chagas" fontsize:10
bar:AugustoCésardeAlmeidadeVasconcelosCorreia
 from:13/11/1911 till:16/06/1912 color:PR 
 from:23/09/1912 till:30/09/1912 color:PR     text:"Augusto de Vasconcelos" fontsize:10
bar:DuarteLeitePereiradaSilva
 from:16/06/1912 till:23/09/1912 color:PR     
 from:23/09/1912 till:09/01/1913 color:PR     text:"Duarte Leite" fontsize:10
bar:AfonsoCosta
 from:09/01/1913 till:09/02/1914 color:PD
 from:29/11/1915 till:16/03/1916 color:PD
 from:25/04/1917 till:07/10/1917 color:PD     
 from:25/10/1917 till:17/11/1917 color:PD     text:"Afonso Costa" fontsize:10
bar:BernardinoMachado
 from:09/02/1914 till:12/12/1914 color:PD
 from:02/03/1921 till:23/05/1921 color:PD     text:"Bernardino Machado" fontsize:10
bar:VítorHugodeAzevedoCoutinho
 from:12/12/1914 till:28/01/1915 color:PD     text:"Azevedo Coutinho" fontsize:10
bar:JoaquimPimentadeCastro
 from:28/01/1915 till:14/05/1915 color:IND    text:"Pimenta de Castro" fontsize:10
bar:JuntaConstitucional
 from:14/05/1915 till:15/05/1915 color:IND    text:"Constitucional Junta" fontsize:10
bar:JoséRibeirodeCastro
 from:17/05/1915 till:29/11/1915 color:PD     text:"José de Castro" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioJosédeAlmeida
 from:16/03/1916 till:25/04/1917 color:SU     text:"António José de Almeida" fontsize:10
bar:NortondeMatos
 from:07/10/1917 till:25/10/1917 color:PD     
 from:17/11/1917 till:08/12/1917 color:PD     text:"José Norton de Matos (interim)" fontsize:10
bar:SidónioPais
 from:08/12/1917 till:14/12/1918 color:PNR    text:"Sidónio Pais" fontsize:10
bar:JoãodoCantoeCastro
 from:14/12/1918 till:23/12/1918 color:PNR    text:"Canto e Castro" fontsize:10
bar:JoãoTamagninideSousaBarbosa
 from:23/12/1918 till:27/01/1919 color:PNR    text:"Tamagnini Barbosa" fontsize:10
bar:JosédeMascarenhasRelvas
 from:27/01/1919 till:30/03/1919 color:IND    text:"José Relvas" fontsize:10
bar:DomingosLeitePereira
 from:30/03/1919 till:30/06/1919 color:IND
 from:21/01/1920 till:08/03/1920 color:IND
 from:01/08/1925 till:18/12/1925 color:PD     text:"Domingos Pereira" fontsize:10
bar:AlfredoErnestodeSáCardoso
 from:30/06/1919 till:15/01/1920 color:PD
 from:15/01/1920 till:21/01/1920 color:PD     text:"Sá Cardoso" fontsize:10
bar:FranciscoJoséFernandesCosta
 from:15/01/1920 till:15/01/1920 color:PLR    text:"Fernandes Costa" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioMariaBaptista
 from:08/03/1920 till:06/06/1920 color:PD     text:"António Maria Baptista" fontsize:10
bar:JoséRamosPreto
 from:06/06/1920 till:26/06/1920 color:PD     text:"Ramos Preto" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioMariadaSilva
 from:26/06/1920 till:19/07/1920 color:PD
 from:07/02/1922 till:15/11/1923 color:PD
 from:01/07/1925 till:01/08/1925 color:PD
 from:18/12/1925 till:30/05/1926 color:PD     text:"António Maria da Silva" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioJoaquimGranjo
 from:19/07/1920 till:20/11/1920 color:PLR
 from:30/08/1921 till:19/10/1921 color:PLR    text:"Granjo" fontsize:10
bar:ÁlvaroXavierdeCastro
 from:20/11/1920 till:30/11/1920 color:PRRN
 from:18/12/1923 till:07/07/1924 color:PRN    text:"Álvaro de Castro" fontsize:10
bar:LiberatoDamiãoRibeiroPinto
 from:30/11/1920 till:02/03/1921 color:PD     text:"Liberato Pinto" fontsize:10
bar:ToméJosédeBarrosQueirós
 from:23/05/1921 till:30/08/1921 color:PLR    text:"Barros Queirós" fontsize:10
bar:ManuelMariaCoelho
 from:19/10/1921 till:05/11/1921 color:IND    text:"Coelho" fontsize:10
bar:CarlosHenriquedaSilvaMaiaPinto
 from:05/11/1921 till:16/12/1921 color:IND    text:"Maia Pinto" fontsize:10
bar:FranciscoPintodaCunhaLeal
 from:16/12/1921 till:07/02/1922 color:IND    text:"Cunha Leal" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioGinestalMachado
 from:15/11/1923 till:18/12/1923 color:PRN    text:"Ginestal Machado" fontsize:10
bar:AlfredoRodriguesGaspar
 from:07/07/1924 till:22/11/1924 color:PD     text:"Rodrigues Gaspar" fontsize:10
bar:JoséDominguesdosSantos
 from:22/11/1924 till:15/02/1925 color:PRED   text:"Domingues dos Santos" fontsize:10
bar:VitorinoMáximodeCarvalhoGuimarães
 from:15/02/1925 till:01/07/1925 color:PD     text:"Vitorino Guimarães" fontsize:10
bar:MendesCabeçadas
 from:30/05/1926 till:19/06/1926 color:IND    text:"Mendes Cabeçadas" fontsize:10
bar:GomesdaCosta
 from:19/06/1926 till:09/07/1926 color:IND    text:"Gomes da Costa" fontsize:10
bar:ÓscarCarmona
 from:09/07/1926 till:18/04/1928 color:IND    text:"Óscar Carmona" fontsize:10
bar:VicentedeFreitas
 from:18/04/1928 till:08/07/1929 color:IND    text:"Vicente de Freitas" fontsize:10
bar:IvensFerraz
 from:08/07/1929 till:21/01/1930 color:IND    text:"Ivens Ferraz" fontsize:10
bar:CostaOliveira
 from:21/01/1930 till:06/07/1932 color:UN/ANP text:"Costa Oliveira" fontsize:10
bar:OliveiraSalazar
 from:05/07/1932 till:25/09/1968 color:UN/ANP text:"Salazar" fontsize:10
bar:MarcelloCaetano
 from:26/09/1968 till:25/04/1974 color:UN/ANP text:"Caetano" fontsize:10
bar:JuntadeSalvaçãoNacional
 from:25/04/1974 till:16/05/1974 color:IND    text:"National Salvation Junta" fontsize:10
bar:PalmaCarlos
 from:16/05/1974 till:18/07/1974 color:IND    text:"Palma Carlos" fontsize:10
bar:VascoGonçalves
 from:18/07/1974 till:19/09/1975 color:IND    text:"Vasco Gonçalves" fontsize:10
bar:PinheirodeAzevedo
 from:19/09/1975 till:23/06/1976 color:IND    text:"Pinheiro de Azevedo" fontsize:10
bar:AlmeidaeCosta
 from:23/06/1976 till:23/07/1976 color:IND    text:"Almeida e Costa  (interim)" fontsize:10
bar:MárioSoares
 from:23/07/1976 till:28/08/1978 color:PS
 from:09/06/1983 till:06/11/1985 color:PS     text:"Soares" fontsize:10
bar:NobredaCosta
 from:28/08/1978 till:22/11/1978 color:IND    text:"Nobre da Costa" fontsize:10
bar:MotaPinto
 from:22/11/1978 till:01/08/1979 color:IND    text:"Mota Pinto" fontsize:10
bar:MariadeLourdesPintasilgo
 from:01/08/1979 till:03/01/1980 color:IND    text:"Pintasilgo" fontsize:10
bar:SáCarneiro
 from:03/01/1980 till:04/12/1980 color:PSD    text:"Sá Carneiro" fontsize:10
bar:FreitasdoAmaral
 from:04/12/1980 till:09/01/1981 color:CDS-PP text:"Freitas do Amaral (interim)" fontsize:10
bar:PintoBalsemão
 from:09/01/1981 till:09/06/1983 color:PSD    text:"Balsemão" fontsize:10
bar:CavacoSilva
 from:06/11/1985 till:28/10/1995 color:PSD    text:"Cavaco Silva" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioGuterres
 from:28/10/1995 till:06/04/2002 color:PS     text:"Guterres" fontsize:10
bar:DurãoBarroso
 from:06/04/2002 till:17/07/2004 color:PSD    text:"Durão Barroso" fontsize:10
bar:SantanaLopes
 from:17/07/2004 till:12/03/2005 color:PSD    text:"Santana Lopes" fontsize:10
bar:JoséSocrates
 from:12/03/2005 till:21/06/2011 color:PS     text:"Sócrates" fontsize:10
bar:PedroPassosCoelho
 from:21/06/2011 till:25/11/2015 color:PSD    text:"Passos Coelho" fontsize:10
bar:AntónioCosta
 from:25/11/2015 till:02/04/2024 color:PS     text:"Costa" fontsize:10
bar:LuísMontenegro
 from:02/04/2024 till:end        color:PSD    text:"Montenegro" fontsize:10

 bar:Country textcolor:black fontsize:S
 at:24/09/1872 $centerpos2  text:"Constitutional Monarchy"
 at:05/10/1918 $centerpos2  text:"1st Republic" fontsize:xs 
 at:30/05/1929 $centerpos2  text:"Dictatorship" fontsize:xs
 at:05/07/1953 $centerpos2  text:"Estado Novo" 
 at:25/04/1998 $centerpos2  text:"3rd Republic"
 at:24/09/1872 $centerpos1  text:"(1834–1910)"
 at:05/10/1918 $centerpos1  text:"(1910–1926)" fontsize:xs 
 at:30/05/1929 $centerpos1  text:"(1926–1932)" fontsize:xs
 at:05/07/1953 $centerpos1  text:"(1932–1974)" 
 at:25/04/1998 $centerpos1  text:"(1974–present)"

</timeline>

See also

• List of prime ministers of Portugal by time in office
• List of presidents of Portugal
• Politics of Portugal

Notes

^Min. Minority government

External links

• WORLD STATESMEN.org (Portugal)
• Prime Ministers since 1910
• Portuguese General Elections since 1820