2005 Portuguese legislative election

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The 2005 Portuguese legislative election took place on 20 February. The election renewed all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic.

These elections were called after the decision of President Jorge Sampaio on 30 November 2004 to dissolve the Parliament as an answer to the political instability caused by the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes (PSD) in coalition with the PP. Santana Lopes had become Prime Minister in July 2004, after José Manuel Durão Barroso left the country in order to become President of the European Commission in a decision that divided the country, because many Portuguese were expecting that the Socialist President Jorge Sampaio would dissolve the Parliament and call a legislative election. However, after five unstable months, President Sampaio decided to dissolve Parliament and call fresh elections. The Prime Minister nevertheless announced the resignation of the government on 11 December, in an action with no practical effects whatsoever.

The campaign started officially on 6 February and the major topics were the problematic state of the country's finances, unemployment, abortion and even José Sócrates's alleged homosexuality.[1][2]

Headed by Sócrates, the centre-left Socialist Party (PS) won the election with a landslide victory, winning in 19 of the 22 electoral constituencies, including in districts such as Viseu and Bragança that historically voted for the right. The Socialist Party conquered its first absolute majority, receiving 45 percent of the electorate vote and 52 percent of the seats in the Parliament, making this the Socialists' largest ever victory in terms of vote percentage and seat count as of 2022. The centre-right parties, mainly the Social Democrats, were punished for their performance in government, and lost more than 11 percentage points they had garnered in the previous election. On the left, the Left Bloc achieved its best result ever and made the biggest climb, gaining 5 MPs, while the CDU (Communists and the Greens) gained 2 MPs and reversed their downward trend of the last elections.

Voter turnout was the highest since 1995, as 64.3 percent of the electorate cast a ballot.

Background

In the aftermath of the 2002 legislative election, PSD and CDS–PP formed a coalition government, the first coalition between both parties in nearly 20 years.[3] After more than two years in office, Prime Minister José Manuel Durão Barroso announced, in June 2004, that he was resigning from office in order to become President of the European Commission.[4]

Fall of the government

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Deep disagreements and disputes within the Social Democratic Party began to derail the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes, the successor of Durão Barroso as prime minister.[5] One of those disputes, the resignation of Youth and Sports Minister, Henrique Chaves, which was a close ally of Santana, precipitated the fall of the government, as Chaves accused Santana of not being "loyal and truthful".[6] Following this, President Jorge Sampaio had "enough" of crises and accused the government of "contradictions and lack of coordination that contributed to its discredit".[7] Therefore, Sampaio used his power of dissolution of Parliament and called a snap election, the only time till date such power was used in Portuguese democracy.[8][9] A new election was called, by the President, for February 2005.[10]

Leadership changes and challenges

PSD 2004 leadership election

Following the resignation of José Manuel Durão Barroso as Prime Minister and PSD leader, the Social Democratic Party (PSD) initiated the process to elect a new leader.[11] Pedro Santana Lopes, by then Mayor of Lisbon, was the sole candidate for the leadership[12] and his name was overwhelmingly confirmed in a National Party Council meeting on 1 July 2004.[13] The results were the following:

Ballot: 1 July 2004Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
bgcolor=Template:Party color| Pedro Santana Lopes 98 97.0
Against 3 3.0
Turnout 101
Source: Results

Two weeks later, on 17 July 2004, Santana Lopes was sworn in as Prime Minister.[14]

PS 2004 leadership election

Template:Main article On early July 2004, PS leader Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues resigned from the leadership against President Jorge Sampaio decision to nominate Pedro Santana Lopes as Prime Minister, following the resignation of Durão Barroso, rather than calling a snap legislative election.[15] New elections to select a new leader were called for 25 and 26 September 2004. Former environment minister José Sócrates, Manuel Alegre and the son of former President Mário Soares, João Soares, contested the leadership ballot.[16] José Sócrates was elected by a landslide[17] and the results were the following:

Ballot: 25 and 26 September 2004Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
bgcolor=Template:Party color| José Sócrates 18,432 78.6
bgcolor=Template:Party color| Manuel Alegre 3,903 16.7
bgcolor=Template:Party color| João Soares 927 4.0
Blank/Invalid ballots 175 0.7
Turnout 23,437
Source: Results

PCP 2004 leadership election

In the fall of 2004, PCP leader Carlos Carvalhas decided to step down from the party's leadership after 12 years in the post.[18] Jerónimo de Sousa was selected as candidate for the leadership and was elected in the party's congress during the weekend of 27 and 28 November 2004.[19] The results were the following:

Ballot: 27 November 2004Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
Jerónimo de Sousa 164 93.7
Against 1 0.6
Abstention 10 5.7
Turnout 175
Source: Results

Electoral system

File:Eleições legislativas 2005.gif
Official logo of the election.

The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.[20]

The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.[21] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.[22]

For these elections, and compared with the 2002 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:[23]

District Number of MPs Map
Lisbon 48
Porto 38
Braga 18
Setúbal 17
Aveiro 15
Leiria, Santarém and Coimbra 10
Viseu 9
Faro 8
Madeira(+1) and Viana do Castelo 6
Azores, Castelo Branco and Vila Real 5
Bragança and Guarda 4
Beja and Évora 3
Portalegre(–1), Europe and Outside Europe 2

Parties

The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 9th legislature (2002–2005) and that also partook in the election:

Name Ideology Political position Leader 2002 result
% Seats
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PPD/PSD Social Democratic Party
Partido Social DemocrataScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Conservatism
Classical liberalism 		Centre-right Pedro Santana Lopes 40.2% Template:Composition bar
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS Socialist Party
Partido SocialistaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Social democracy
Third Way 		Centre-left to Centre José Sócrates 37.8% Template:Composition bar
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS-PP CDS – People's Party
Centro Democrático e Social – Partido PopularScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Christian democracy
Conservatism 		Centre-right
to right-wing 		Paulo Portas 8.7% Template:Composition bar
PCP Portuguese Communist Party
Partido Comunista PortuguêsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		Far-left Jerónimo de Sousa
6.9%
Template:Efn 		Template:Composition bar
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PEV Ecologist Party "The Greens"
Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes"Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Eco-socialism
Green politics 		Left-wing Heloísa Apolónia Template:Composition bar
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Left Bloc
Bloco de EsquerdaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Democratic socialism
Anti-capitalism 		Left-wing Francisco Louçã 2.7% Template:Composition bar

Campaign period

Party slogans

Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Refs
bgcolor="Template:Party color"| PSD « Por amor a Portugal. » "For love of Portugal" [24]
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Party color"| PS « Voltar a acreditar em Portugal » "Believing in Portugal again" [25]
bgcolor="Template:Party color"| CDS–PP « O voto útil para Portugal » "The useful vote for Portugal" [26]
bgcolor="Template:Party color"| CDU « Agora é consigo » "Now it's up to you" [27]
bgcolor="Template:Party color"| BE « Faz toda a diferença » "It makes all the difference" [28]

Candidates' debates

2005 Portuguese legislative election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)   Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Colors Present  Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Colors Absent inviteeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Colors Non-invitee Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
PSD
SantanaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		PS
SócratesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		CDS–PP
PortasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		CDU
JerónimoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		BE
LouçãScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Refs
style="background:Template:Party color;"| style="background:Template:Party color;"| style="background:Template:Party color;"| style="background:Template:Party color;"| style="background:Template:Party color;"|
18 Jan SIC Notícias N N N P P [29]
20 Jan SIC Notícias N N P N P [30]
25 Jan SIC Notícias N N P P N [29]
3 Feb RTP2,
SIC,
Antena 1,
TSF 		Maria Flor Pedroso
Rodrigo Guedes de Carvalho
José Gomes Ferreira
Ricardo Costa 		P P N N N [31]
15 Feb RTP1 Judite de Sousa
José Alberto Carvalho 		P P P P P [32]
Candidate viewed as "most convincing" in each debateScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Date Organisers Polling firm/Link
PSD PS CDS–PP CDU BE Notes
style="background:Template:Party color;"| style="background:Template:Party color;"| style="background:Template:Party color;"| style="background:Template:Party color;"| style="background:Template:Party color;"|
3 Feb RTP2, SIC, Antena 1, TSFScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Aximage 20.2 Template:Party shading/PS| 50.4 — — — 29.6% TieScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Opinion polling

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Voter turnout

The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.

Turnout Time
12:00 16:00 19:00
2002 2005 ± 2002 2005 ± 2002 2005 ±
Total 18.00% 21.93% Increase 3.93 pp 45.88% 50.94% Increase 5.06 pp 61.48% 64.26% Increase 2.78 pp
Sources[33][34][35][36]

Results

National summary

Template:Election results

Vote share
PS
 
 45.03%
PSD
 
 28.77%
CDU
 
 7.54%
CDS-PP
 
 7.24%
BE
 
 6.35%
PCTP/MRPP
 
 0.84%
PND
 
 0.70%
Others
 
 0.59%
Blank/Invalid
 
 2.94%
Parliamentary seats
PS
 
 52.61%
PSD
 
 32.61%
CDU
 
 6.09%
CDS-PP
 
 5.22%
BE
 
 3.48%

Distribution by constituency

Results of the 2005 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic by constituencyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Constituency % S % S % S % S % S Total
S
PS PSD CDU CDS-PP BE
Azores style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|53.1 3 34.4 2 1.7 - 4.0 - 2.9 - 5
Aveiro style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|41.1 8 35.7 6 3.5 - 9.8 1 5.1 - 15
Beja style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|51.0 2 12.3 - 24.1 1 2.9 - 4.7 - 3
Braga style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|45.4 9 32.9 7 4.8 1 7.8 1 4.6 - 18
Bragança style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|42.1 2 39.0 2 2.0 - 9.7 - 2.5 - 4
Castelo Branco style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|56.0 4 26.7 1 3.8 - 5.3 - 3.7 - 5
Coimbra style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|45.4 6 31.9 4 5.5 - 5.5 - 6.3 - 10
Template:HsÉvora style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|49.7 2 16.7 - 20.9 1 3.7 - 4.6 - 3
Faro style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|49.3 6 24.6 2 6.9 - 5.8 - 7.7 - 8
Guarda style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|46.8 2 34.7 2 2.9 - 7.0 - 3.4 - 4
Leiria 35.6 4 style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|39.8 5 4.6 - 8.9 1 5.5 - 10
Lisbon style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|44.1 23 23.7 12 9.8 5 8.2 4 8.8 4 48
Madeira 35.0 3 style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|45.2 3 3.6 - 6.6 - 3.8 - 6
Portalegre style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|54.9 2 20.2 - 12.1 - 4.2 - 4.6 - 2
Porto style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|48.5 20 27.8 12 5.4 2 6.9 2 6.7 2 38
Santarém style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|46.1 6 26.4 3 8.6 1 6.9 - 6.5 - 10
Setúbal style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|43.6 8 16.1 3 20.0 3 5.1 1 10.3 2 17
Viana do Castelo style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|42.0 3 33.5 2 3.8 - 11.4 1 4.5 - 6
Vila Real style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|43.8 3 40.2 2 2.6 - 6.8 - 2.4 - 5
Viseu style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|40.4 4 40.2 4 2.2 - 8.6 1 3.3 - 9
Europe style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|54.3 1 27.2 1 4.2 - 3.4 - 2.3 - 2
Outside Europe 26.3 - style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|57.7 2 1.0 - 3.5 - 0.7 - 2
Total style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|45.0 121 28.8 75 7.5 14 7.2 12 6.4 8 230
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Maps

Graphics

Further reading

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Notes

Template:Notes

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ "2002: O regresso da coligação de Direita ao poder", SIC Notícias, 1 October 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  4. ↑ "Durão Barroso apresenta demissão para ser presidente da Comissão Europeia ", RTP, 8 September 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  5. ↑ "As "trapalhadas" de Santana em 2004 (que Rio apoiou e Marcelo arrasou) ", Observador, 21 December 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  6. ↑ "Henrique Chaves demite-se do Governo por falta de «lealdade e de verdade» de Santana", Jornal de Negócios, 28 November 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  7. ↑ "Jorge Sampaio anuncia a dissolução do Parlamento ", RTP, 8 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  8. ↑ "Jorge Sampaio vai dissolver Assembleia da República ", Público, 30 November 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  9. ↑ "A bomba atómica de Sampaio", Correio da Manhã, 10 September 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  10. ↑ "Jorge Sampaio assinou hoje decreto de dissolução do Parlamento ", Público, 22 December 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  11. ↑ "Durão Barroso demite-se oficialmente", Jornal de Notícias, 5 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  12. ↑ "Santana Lopes considera legítima eleição pelo Conselho Nacional do PSD ", Público, 30 June 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  13. ↑ "Santana Lopes indigitado pelo PSD para primeiro-ministro", Público, 11 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  14. ↑ "Um Governo de amigos, políticos e estreantes ", Público, 17 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  15. ↑ "Ferro Rodrigues demite-se da liderança do PS ", Público, 9 July 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  16. ↑ "DEBATER AS IDEIAS ESCOLHER OS PROTAGONISTAS", Acção Socialista, 29 July 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  17. ↑ "Sócrates eleito Secretário Geral do PS", RTP, 26 September 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  18. ↑ "Carlos Carvalhas abandona liderança do PCP", Público, 5 October 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  19. ↑ "PCP: Jerónimo de Sousa eleito secretário-geral", Público, 28 November 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Gallaher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities"
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

See also

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