Pedro Santana Lopes

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Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes Template:Post-nominals (Script error: No such module "IPA".; born 29 June 1956) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician, who is the current mayor of Figueira da Foz. He most notably served as prime minister of Portugal from 2004 to 2005.

Background and early life

Pedro Santana Lopes was born in Campo Grande, Lisbon, to Aníbal Luís Lopes (b. Lisbon, São Sebastião da Pedreira, 17 February 1933), a company administrator whose maternal grandfather's maternal grandfather was a relative of João Brandão,[1] and wife (m. Lisbon, São Sebastião da Pedreira, 27 February 1954) Maria Ivone Risques Pereira de Santana (Lisbon, São Sebastião da Pedreira, 3 May 1931 – Lisbon, 23 March 1999), a half-great-great-great-niece of the 2nd Baron of Brissos.

He graduated as a Licentiate in law from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, where he was the leader of the Student Union, becoming a lawyer.

Political career

He joined the Social Democratic Party (PSD) in 1976. There he started his career as a deputy to the Assembly of the Republic.

In 1979, he became a legal advisor to Prime Minister Francisco Sá Carneiro, and has identified himself as a follower of his for all his political life.

In 1986, he became the assistant state secretary to Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva, an office he left the next year to lead to PSD list to the European Parliament, where he remained for two years of his five-year-term.

In 1990, Cavaco Silva appointed him to the government post of Secretary of State for Culture. He left the office in 1994, in disagreement with Cavaco, and returned to law practice. In the 1997 local elections, he ran successfully to become mayor of Figueira da Foz. He decided not to seek a second term there, and instead ran for mayor of Lisbon in the 2001 local elections, defeating the incumbent João Soares and becoming one of the biggest surprises of the electoral night.

Prime minister

When José Manuel Durão Barroso resigned in July 2004 to take up the presidency of the European Commission, Santana Lopes became the president of PSD. At the time, his party had a coalition government with the CDS - People's Party, which held a parliamentary majority, and therefore he was nominated prime minister of the XVI Constitutional Government. His term as mayor of Lisbon was automatically suspended, with his deputy Carmona Rodrigues taking over his duties.

The leadership of Santana Lopes was marked by a number of inherited economic and political problems. When his party took power, after the 2002 legislative elections, the country's economy was in a poor state, with a rising government-spending deficit, partially because of policies focused on public expenditure by the previous governments (led by António Guterres of the Socialist Party) and the early 2000s recession. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, "Portugal became the first country to breach the EU's 'excessive deficit' rule with a budget deficit of 4.4% of GDP in 2001, well above the 3% of GDP ceiling set by the EU's Stability and Growth Pact."[2] The situation inherited by Santana Lopes was a little better, as the previous government led by Barroso had been able to comply with European Union directives regarding the deficit by selling state assets.

Santana Lopes himself failed to gain a reputation as a competent prime minister.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". His unusual rise to power, as Barroso's successor rather than by election, contributed to these difficulties, despite his nomination being entirely constitutional.

The short career of Santana Lopes as prime minister began with some members of government being shuffled between departments on the same afternoon as the government was being inaugurated. His minister of Defence Paulo Portas looked surprised during the ceremony when he was announced as the Minister for National Defence and Sea Affairs. Portas' look of surprise when the name of his office was announced was broadcast live on television.

Santana Lopes' period in office was also marked by chaos in the allocation of teachers to schoolsScript error: No such module "Unsubst". (more than a month after classes officially started, and resulting from alleged incompetence of the IT provider (designated during the previous Government); the problem was swiftly solved by another small provider), and by claims of pressure exerted on the press, including arranging for the replacement of the information director of the public television channel RTP, and pressing private television channel TVI to tone down the criticism of him by a political commentator, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". a former leader of his own party, who consequently left the channel.

Santana Lopes' demise as head of government was sealed on 30 November 2004 when President Jorge Sampaio, a member of the opposing party, announced that he was calling an early Parliament election for February 2005, from which a new government would be formed, after Henrique Chaves, a Santana loyalist, resigned after four days as Minister for Sport, claiming that he lacked "loyalty and truth".[1]

Santana Lopes formally tendered his resignation on 11 December, and his government assumed just a caretaker role until the election. He went on to be defeated in the 2005 legislative elections which was won by the Socialist Party led by José Sócrates. Santana resigned as party leader two days later, although he still briefly assumed the informal position of leader of the opposition, until the election of Luís Marques Mendes as new party leader.

Subsequent career and activities

Despite his defeat in the 2005 legislative elections, Santana Lopes retained his seat at the Assembly of the Republic. He would also resume his functions as mayor of Lisbon, which had been suspended since he took office as prime minister. However, he decided not to seek another term on the 2005 local elections, being succeeded by his deputy, Carmona Rodrigues, who had also replaced him during his premiership. In October 2007, after the election of Luís Filipe Menezes as leader of the Social Democratic Party, he was invited to lead the PSD Parliamentary Group, a position he held until Menezes' resignation in June 2008.

On the 2009 local elections, Santana Lopes ran again for mayor of Lisbon, supported by his party and by the CDS - People's Party, the Earth Party and the People's Monarchist Party. This coalition was, however, unable to prevent the Socialist Party, led by António Costa, to achieve a big victory. Santana Lopes assumed the position of leader of the opposition in the municipality.[3]

In September 2011, Santana Lopes was nominated by Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho to assume leadership of Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, a charity that runs Portugal's national lottery. In March 2016, the new prime minister, António Costa, nominated Santana Lopes for a new term.

In October 2017, Santana Lopes announced the intention to run again for the leadership of the Social Democratic Party.[4] He resigned leadership of Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa in order to do so, but was defeated by Rui Rio. After the party election, both Rio and Santana tried to cooperate on several levels,[5] an effort which was not successful from Santana's point of view.[6] He grew increasingly disgruntled with the course of action imposed by Rui Rio, and in June 2018 announced he would be ending his 42 years of party membership and would seek to create a new political party.[7][8]

Alliance (2018–2021)

On 18 August 2018, it was revealed the new party headed and co-founded[9] by Santana Lopes was to be called Alliance (Template:Langx).[10] The party submitted the legally required paperwork to the Constitutional Court and was officially registered on 23 October.

Immediately after the official registration, the party started working on the campaign for the 2019 European Parliament election. Santana Lopes had already said, even before the party was registered, that he would not be running in the election, and that its top candidate would be announced in the near future.[11] On 2 December 2018, the party formally announced Paulo de Almeida Sande, a professor of European affairs and advisor of the president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, as its top candidate. While being generally considered to have a profound knowledge of European issues, Paulo Sande lacked recognition next to the general public, and relied heavily on Santana's personal popularity to engage with supporters and potential voters.[12] In March 2019, Santana Lopes said that the party's objective would be to elect at least one MEP, with three being a good result.[13] Paulo Sande fared well in the televised debates, but the party suffered a heavy blow to its campaign on 15 May 2019, when Santana and Sande were involved in a car crash on the A1 motorway. They were heading to a campaign rally in Cascais after an event in Coimbra when, between Soure and Pombal, Santana fell asleep and lost control of the vehicle, a Lexus GS rented in name of his law firm. The car slid slowly to the left, hitting the central reservation barrier and veering abruptly to the right, crashing out of the road and tumbling several times before coming to a standstill in an overturned position. No other vehicles were involved in the accident, but other drivers witnessed it and alerted the emergency services. Paulo Sande was able to get out of the wrecked car by his own means; he tried to help Santana but was unable to release him. Santana Lopes would only be removed from the wreckage by the emergency services, and was transported by helicopter to Coimbra hospital, to where Sande was also taken on an ambulance.[14] The accident was reported by several media outlets, which prompted Alliance to immediately suspend its campaign.[15] Paulo Sande suffered only minor injuries and was discharged from the hospital a few hours later, while Santana spent the night in observation, being discharged on the next day after several exams revealed no significant lesions; he was, however, told by doctors to rest for some days in order to ensure a full recovery.[16] This meant that, with little more than a week to the election day, Paulo Sande was largely left to campaign alone, although Santana appeared on a video three days before the election to urge people to vote.[17] The party obtained 1,86% of the vote and elected no MEPs.

Next on the schedule were the 2019 legislative elections. The party made a campaign of clear opposition to the incumbent government led by António Costa. Santana Lopes said that Alliance hoped to elect two to three MPs in Lisbon district, and eventually some more in Porto and Braga districts; he also stressed that his party would never support a government of the Socialist Party even in the event of a hung parliament.[18] Santana's predictions for the election were based at the party's results in the European elections. During a campaign event in Lisbon, he told that Alliance obtained 3% in the district at the European elections, and that the same result would allow the party to elect two MPs in the legislative vote.[19] This line of thought proved to be flawed as the party performed considerably worse, obtaining only 0,77% of the vote on national level and electing no MPs. Even in Lisbon district, where it is easier for a small party to elect an MP, the party scored 1,27% of the vote, considerably lower than the 3% anticipated by Santana. On the election night, he admitted for the first time that he could relinquish party leadership.[20]

Without further national elections in the near future, and with all the objectives unachieved, Santana Lopes suspended his executive functions as Alliance's leader on 15 May 2020, and announced a period of reorganisation of the party.[21] On 28 August 2020, it was announced that he would not seek re-election as party leader at the next congress,[22] where he was succeeded by Paulo Bento.[23] On 25 January 2021, Alliance announced that Santana Lopes had sent a request for his party membership to be terminated. He considered that Alliance could only have a future without him, citing the fact that many people still link him to the Social Democratic Party as the main reason.[24]

Independent politician and return to Figueira da Foz

After Santana's announcement that he was leaving Alliance leadership, rumours started circulating that he could be preparing a return to the Social Democratic Party. In October 2020, at least one media outlet reported that its leader, Rui Rio, wanted Santana Lopes to be the party candidate for mayor of Sintra;[25] in March 2021, it was reported that he had declined to be the party candidate for mayor of Torres Vedras.[26] His return to the Social Democratic Party was ruled out when it became known, in late March 2021, that he was seeking to create a citizen's group in order to run for mayor of Figueira da Foz, a position he held between 1998 and 2001.[27] His candidacy, leading a list called Figueira The First (Template:Langx), was confirmed in May[28] and generated significant interest, with opinion polls giving him real chances of winning. The candidate of the Social Democratic Party, Pedro Machado, launched on 10 August a legal action to invalidate Santana's candidacy due to alleged irregularities in its submission,[29][30] which was rejected by the local court three days later.[31][32]

Figueira a Primeira would effectively become the winner, obtaining 40,39% and four councillors, against 38,39% for the Socialist Party, also with four councillors. The Social Democratic Party scored 10,83%, electing only one councillor. Under Portuguese law, the top candidate of the most voted list automatically becomes the mayor, but Santana will have to negotiate with other political groups in order to implement his agenda, since he didn't won a majority. He nevertheless considered the result "an extraordinary accomplishment".[33][34]

Santana Lopes took office as mayor of Figueira da Foz on 17 October 2021. On his inauguration speech, he announced to have reached a deal with the University of Coimbra to build a campus on Figueira da Foz, dedicated to marine economy and sciences.[35] The campus opened on 20 December 2022.[36]

On 20 April 2023, and without explicitly assuming a candidacy, Santana Lopes entertained the possibility of being a candidate for President of Portugal on the next election, saying that he saw no one better qualified than himself.[37] However, he placed himself definitely out of the race on 19 October 2023, few days after the outbreak of the Gaza war, citing the current state of world affairs as the main reason.[38]

On 21 January 2024, Pedro Santana Lopes attended a convention of the Democratic Alliance, a coalition led by the Social Democratic Party in order to contest the 2024 legislative election. He made a speech praising Luís Montenegro, who reportedly felt moved while listening it.[39][40] Since Santana formally remains an independent, his presence in the event again fuels speculation about his possible return to his former party.

Outside politics

After resigning as Secretary of State for Culture, Santana Lopes successfully ran for president of Sporting CP.[41] Despite being in office for less than a year, the club won the 1994–1995 Taça de Portugal in football under his leadership.

Electoral history

European Parliament election, 1987

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Ballot: 19 July 1987Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD Pedro Santana Lopes 2,111,828 37.5 10
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo 1,267,672 22.5 6
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS Lucas Pires 868,718 15.4 4
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Ângelo Veloso 648,700 11.5 3
PRD Medeiros Ferreira 250,158 4.4 1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PPM Miguel Esteves Cardoso 155,990 2.8 0
Other parties 193,869 3.4 0
Blank/Invalid ballots 142,715 2.5 –
Turnout 5,639,650 72.42 24
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[42]

PSD leadership election, 1995

Ballot: 19 February 1995Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
Fernando Nogueira 532 51.6
José Manuel Durão Barroso 499 48.4
Pedro Santana Lopes withdrew
Turnout 1,031
Source: Resultados[43][44]

Figueira da Foz City Council election, 1997

Ballot: 14 December 1997Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD Pedro Santana Lopes 22,133 59.9 6 +2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS Carlos Beja 11,227 30.5 3 –2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU – 1,580 4.3 0 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP – 523 1.4 0 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PCTP/MRPP – 204 0.6 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 1,248 3.4 – –
Turnout 36,965 65.45 9 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 1997[45][46]

PSD leadership election, 2000

Ballot: 27 February 2000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
José Manuel Durão Barroso 469 50.3
Pedro Santana Lopes 313 33.6
Luís Marques Mendes 150 16.1
Turnout 932
Source: Congresso PSD[47]

Lisbon City Council election, 2001

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Ballot: 16 December 2001Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD/PPM Pedro Santana Lopes 131,094 42.1 8 +1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS/CDU João Soares 129,368 41.5 8 –2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP Paulo Portas 23,637 7.6 1 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Miguel Portas 11,899 3.8 0 new
Other parties 5,766 1.9 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 9,718 3.1 – –
Turnout 311,482 54.83 17 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 2001[48]

PSD leadership election, 2004

Ballot: 1 July 2004Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
bgcolor=Template:Party color| Pedro Santana Lopes 98 97.0
Against 3 3.0
Turnout 101
Source: Resultados[49]

Legislative election, 2005

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Ballot: 20 February 2005Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS José Sócrates 2,588,312 45.0 121 +25
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD Pedro Santana Lopes 1,653,425 28.8 75 –30
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Jerónimo de Sousa 433,369 7.5 14 +2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP Paulo Portas 416,415 7.3 12 –2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Francisco Louçã 364,971 6.4 8 +5
Other parties 122,127 2.1 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 169,052 2.9 – –
Turnout 5,747,834 64.26 230 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[50]

PSD leadership election, 2008

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Ballot: 31 May 2008Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
Manuela Ferreira Leite 17,278 37.9
Pedro Passos Coelho 14,160 31.1
Pedro Santana Lopes 13,495 29.6
Patinha Antão 308 0.7
Blank/Invalid ballots 351 0.8
Turnout 45,592 59.13
Source: Resultados[51]

Lisbon City Council election, 2009

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Ballot: 11 October 2009Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 123,372 44.0 9 +3
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD/CDS–PP/MPT/PPM Pedro Santana Lopes 108,457 38.7 7 +4
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Ruben de Carvalho 22,623 8.1 1 –1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Luís Fazenda 12,795 4.6 0 –1
Other parties 5,911 2.1 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 7,152 2.5 – –
Turnout 280,310 53.43 17 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 2009[52]

PSD leadership election, 2018

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Ballot: 13 January 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
Rui Rio 22,728 54.2
Pedro Santana Lopes 19,244 45.8
Blank/Invalid ballots 683 –
Turnout 42,655 60.34
Source: Resultados[53]

Legislative election, 2019

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Ballot: 6 October 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 1,903,687 36.3 108 +22
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD Rui Rio 1,454,283 27.8 79 –10
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Catarina Martins 498,549 9.5 19 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Jerónimo de Sousa 332,018 6.3 12 –5
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP Assunção Cristas 221,094 4.2 5 –13
PAN André Silva 173,931 3.3 4 +3
Chega André Ventura 67,502 1.3 1 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| IL Carlos Guimarães Pinto 67,443 1.3 1 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| Livre Collective leadership 56,940 1.1 1 +1
Alliance Pedro Santana Lopes 40,175 0.8 0 new
Other parties 166,987 3.2 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 254,875 4.9 – –
Turnout 5,237,484 48.60 230 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[54]

Figueira da Foz City Council election, 2021

Ballot: 26 September 2021Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| Ind. Pedro Santana Lopes 12,528 40.4 4 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS Carlos Monteiro 11,909 38.4 4 –2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD Pedro Machado 3,358 10.8 1 –2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Bernardo dos Reis 831 2.7 0 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Rui Miguel da Silva 637 2.1 0 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP Miguel Chaves 361 1.2 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 1,395 4.5 – –
Turnout 31,019 56.48 9 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 2021[55]

Figueira da Foz City Council election, 2025

Ballot: 12 October 2025Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD/CDS–PP Pedro Santana Lopes 18,332 58.9 6 +5
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS João Paulo Rodrigues 6,062 19.5 2 –2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CH Hugo Fresta 3,098 10.0 1 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Paulo Sérgio Ferreira 1,034 3.3 0 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE/L/PAN Gonçalo Mano 1,007 2.1 0 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| IL João Pedro Cardoso 376 1.2 0 ±0
Other parties 200 0.6 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 1,037 3.3 – –
Turnout 31,136 57.15 9 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 2025[56]

Honours

National

Foreign

Bibliography

  • Co-author with José Manuel Durão Barroso: Sistema de Governo e Sistema Partidário, Livraria Bertrand, 1980
  • Portugal e a Europa: Que Futuro?, 1989
  • Os Sistemas de Governos Mistos e o actual Sistema Português, Difel Editorial, 2001
  • 'Figueira, a Minha História, 2005
  • Palavras Escritas, Elo, 2005
  • Percepções e Realidade, Alêtheia Editores, 2006
  • A Cidade é de todos, Livros d'Hoje, 2009
  • Pecado Original, D. Quixote, 2013

See also

Footnotes

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  1. ↑ Raízes e Memórias, Associação Portuguesa de Genealogia, Lisboa
  2. ↑ Economist Intelligence Unit, 11 January 2005
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Paul Ames (12 January 2018), Thomson and Thompson battle for control of Portuguese right Politico Europe.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  43. ↑ "XVII Congresso do PSD", RTP, 19 February 1995. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  44. ↑ "Os congressos quentes do PSD no poder ", Público, 23 March 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Political offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Prime Minister of Portugal
2004–2005 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by

Template:Prime Ministers of Portugal

Template:Authority control

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