Voiceless palatal plosive

The voiceless palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in some vocal languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is c.

Voiceless palato-alveolar and post-palatal plosives

Template:Infobox IPA/core1 If distinction is necessary, the voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive may be transcribed as Template:Angbr IPA (advanced Template:Angbr IPA) or Template:Angbr IPA (retracted and palatalized Template:Angbr IPA), but these are essentially equivalent, because the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are c_+ and t_-' or t_-_j, respectively. There is also a non-IPA letter Template:Unichar; Template:Angbr IPA ("t", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives Template:Angle brackets), which is used especially in sinological circles.

It is common for the phonetic symbol Template:Angbr IPA to be used to represent voiceless postalveolar affricate or other similar affricates, for example in the Indic languages. This may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified and the distinction between plosive and affricate is not contrastive.

Voiceless post-palatal plosive

There is also the voiceless post-palatal plosive in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical palatal consonant, though not as back as the prototypical velar consonant. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as Template:Angbr IPA (retracted Template:Angbr IPA) or Template:Angbr IPA (advanced Template:Angbr IPA). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are c_- and k_+, respectively.

Especially in broad transcription, the voiceless post-palatal plosive may be transcribed as a palatalized voiceless velar plosive (Template:Angbr IPA in the IPA, k' or k_j in X-SAMPA).

Features

File:Voiceless palatal plosive.svg

Features of the voiceless palatal stop:

• • The otherwise identical post-palatal variant is articulated slightly behind the hard palate, making it sound closer to the velar Template:IPAblink.
  • Alveolo-palatal variant is articulated also with the blade of the tongue at or behind the alveolar ridge.

Occurrence

Palatal or alveolo-palatal

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
AlbanianTemplate:Sfnp				'Albanian'	Merged with Template:IPAblink in Gheg Albanian and some speakers of Tosk Albanian.Template:Sfnp
Asturian	Western dialects			'woman'	Alternate evolution of -lj-, -c'l-, pl-, cl- and fl- in the Brañas Vaqueiras area of Western Asturias. May be also realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink
Amuzgo	Xochistlahuaca varietyTemplate:Sfnp			'clumsy; a clumsy person'
Azerbaijani		کئچی/keçi	[ceˈt͡ʃi]	'goat'	Can realize as "t͡ʃ̟" in Tabriz accent
Basque				'droplet'
Blackfoot		/		'girl'	Allophone of after front vowels.
Breton	Gwenedeg			'dandruff'	Realization of /k/ before front vowels.
Bulgarian	Banat dialect	( or )		'as'	See Bulgarian phonology
Catalan	MajorcanTemplate:Sfnp			'who'	Dento-alveolo-palatal or palatal.Template:Sfnp Corresponds to Template:IPAslink in other varieties. See Catalan phonology
Corsican				'nail'	Also present in the Gallurese dialect
Croatian				'already'	Dialect of the Croatian Littoral
Czech				'Czech' (language)	Alveolo-palatal or alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Czech phonology
Dawsahak				'small'
Dinka				'black'
EgaTemplate:Sfnp				'understand'
FrenchTemplate:Sfnp				'who' (int.)	Ranges from alveolar to palatal. See French phonology
Friulian				'house'
Ganda				'tea'
Gweno				'to come'
Hakka	Meixian	Template:Script / fi1 gi1		'plane'	Allophone of before .
Hausa				'gift'
Hokkien	Taiwanese	Template:Script /		'motorcycle'
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp				'hen'	Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic				'light wind'	Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Icelandic phonology
Irish				'question'	Alveolo-palatal or palatal.Template:Sfnp See Irish phonology
Khasi				'dwarf'
Khmer		/ Template:Transliteration		'bird'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Kinyarwanda				'thing'
Kurdish	Northern			'tortoise'	Allophone of before , , , and . See Kurdish phonology
	Central
	Southern
Latvian				'pumpkin'	See Latvian phonology
Low German	Plautdietsch			'church'	Corresponds to in all other dialects.Template:Clarify
Macedonian				'sack'	See Macedonian phonology
Malay	Kelantan-Pattani	cita		'feeling'	Palatal, allophone of . See Malay phonology
	Indonesian	cari		'to find'
Norwegian	Central dialectsTemplate:Sfnp			'fat'	See Norwegian phonology
	Northern dialectsTemplate:Sfnp
Occitan	Limousin			'drawer'
	Auvergnat
	Western Gascon	chifra	[ˈcifrə]	'digit'	Corresponds to [tʃ] and sometimes [dʒ] in eastern dialects
Romanian				'torture'	Allophone of before and . See Romanian phonology. Also in some northern dialects
Romansh	SursilvanTemplate:Sfnp			'night'
	SutsilvanTemplate:Sfnp			'dog'
	SurmiranTemplate:Sfnp			'cows'
	PuterTemplate:Sfnp			'sugar'
	ValladerTemplate:Sfnp			'moss'
Scottish GaelicTemplate:Sfnp				'stick'	Alveolo-palatal or alveolar. Affricated in some positions, with affrication stronger in certain dialects.
SlovakTemplate:Sfnp				'camel'	See Slovak phonology
Spanish	Canarian	choco		'cuttlefish'	Alveolo-palatal. Used to be voiced. Corresponds to in other dialects of Spanish (speakers from other areas of Spain mishear it as ).
Turkish			{{errorTemplate:Main other|Audio file "Tr-köy.ogg" not found}}Template:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler	'village'	See Turkish phonology
VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp				'elder sister'	May be slightly affricated . See Vietnamese phonology
West Frisian				'strainer'	See West Frisian phonology
Western Desert				'one'
Damin				'go'

Post-palatal

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Belarusian				'acidic'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Belarusian phonology
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp				'who'	Allophone of before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Catalan phonology
Danish	StandardTemplate:Sfnp			'hostage'	Allophone of before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Danish phonology
EnglishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp		keen	{{errorTemplate:Main other|Audio file "keen-pronunciation-audio.ogg" not found}}Template:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler	'keen'	Allophone of before front vowels and .Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See English phonology
		back	bæc̠	back	Mainstream Irish English realisation of /k/ after front vowels.
German	StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp			'child'	Allophone of before and after front vowels.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
GreekTemplate:Sfnp			{{errorTemplate:Main other|Audio file "Ell-Makednos.ogg" not found}}Template:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler	'Makedon'	See Modern Greek phonology
Italian	StandardTemplate:Sfnp		{{errorTemplate:Main other|Audio file "Ita-Chi.wav" not found}}Template:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler	'who'	Allophone of before .Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology
Japanese		/ Template:Transliteration		'nine'	Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨kʲ⟩, allophone of /kj/. See Japanese phonology
Polish				'when'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese				'Chi'	Allophone of before front vowels. See Portuguese phonology
RomanianTemplate:Sfnp				'eye'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Romanian phonology
Russian	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	/		'whale'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Russian phonology
Scottish GaelicTemplate:Sfnp				'five (5)'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp				'kilo(gram)'	Allophone of before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Spanish phonology
Tidore		yaci		'to rip'
Ukrainian		/	{{errorTemplate:Main other|Audio file "Uk-кінчик.ogg" not found}}Template:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler	'tip'	Can also be transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA, but is an allophone of before front vowels. See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese		Template:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler			Final allophone of . See Vietnamese phonology

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

External links

• Template:Phoible