Combativity award in the Tour de France
Template:Short description Template:Infobox sports award The combativity award is a prize given in the Tour de France for the most combative rider overall during the race. Historically, it favored constant attackers as it was based on the distance spent in a breakaway, included winning checkpoints and outright stage wins. Today, the winner is chosen by a jury.[1] Besides the overall winner, the jury also awards a combativity award to the most aggressive rider at the end of each stage, with this rider allowed to wear a golden number the following race day.
The 1981 Tour de France marked the last time the winner of the general classification also won the combativity award.
History
Since 1952,[2] after every stage the most combative cyclist was given an award, and an overall competition was recorded.[3] At the end of the 1956 Tour de France, André Darrigade was named the most attacking cyclist.[4] At this point, the award was given the same importance as the award for the cyclist with the most bad luck, Picot in 1956.
In 1961, the award was not given to an individual cyclist, but to the entire West-South-West regional team.
The system of the award has changed over the years. Historically, riders accumulated points, and the cyclist with the most points at the end of the Tour was declared the winner.[5] The cyclist did not have to finish the race; for example, in 1971, Luis Ocaña crashed out while wearing the yellow jersey on the Col de Menté in stage 14, and in 1972, Cyrille Guimard wore the green jersey in second place overall when he withdrew, but both were still given the combativity award.
In 1979, the combativity award was initially given to Joop Zoetemelk;[6] however, Hennie Kuiper received the final award.
In a system that was implemented in 2003, a jury of eight specialists in cycling selected the most combative cyclist of each stage (excluding time trials), with the classification for most distance in breakaway groups only part of the decision.[7]
There is no jersey for the most combative rider of the previous stage, but he can be recognized by the race number worn on his back: it consists of a black number on a golden background instead of the usual black on white.[8] From 1998 until 2022, it consisted of a white number on a red background.[9][7]
At the end of the Tour de France, a "super-combativity award" is given to the most combative cyclist of the race. since 2017[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the total prize money for the super-combativity award winner is €20,000.[10]
From 2023, the number will be golden, following sponsorship by real estate company Century 21.[8]
Winners
Overall super-combativity award winners since 1953.[11]
| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1953[12] | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Netherlands |
| 1954[13] | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". (victory shared with Script error: No such module "Sort".) | France South-East |
| 1954[13] | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". (victory shared with Script error: No such module "Sort".) | France West |
| 1955[14] | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Luxembourg/Mixed |
| 1956 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | France |
| 1957 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | France Île-de-France |
| 1958 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Spain |
| 1959 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | France West South-West |
| 1960 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | France |
| 1961 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Team award | France West South-West |
| 1962 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Groene Leeuw |
| 1963 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data GBC |
| 1964 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Pelforth |
| 1965 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Salvarani |
| 1966 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Molteni |
| 1967 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | France |
| 1968 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | France A |
| 1969 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Faemino |
| 1970 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Faemino |
| 1971 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Bic |
| 1972 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Mercier |
| 1973 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Bic |
| 1974 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Molteni |
| 1975 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Molteni |
| 1976 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Peugeot |
| 1977 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data TIR |
| 1978 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data TIR |
| 1979 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort".Template:Refn | Template:Cycling data TIR |
| 1980 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Mercier |
| 1981 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data REN |
| 1982 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Mercier |
| 1983 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Cilo |
| 1984 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data LVC |
| 1985 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data LTS |
| 1986 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data LVC |
| 1987 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data Teka |
| 1988 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data C.A |
| 1989 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data SUG |
| 1990 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data ONC |
| 1991 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data CAR |
| 1992 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data CAR |
| 1993 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data ZGM |
| 1994 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data UNO |
| 1995 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data KEL |
| 1996 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data FES |
| 1997 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data FES |
| 1998 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data ALM |
| 1999 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data SIL |
| 2000 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data RAB |
| 2001 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data SAX |
| 2002 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data SAX |
| 2003 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data THR |
| 2004 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data QST |
| 2005 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data PHO |
| 2006 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data FUJ |
| 2007 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data EUS |
| 2008 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data COF |
| 2009 | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 2010 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data QST |
| 2011 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data FDJ |
| 2012 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data TNK |
| 2013 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data ALM |
| 2014 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data CAN |
| 2015 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data ALM |
| 2016 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data TNK |
| 2017 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data SUN |
| 2018 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data UAD |
| 2019 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data QST |
| 2020 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data SUN |
| 2021 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data BBK |
| 2022 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data TJV |
| 2023 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data LTS |
| 2024 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Cycling data EFE |
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Notes
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References
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