1975 Tour de France
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use British English Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox". The 1975 Tour de France was the 62nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 26 June and 20 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of Script error: No such module "convert".. Eddy Merckx was attempting to win his sixth Tour de France, but became a victim of violence. Many French spectators were upset that a Belgian might beat the record of five wins set by France's Jacques Anquetil. During stage 14 a spectator leapt from the crowd and punched Merckx in the kidney. Frenchman Bernard Thévenet took over the lead. After Merckx subsequently fell and broke his cheekbone, he was unable to challenge Thévenet, who went on to win the Tour with Merckx second.
Belgian cyclists were successful in the secondary classifications: the points classification was won by Rik Van Linden, mountains classification by Lucien Van Impe, and the intermediate sprints classification by Marc Demeyer. For the first time, there was young rider classification, won by Italian Francesco Moser.
Teams
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There were 14 teams participating, with 10 cyclists each.[1][2]
The teams entering the race were:[1]
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- Template:Cycling data Molteni
- Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson
- Template:Cycling data KAS
- Template:Cycling data Jollj
- Template:Cycling data Super Ser
- Template:Cycling data Peugeot
- Bianchi–Campagnolo
- Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo
- Template:Cycling data Filotex
- Template:Cycling data Flandria
- Template:Cycling data Sporting
- Template:Cycling data Miko–de Gribaldy
- Template:Cycling data Frisol
- Template:Cycling data Jobo
Pre-race favourites
Eddy Merckx, who had won all five times that he participated, was again the big favourite. Merckx' first part of the season had been going well, winning Milan–San Remo, the Tour of Flanders and Liège–Bastogne–Liège.[3] If Merckx would win again, he would beat Jacques Anquetil and become the first cyclist to win the Tour six times. Merckx did not care about that record: "The idea doesn't interest me very much because then people would want me to go for a seventh and then an eighth".[3]
A few months before the race, Merckx was unsure if he would start the Tour. His race schedule had been very busy, and he thought riding the Giro and the Tour in the same year would not work. Merckx preferred to ride the Tour, but his Italian team preferred the Giro.[4]
Bernard Thévenet contracted shingles during the 1975 Vuelta a España, but recovered and won the Dauphiné Liberé.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Route and stages
The 1975 Tour de France started on 26 June, and had two rest days, the first in Auch the second after the finish on the Puy de Dôme, during which the cyclists were transferred to Nice.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The 1975 Tour de France did not include a team time trial for the first time since 1962. After 1975, it would be included again every year until 1995.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The final stage had become more popular over the years, and the Tour organisers therefore moved the finish line from the Vélodrome de Vincennes to the more prestigious Champs-Élysées.[5] The highest point of elevation in the race was Script error: No such module "convert". at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 16.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6]
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | 26 June | Charleroi (Belgium) | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Time Trial.svg | Individual time trial | File:Flag of Italy.svg Francesco Moser (ITA) |
| 1a | 27 June | Charleroi (Belgium) to Molenbeek (Belgium) | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Cees Priem (NED) |
| 1b | Molenbeek (Belgium) to Roubaix | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Rik Van Linden (BEL) | |
| 2 | 28 June | Roubaix to Amiens | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Ronald de Witte (BEL) |
| 3 | 29 June | Amiens to Versailles | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Karel Rottiers (BEL) |
| 4 | 30 June | Versailles to Le Mans | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of France.svg Jacques Esclassan (FRA) |
| 5 | 1 July | Sablé-sur-Sarthe to Merlin-Plage | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Theo Smit (NED) |
| 6 | 2 July | Merlin-Plage | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Time Trial.svg | Individual time trial | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Eddy Merckx (BEL) |
| 7 | 3 July | Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie to Angoulême | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of Italy.svg Francesco Moser (ITA) |
| 8 | 4 July | Angoulême to Bordeaux | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Barry Hoban (GBR) |
| 9a | 5 July | Langon to Fleurance | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Theo Smit (NED) |
| 9b | Fleurance to Auch | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Time Trial.svg | Individual time trial | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Eddy Merckx (BEL) | |
| 6 July | Auch | Rest day | ||||
| 10 | 7 July | Auch to Pau | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Mountainstage.svg | Stage with mountain(s) | File:Flag of Italy.svg Felice Gimondi (ITA) |
| 11 | 8 July | Pau to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Mountainstage.svg | Stage with mountain(s) | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Joop Zoetemelk (NED) |
| 12 | 9 July | Tarbes to Albi | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Gerrie Knetemann (NED) |
| 13 | 10 July | Albi to Super-Lioran | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Mountainstage.svg | Stage with mountain(s) | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Michel Pollentier (BEL) |
| 14 | 11 July | Aurillac to Puy de Dôme | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Mountainstage.svg | Stage with mountain(s) | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Lucien Van Impe (BEL) |
| 12 July | Nice | Rest day | ||||
| 15 | 13 July | Nice to Pra-Loup | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Mountainstage.svg | Stage with mountain(s) | File:Flag of France.svg Bernard Thévenet (FRA) |
| 16 | 14 July | Barcelonnette to Serre Chevalier | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Mountainstage.svg | Stage with mountain(s) | File:Flag of France.svg Bernard Thévenet (FRA) |
| 17 | 15 July | Valloire to Morzine Avoriaz | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Mountainstage.svg | Stage with mountain(s) | File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Vicente López Carril (ESP) |
| 18 | 16 July | Morzine to Châtel | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Time Trial.svg | Individual time trial | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Lucien Van Impe (BEL) |
| 19 | 17 July | Thonon-les-Bains to Chalon-sur-Saône | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Mountainstage.svg | Stage with mountain(s) | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Rik Van Linden (BEL) |
| 20 | 18 July | Pouilly-en-Auxois to Melun | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of Italy.svg Giacinto Santambrogio (ITA) |
| 21 | 19 July | Melun to Senlis | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Rik Van Linden (BEL) |
| 22 | 20 July | Paris to Paris (Champs-Élysées) | Script error: No such module "convert". | File:Plainstage.svg | Plain stage | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Walter Godefroot (BEL) |
| Total | Script error: No such module "convert".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||
Race overview
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Francesco Moser won the prologue, and kept the lead until the first time trial. Merckx started the Tour aggressively, which caused the peloton to split in two groups in the first stage. Eddy Merckx and Moser were in the first group, and won a minute on most of their competitors. In the second part of the first stage, the field split again, but this time Thevenet and Poulidor were also in the first group. In stage six, a time trial, Merckx beat Moser and became the leader.[3]
The first climbing was done in the tenth stage, but the favourites stayed together, and the general classification was not changed.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The major Pyrenéan mountains were scheduled in stage eleven. In that stage, Bernard Thévenet and Joop Zoetemelk escaped together, while Merckx could not follow them. Zoetemelk won, with Merckx almost one minute behind.[5] From this point on only Thevenet, Lucien Van Impe, Zoetemelk and Merckx had a realistic chance of winning the maillot jaune as the other favourites finished much later, and lost their hopes of winning the Tour.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The fourteenth stage had its finish on top of the Puy de Dôme. When Merckx was about to catch Joop Zoetemelk, a French spectator punched Merckx in the stomach.[3] Zoetemelk did not capitalize and gain time on Merckx because of this as they crossed the finish line with the same time 0:49 behind stage winner Van Impe, who did win some time over the rest of the field together with Thevenet who came in a few seconds behind Van Impe.
After the rest day, the fifteenth stage would end in Pra-Loup. Merckx was still the leader, and escaped from the rest. But on the final climb, Merckx was out of energy, and Thévenet was able to reach Merckx two kilometres from the finish, leave Merckx behind, and win with a margin of two minutes.[3] Trying to follow Gimondi on a downhill, the team car of Bianchi went off the road, falling 150 meters down a cliff. The mechanic separated from the car, landed in a tree and survived.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Thévenet was the new leader, and improved his margin in the sixteenth stage by winning with more than two minutes on Merckx.
While riding to the start of the seventeenth stage, Merckx collided with Ole Ritter, and broke a cheekbone.[3] Merckx' broken cheekbone gave him problems with eating, and the Tour doctor gave him the advice to abandon the race. Merckx decided to stay in the race, because of the prize money for his teammates that his second place in the general classification and other classifications would earn them.[3]
Doping
After every stage in the 1975 Tour de France, the leader of the race, the winner of the stage and the runner-up, and two random cyclists were checked.[10] In total, 110 tests were done, of which three returned positive,[11] Régis Delépine (after stage 5), Felice Gimondi and José-Luis Viejo (both after stage 15).[12][13][14] All three were fined with 1000 Swiss Francs, received one month suspended sentence, were set back to the last place in the stage where they tested positive, and received 10 minutes penalty time in the general classification. This meant that Gimondi, who initially finished the Tour in fifth place, was set back to the sixth place.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1975 Tour de France, four of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Time bonuses for stage winners were removed for the 1975 Tour.[15]
Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification. 1975 was the first year that the leader of the classification wore a white jersey with red polka dots.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The combination classification was removed, and the young rider classification was added.[5]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7] This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only neo-professionals were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1975, this classification had no associated jersey.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after certain stages to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". At the conclusion of the Tour, Eddy Merckx won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Télégraphe on stage 17. This prize was won by Luis Balagué.[16]
Final standings
| Legend | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A yellow jersey. | Denotes the winner of the general classification | A green jersey. | Denotes the winner of the points classification |
| A white jersey with red polka dots. | Denotes the winner of the mountains classification | A white jersey. | Denotes the winner of the young rider classification |
General classification
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Points classification
Mountains classification
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Young rider classification
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Francesco Moser (ITA) A white jersey. | Template:Cycling data Filotex | 114h 59' 44" |
| 2 | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Hennie Kuiper (NED) | Template:Cycling data Frisol | + 16' 32" |
| 3 | File:Flag of France.svg André Romero (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Jobo | + 20' 11" |
| 4 | File:Flag of France.svg Georges Talbourdet (FRA) | Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson | + 20' 36" |
| 5 | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Fedor den Hertog (NED) | Template:Cycling data Frisol | + 32' 32" |
| 6 | File:Flag of France.svg Ferdinand Julien (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Sporting | + 41' 24" |
| 7 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Michel Pollentier (BEL) | Template:Cycling data Flandria | + 51' 10" |
| 8 | File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg José Viejo (ESP) | Template:Cycling data Super Ser | + 57' 41" |
| 9 | File:Flag of Colombia.svg Martín Emilio Rodríguez (COL) | Bianchi–Campagnolo | + 59' 43" |
| 10 | File:Flag of France.svg Régis Ovion (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Peugeot | + 1h 05' 10" |
Intermediate sprints classification
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Marc Demeyer (BEL) | Template:Cycling data Flandria | 77 |
| 2 | File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Barry Hoban (GBR) | Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson | 47 |
| 3 | File:Flag of France.svg Robert Mintkiewicz (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo | 35 |
| 4 | File:Flag of France.svg Guy Sibille (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Peugeot | 16 |
| 5 | File:Flag of France.svg Claude Magni (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Jobo | 12 |
| 6 | File:Flag of France.svg Francis Campaner (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Sporting | 10 |
| 7 | File:Flag of France.svg Mariano Martínez (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo | 9 |
| 8 | File:Flag of France.svg Jean-Claude Misac (FRA) | Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson | 9 |
| 9 | File:Flag of France.svg Guy Leleu (FRA) | Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo | 8 |
| 10 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Willy Teirlinck (BEL) | Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo | 8 |
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Team classification
| Rank | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson | 345h 03' 49" |
| 2 | Template:Cycling data Molteni | + 8' 28" |
| 3 | Template:Cycling data Filotex | + 11' 17" |
| 4 | Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo | + 20' 08" |
| 5 | Template:Cycling data Peugeot | + 28' 47" |
| 6 | Bianchi–Campagnolo | + 41' 13" |
| 7 | Template:Cycling data KAS | + 1h 04' 48" |
| 8 | Template:Cycling data Super Ser | + 1h 05' 22" |
| 9 | Template:Cycling data Sporting | + 2h 34' 45" |
| 10 | Template:Cycling data Frisol | + 2h 37' 19" |
Team points classification
| Rank | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson | 950 |
| 2 | Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo | 1072 |
| 3 | Template:Cycling data Molteni | 1425 |
| 4 | Bianchi–Campagnolo | 1538 |
| 5 | Template:Cycling data Peugeot | 1553 |
| 6 | Template:Cycling data Filotex | 1560 |
| 7 | Template:Cycling data Flandria | 1605 |
| 8 | Template:Cycling data Frisol | 2269 |
| 9 | Template:Cycling data Super Ser | 2319 |
| 10 | Template:Cycling data Miko–de Gribaldy | 2565 |
Aftermath
Later, Merckx said that his decision to stay in the Tour after he broke his cheekbone was stupid. He felt that it cut his career short. He said that, instead of worrying about sharing his prize money with his teammates, he should have just paid them out of his own pockets.[3]
Thevenet later confessed that he had used cortisones in 1975.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
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Bibliography
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Further reading
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External links
Template:1975 Super Prestige Pernod Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox with collapsible groups".