1975 Tour de France

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Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use British English Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox". The 1975 Tour de France was the 62nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 26 June and 20 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of Script error: No such module "convert".. Eddy Merckx was attempting to win his sixth Tour de France, but became a victim of violence. Many French spectators were upset that a Belgian might beat the record of five wins set by France's Jacques Anquetil. During stage 14 a spectator leapt from the crowd and punched Merckx in the kidney. Frenchman Bernard Thévenet took over the lead. After Merckx subsequently fell and broke his cheekbone, he was unable to challenge Thévenet, who went on to win the Tour with Merckx second.

Belgian cyclists were successful in the secondary classifications: the points classification was won by Rik Van Linden, mountains classification by Lucien Van Impe, and the intermediate sprints classification by Marc Demeyer. For the first time, there was young rider classification, won by Italian Francesco Moser.

Teams

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There were 14 teams participating, with 10 cyclists each.[1][2]

The teams entering the race were:[1]

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Pre-race favourites

File:Eddy Merckx Amstel Gold Race 1975 (cropped).jpg
Five-time winner of the general classification Eddy Merckx (pictured at the 1975 Amstel Gold Race)

Eddy Merckx, who had won all five times that he participated, was again the big favourite. Merckx' first part of the season had been going well, winning Milan–San Remo, the Tour of Flanders and Liège–Bastogne–Liège.[3] If Merckx would win again, he would beat Jacques Anquetil and become the first cyclist to win the Tour six times. Merckx did not care about that record: "The idea doesn't interest me very much because then people would want me to go for a seventh and then an eighth".[3]

A few months before the race, Merckx was unsure if he would start the Tour. His race schedule had been very busy, and he thought riding the Giro and the Tour in the same year would not work. Merckx preferred to ride the Tour, but his Italian team preferred the Giro.[4]

Bernard Thévenet contracted shingles during the 1975 Vuelta a España, but recovered and won the Dauphiné Liberé.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Route and stages

The 1975 Tour de France started on 26 June, and had two rest days, the first in Auch the second after the finish on the Puy de Dôme, during which the cyclists were transferred to Nice.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The 1975 Tour de France did not include a team time trial for the first time since 1962. After 1975, it would be included again every year until 1995.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The final stage had become more popular over the years, and the Tour organisers therefore moved the finish line from the Vélodrome de Vincennes to the more prestigious Champs-Élysées.[5] The highest point of elevation in the race was Script error: No such module "convert". at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 16.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6]

Stage characteristics and winners[7]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[8][9]
Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner
P 26 June Charleroi (Belgium) Script error: No such module "convert". File:Time Trial.svg Individual time trial File:Flag of Italy.svg Francesco Moser (ITA)
1a 27 June Charleroi (Belgium) to Molenbeek (Belgium) Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Cees Priem (NED)
1b Molenbeek (Belgium) to Roubaix Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Rik Van Linden (BEL)
2 28 June Roubaix to Amiens Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Ronald de Witte (BEL)
3 29 June Amiens to Versailles Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Karel Rottiers (BEL)
4 30 June Versailles to Le Mans Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of France.svg Jacques Esclassan (FRA)
5 1 July Sablé-sur-Sarthe to Merlin-Plage Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Theo Smit (NED)
6 2 July Merlin-Plage Script error: No such module "convert". File:Time Trial.svg Individual time trial File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Eddy Merckx (BEL)
7 3 July Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie to Angoulême Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of Italy.svg Francesco Moser (ITA)
8 4 July Angoulême to Bordeaux Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Barry Hoban (GBR)
9a 5 July Langon to Fleurance Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Theo Smit (NED)
9b Fleurance to Auch Script error: No such module "convert". File:Time Trial.svg Individual time trial File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Eddy Merckx (BEL)
6 July Auch Rest day
10 7 July Auch to Pau Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Stage with mountain(s) File:Flag of Italy.svg Felice Gimondi (ITA)
11 8 July Pau to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Stage with mountain(s) File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Joop Zoetemelk (NED)
12 9 July Tarbes to Albi Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Gerrie Knetemann (NED)
13 10 July Albi to Super-Lioran Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Stage with mountain(s) File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Michel Pollentier (BEL)
14 11 July Aurillac to Puy de Dôme Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Stage with mountain(s) File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Lucien Van Impe (BEL)
12 July Nice Rest day
15 13 July Nice to Pra-Loup Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Stage with mountain(s) File:Flag of France.svg Bernard Thévenet (FRA)
16 14 July Barcelonnette to Serre Chevalier Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Stage with mountain(s) File:Flag of France.svg Bernard Thévenet (FRA)
17 15 July Valloire to Morzine Avoriaz Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Stage with mountain(s) File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Vicente López Carril (ESP)
18 16 July Morzine to Châtel Script error: No such module "convert". File:Time Trial.svg Individual time trial File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Lucien Van Impe (BEL)
19 17 July Thonon-les-Bains to Chalon-sur-Saône Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Stage with mountain(s) File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Rik Van Linden (BEL)
20 18 July Pouilly-en-Auxois to Melun Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of Italy.svg Giacinto Santambrogio (ITA)
21 19 July Melun to Senlis Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Rik Van Linden (BEL)
22 20 July Paris to Paris (Champs-Élysées) Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Walter Godefroot (BEL)
Total Script error: No such module "convert".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Race overview

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File:Bernhard Thevenet (1978).jpg
Bernard Thévenet (pictured in 1978), winner of the general classification

Francesco Moser won the prologue, and kept the lead until the first time trial. Merckx started the Tour aggressively, which caused the peloton to split in two groups in the first stage. Eddy Merckx and Moser were in the first group, and won a minute on most of their competitors. In the second part of the first stage, the field split again, but this time Thevenet and Poulidor were also in the first group. In stage six, a time trial, Merckx beat Moser and became the leader.[3]

The first climbing was done in the tenth stage, but the favourites stayed together, and the general classification was not changed.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The major Pyrenéan mountains were scheduled in stage eleven. In that stage, Bernard Thévenet and Joop Zoetemelk escaped together, while Merckx could not follow them. Zoetemelk won, with Merckx almost one minute behind.[5] From this point on only Thevenet, Lucien Van Impe, Zoetemelk and Merckx had a realistic chance of winning the maillot jaune as the other favourites finished much later, and lost their hopes of winning the Tour.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The fourteenth stage had its finish on top of the Puy de Dôme. When Merckx was about to catch Joop Zoetemelk, a French spectator punched Merckx in the stomach.[3] Zoetemelk did not capitalize and gain time on Merckx because of this as they crossed the finish line with the same time 0:49 behind stage winner Van Impe, who did win some time over the rest of the field together with Thevenet who came in a few seconds behind Van Impe.

After the rest day, the fifteenth stage would end in Pra-Loup. Merckx was still the leader, and escaped from the rest. But on the final climb, Merckx was out of energy, and Thévenet was able to reach Merckx two kilometres from the finish, leave Merckx behind, and win with a margin of two minutes.[3] Trying to follow Gimondi on a downhill, the team car of Bianchi went off the road, falling 150 meters down a cliff. The mechanic separated from the car, landed in a tree and survived.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Thévenet was the new leader, and improved his margin in the sixteenth stage by winning with more than two minutes on Merckx.

While riding to the start of the seventeenth stage, Merckx collided with Ole Ritter, and broke a cheekbone.[3] Merckx' broken cheekbone gave him problems with eating, and the Tour doctor gave him the advice to abandon the race. Merckx decided to stay in the race, because of the prize money for his teammates that his second place in the general classification and other classifications would earn them.[3]

Doping

After every stage in the 1975 Tour de France, the leader of the race, the winner of the stage and the runner-up, and two random cyclists were checked.[10] In total, 110 tests were done, of which three returned positive,[11] Régis Delépine (after stage 5), Felice Gimondi and José-Luis Viejo (both after stage 15).[12][13][14] All three were fined with 1000 Swiss Francs, received one month suspended sentence, were set back to the last place in the stage where they tested positive, and received 10 minutes penalty time in the general classification. This meant that Gimondi, who initially finished the Tour in fifth place, was set back to the sixth place.

Classification leadership and minor prizes

There were several classifications in the 1975 Tour de France, four of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Time bonuses for stage winners were removed for the 1975 Tour.[15]

Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification. 1975 was the first year that the leader of the classification wore a white jersey with red polka dots.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The combination classification was removed, and the young rider classification was added.[5]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7] This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only neo-professionals were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1975, this classification had no associated jersey.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after certain stages to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". At the conclusion of the Tour, Eddy Merckx won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Télégraphe on stage 17. This prize was won by Luis Balagué.[16]

Classification leadership by stage[17][18]
Stage Stage winner General classification
File:Jersey yellow.svg
Points classification
File:Jersey green.svg
Mountains classification
File:Jersey polkadot.svg
Young rider classification
File:Jersey white.svg
Intermediate sprints classification Team classifications Combativity award
By time By points
P Francesco Moser Francesco Moser Francesco Moser no award Francesco Moser no award Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson no award
1a Cees Priem Eddy Merckx Joop Zoetemelk Marc Demeyer Template:Cycling data Flandria Eddy Merckx
1b Rik Van Linden Francesco Moser Template:Cycling data Flandria
2 Ronald De Witte Rik Van Linden Lucien Van Impe Jean-Claude Misac
3 Karel Rottiers Jean-Claude Misac
4 Jacques Esclassan Martín Emilio Rodríguez
5 Theo Smit Michel Laurent
6 Eddy Merckx Eddy Merckx Yves Hézard
7 Francesco Moser Luis Ocaña
8 Barry Hoban Fedor den Hertog
9a Theo Smit Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson Guy Sibille
9b Eddy Merckx Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson
10 Felice Gimondi Lucien Van Impe
11 Joop Zoetemelk Giovanni Battaglin Joop Zoetemelk
12 Gerrie Knetemann Gerrie Knetemann
13 Michel Pollentier Francesco Moser Hennie Kuiper
14 Lucien Van Impe Eddy Merckx
15 Bernard Thévenet Bernard Thévenet Eddy Merckx
16 Bernard Thévenet Joop Zoetemelk
17 Vicente López Carril Vicente López Carril
18 Lucien Van Impe Ole Ritter
19 Rik Van Linden Jean-Claude Misac
20 Giacinto Santambrogio Roger Legeay
21 Rik Van Linden Herman Van Springel
22 Walter Godefroot Fedor den Hertog
Final Bernard Thévenet Rik Van Linden Lucien Van Impe Francesco Moser Marc Demeyer Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson Eddy Merckx

Final standings

Legend
A yellow jersey. Denotes the winner of the general classification A green jersey. Denotes the winner of the points classification
A white jersey with red polka dots. Denotes the winner of the mountains classification A white jersey. Denotes the winner of the young rider classification

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[19]
Rank Rider Team Time
1 File:Flag of France.svg Bernard Thévenet (FRA) A yellow jersey. Template:Cycling data Peugeot 114h 35' 31"
2 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Eddy Merckx (BEL) Template:Cycling data Molteni + 2' 47"
3 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Lucien Van Impe (BEL) A white jersey with red polka dots. Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo + 5' 01"
4 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Joop Zoetemelk (NED) Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson + 6' 42"
5 File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Vicente López Carril (ESP) Template:Cycling data KAS + 19' 29"
6 File:Flag of Italy.svg Felice Gimondi (ITA) Bianchi–Campagnolo + 23' 05"
7 File:Flag of Italy.svg Francesco Moser (ITA) A white jersey. Template:Cycling data Filotex + 24' 13"
8 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Josef Fuchs (SUI) Template:Cycling data Filotex + 25' 51"
9 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Edouard Janssens (BEL) Template:Cycling data Molteni + 32' 01"
10 File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Pedro Torres (ESP) Template:Cycling data Super Ser + 35' 36"

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Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)[20]
Rank Team Time
1 Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson 345h 03' 49"
2 Template:Cycling data Molteni + 8' 28"
3 Template:Cycling data Filotex + 11' 17"
4 Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo + 20' 08"
5 Template:Cycling data Peugeot + 28' 47"
6 Bianchi–Campagnolo + 41' 13"
7 Template:Cycling data KAS + 1h 04' 48"
8 Template:Cycling data Super Ser + 1h 05' 22"
9 Template:Cycling data Sporting + 2h 34' 45"
10 Template:Cycling data Frisol + 2h 37' 19"
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Team points classification

Final team points classification (1–10)[20]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Rank Team Points
1 Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson 950
2 Template:Cycling data Gitane–Campagnolo 1072
3 Template:Cycling data Molteni 1425
4 Bianchi–Campagnolo 1538
5 Template:Cycling data Peugeot 1553
6 Template:Cycling data Filotex 1560
7 Template:Cycling data Flandria 1605
8 Template:Cycling data Frisol 2269
9 Template:Cycling data Super Ser 2319
10 Template:Cycling data Miko–de Gribaldy 2565

Aftermath

Later, Merckx said that his decision to stay in the Tour after he broke his cheekbone was stupid. He felt that it cut his career short. He said that, instead of worrying about sharing his prize money with his teammates, he should have just paid them out of his own pockets.[3]

Thevenet later confessed that he had used cortisones in 1975.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

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Bibliography

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Further reading

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External links

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