Bufo
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Bufo is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known common toad (B. bufo).[1] Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in Bufo are Anaxyrus (many North American species), Bufotes (European green toad and relatives), Duttaphrynus (many Asian species, including the Asian common toad introduced elsewhere), Epidalea (natterjack toad) and Rhinella (many Latin American species, including the cane toad introduced elsewhere).[2]
Description
True toads have in common stocky figures and short legs, which make them relatively poor jumpers. Their dry skin is thick and "warty".
Behind their eyes, Bufo species have wart-like structures, the parotoid glands. These glands distinguish the true toads from all other tailless amphibians. They secrete a fatty, white poisonous substance which acts as a deterrent to predators. Contrary to folk belief, handling toads does not cause warts, however due to the poison they secrete, and bacteria on their skins, a person should wash their hands thoroughly after handling one.[3] The poison of most if not all toads contains bufotoxin.
Species
Formerly, the genus Bufo encompassed many species and was divided into several subgenera. Frost et al. (2006) removed most of the species of former Bufo to other genera and restricted the name Bufo to members of the Bufo bufo group of earlier authors.[2] Now, this genus has been reduced to 24 extant species:[1]
| Binomial name and author | Common name |
|---|---|
| Bufo ailaoanus Kou, 1984Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Ailao toad |
| Bufo andrewsi (Schmidt, 1925Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Andrew's toad |
| Bufo aspinius (Yang, Liu, and Rao, 1996)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Spineless stream toad |
| Bufo bankorensis (Barbour, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Central Formosa toad, Bankor toad |
| Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Common toad, European toad |
| Bufo cryptotympanicus (Liu & Hu, 1962Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Earless toad |
| Bufo eichwaldi (Litvinchuk, Borkin, Skorinov, and Rosanov, 2008Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Eichwald's toad, Talysh toad |
| Bufo exiguus (Qi, Lyu, Song, Wei, Zhong, and Wang, 2023Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | |
| Bufo formosus (Boulenger, 1883Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | |
| Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Chusan Island toad, Asiatic toad |
| †Bufo linquensis (Yang, 1977Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | |
| Bufo luchunnicus (Yang and Rao, 2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Luchun stream toad |
| Bufo menglianus (Yang, 2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Menglian stream toad |
| Bufo minshanicus (Stejneger, 1926Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | |
| Bufo pageoti (Bourret, 1937Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Tonkin toad |
| Bufo japonicus (Boie, 1826Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Japanese common toad, Japanese warty toad, Japanese toad |
| Bufo sachalinensis (Nikolskii, 1905Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | |
| Bufo spinosus (Daudin, 1803Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Spiny toad, spiny common toad, giant toad |
| Bufo stejnegeri (Schmidt, 1931Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Korean water toad, Stejneger's toad, Korean toad, water toad |
| Bufo tibetanus (Zarevskii, 1926 "1925"Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Tibetan toad |
| Bufo tuberculatus (Zarevskij, 1926Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) | Qinghai Lake toad, round-warted toad |
| Bufo tuberospinius (Yang, Liu, and Rao, 1996)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Bufo torrenticola (Matsui, 1976)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Japanese stream toad, Honshū toad |
| Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Caucasian toad |
| Bufo yongdeensis (Rao, Liu, Ma, and Zhu, 2022 "2020")Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Bufo yunlingensis Rao, Liu, Ma, and Zhu, 2022 "2020"Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Footnotes
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References
- amphibiaweb.org - Bufo
- Blair (ed.), 1972, Evol. Genus Bufo.
- Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C, Cannatella. (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
- <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Pauly, Greg B., Hillis, David M. & Cannatella, David C. (2009): Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names. Herpetologica 65: 115–128. PDF full-text