Duttaphrynus
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Duttaphrynus, named after Sushil Kumar Dutta,[1] is a genus of true toads endemic to southwestern and southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan and throughout southern Asia from northern Pakistan and Nepal through India and Bangladesh[2] to Sri Lanka, Andaman Island, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Bali.[3]
Description
These toads are characterized by heads with prominent, bony ridges, such as a canthal, a preorbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital ridge and a short orbitotympanic ridge. The snout is short and blunt; the interorbital space is broader than the upper eyelid; the tympanum is very small, not half the diameter of eye, and generally indistinct. The first finger of these toads extends beyond the second; the toes are half webbed with single subarticular tubercles, two moderate metatarsal tubercles, and no tarsal fold. The tarsometatarsal articulation reaches the eye, or between the eye and the tip of the snout. The upper surface features are irregular and distinctly porous warts with prominent parotoids. These are elliptical and two, or two and a half, times as long as they are broad. The toads are brown above and yellow beneath, marbled with brown. Males have a subgular vocal sac and are typically 3 in long.[4]
This genus was previously assigned to the Bufo melanostictus group. Frost et al. suggested that species of the genus Duttaphrynus are only distantly related to other Asiatic bufonids and consequently moved these species to a separate genus in 2006.[5]
Species
| Binomial name and author | Common name |
|---|---|
| Duttaphrynus atukoralei (Bogert & Senanayake, 1966)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Yala toad |
| Duttaphrynus beddomii (Günther, 1876)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Beddome's toad |
| Duttaphrynus brevirostris (Rao, 1937)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Kempholey toad |
| Duttaphrynus chandai Das, Chetia, Dutta, and Sengupta, 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Nagaland montane torrent toad |
| Duttaphrynus crocus (Wogan, Win, Thin, Lwin, Shein, Kyi & Tun, 2003)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Duttaphrynus dhufarensis (Parker, 1931)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Oman toad |
| Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Günther, 1864)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Himalayan broad-skulled toad |
| Duttaphrynus kotagamai (Fernando & Dayawansa, 1994)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Kotagama's dwarf toad |
| Duttaphrynus mamitensis (Mathew and Sen, 2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mamit's toad |
| Duttaphrynus manipurensis (Mathew and Sen, 2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mamit's toad |
| Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Asian common toad |
| Duttaphrynus microtympanum (Boulenger, 1882)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Small-eared toad |
| Duttaphrynus mizoramensis (Mathew and Sen, 2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Kolasib's toad |
| Duttaphrynus nagalandensis (Mathew and Sen, 2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Nagaland's toad |
| Duttaphrynus noellerti (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 1998)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Noellert's toad |
| Duttaphrynus parietalis (Boulenger, 1882)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Indian toad |
| Duttaphrynus scaber (Schneider, 1799)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Schneider's toad |
| Duttaphrynus silentvalleyensis (Pillai, 1981)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Silent Valley toad |
| Duttaphrynus stuarti (Smith, 1929)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Stuart's toad |
| Duttaphrynus sumatranus (Peters, 1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Sumatra toad |
| Duttaphrynus totol (Ohler, 2010)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Duttaphrynus valhallae (Meade-Waldo, 1909)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pulo Weh toad |
| Duttaphrynus wokhaensis (Mathew and Sen, 2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Wokha's toad |
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Qayyum, Abdul (2019). টাঙ্গুয়ার হাওর: জীববৈচিত্র্যের জীবন্ত মডেল (Tanguar Haor: Living Model of Biodiversity). Mohabritto (Issue 4), Dhaka
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia
- ↑ Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006: The Amphibian Tree of Life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 364-365
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External links
- <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Frost, Darrel R. 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). Duttaphrynus. Electronic Database accessible at https://web.archive.org/web/20071024033938/http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 2, 2008).