Boraginaceae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Borage family)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, has two significantly different circumscriptions since December 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. In the narrower circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu stricto is one of 11 families placed in the order Boraginales and includes about 90–120 genera.[1][2] This approach was developed by the Boraginales Working Group.[1] In the older, broader circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu lato is the only family in the order Boraginales, and includes about 155 genera.[3]

Description

These plants have alternately arranged leaves, or a combination of alternate and opposite leaves. The leaf blades usually have a narrow shape; many are linear or lance-shaped. They are smooth-edged or toothed, and some have petioles. Most species have bisexual flowers, but some taxa are dioecious. Most pollination is by hymenopterans, such as bees. Most species have inflorescences that have a coiling shape, at least when new, called scorpioid cymes.[4] The flower has a usually five-lobed calyx. The corolla varies in shape from rotate to bell-shaped to tubular, but it generally has five lobes. It can be green, white, yellow, orange, pink, purple, or blue. There are five stamens and one style with one or two stigmas. The fruit is a drupe, sometimes fleshy.[5]

Most members of this family have hairy leaves. The coarse character of the hairs is due to cystoliths of silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate. These hairs can induce an adverse skin reaction, including itching and rash in some individuals, particularly among people who handle the plants regularly, such as gardeners. In some species, anthocyanins cause the flowers to change color from red to blue with age. This may be a signal to pollinators that a flower is old and depleted of pollen and nectar.[6]

Well-known members of the family include:

Taxonomy

The APG IV system from 2016 classified the Boraginaceae as the only family in the order Boraginales within the asterids.[7] Under the older Cronquist system, it was included in the Lamiales, but clearly is no more similar to the other families in this order than it is to families in several other asterid orders. A revision of the Boraginales, also from 2016, split the Boraginaceae into 11 distinct families: Boraginaceae sensu stricto, Codonaceae, Coldeniaceae, Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hoplestigmataceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, Namaceae, and Wellstediaceae.[1]

Genera

since December 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., sources that used Boraginaceae sensu stricto included slightly different genera. Some genera accepted by one source were treated as synonyms by other sources, resulting in fewer genera.[1][8] World Flora Online accepted about 120 genera in Boraginaceae s.s..[2]

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Former genera

since December 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., genera placed in Boraginaceae sensu lato by Plants of the World Online, but placed in other families by sources that use the Boraginales Working Group system were:[11][1]

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Codonaceae[12]
    • Codon L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coldeniaceae[13]
    • Coldenia L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cordiaceae[14]
    • Cordia L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Varronia P.BrowneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Ehretiaceae[15]
    • Bourreria P.BrowneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Ehretia P.BrowneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Halgania Gaudich.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Keraunea Cheek & Sim.-Bianch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Lepidocordia DuckeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Rochefortia Sw.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Tiquilia Pers.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Heliotropiaceae[16]
    • Euploca Nutt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Heliotropium Tourn. ex L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Ixorhea FenzlScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Hoplestigmataceae[17]
    • Hoplestigma PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Hydrophyllaceae[18]
    • Draperia Torr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Ellisia L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Emmenanthe Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Eucrypta Nutt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Hesperochiron S.WatsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Hydrophyllum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Nemophila Nutt. ex W.P.C.BartonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Phacelia Juss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Pholistoma LiljaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Romanzoffia Cham.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Tricardia Torr. ex S.WatsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lennoaceae[19]
    • Lennoa Lex.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Pholisma Nutt. ex Hook.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Namaceae[20]
    • Eriodictyon Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Nama L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Wigandia KunthScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Wellstediaceae[21]
    • Wellstedia NovákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Template:Cite WFO
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Watson, L. and M. J. Dallwitz. 1992 onwards. Boraginaceae Juss. Template:Webarchive The Families of Flowering Plants. Version: 19 August 2013.
  6. ↑ Hess, D. 2005. Systematische Botanik. Template:ISBN
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Template:Open access
  8. ↑ Template:Cite GBIF
  9. ↑ Template:Cite GBIF
  10. ↑ Template:Cite GBIF
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  13. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  14. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  15. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  16. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  17. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  18. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  19. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  20. ↑ Template:Cite WFO
  21. ↑ Template:Cite WFO

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Template:Sister project Template:Sister project


Template:Angiosperm families Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Boraginaceae&oldid=4374945"