Echium

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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

File:Echium auberianum LC0202.jpg
Echium auberianum
File:Echium candicans1311.jpg
Echium candicans ('Pride of Madeira')
File:PikiWiki Israel 47542 Geography of Israel.JPG
Echium judaeum
File:Echium horridum kz03.jpg
Echium horridum
File:Echium rauwolfii flowers 1.jpg
Echium rauwolfii
File:Echium hierrense1.jpg
Flowers of Echium hierrense, a species native to El Hierro.
File:Echium angustifolium kz11.jpg
Echium angustifolium in Cyprus

Echium Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".[1] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae that contains about 70 species and several subspecies.

Species of Echium are native to North Africa, mainland Europe to Central Asia, and the Macaronesian islands where the genus reaches its maximum diversity. Twenty-nine species of Echium are endemic to the Canary, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos.[2] The continental species are herbaceous, whereas many of the endemic species of the Macaronesian islands are woody perennial shrubs.[3]

Etymology

The Latin genus name Echium comes from the Greek Script error: No such module "Lang". echion, referring to Echium plantagineum[4] and itself deriving from Script error: No such module "Lang". echis (viper); the Greek term dates to Dioscorides, who noted a resemblance between the shape of the nutlets and a viper's head.[5] The genus Echium was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.

Cultivation and uses

Many species are used as ornamental and garden plants and may be found in suitable climates throughout the world.[6] In Crete, Echium italicum is called pateroi (πάτεροι) or voidoglosses (βοϊδόγλωσσες) and its tender shoots are eaten boiled or steamed.[7]

Echium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora onosmella and orange swift.

In some countries Echium extract has been used as cure for various diseases and is believed to have beneficial properties.

Echium seed oil

The seed oil from E. plantagineum contains high levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), gamma-linolenic acid, and stearidonic acid, making it valuable in cosmetic and skin-care applications, with further potential as a functional food, as an alternative to fish oils.[8] However, despite its high ALA content, Echium seed oil does not increase docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid levels.[9]

Invasiveness

Some species have been widely naturalized in Mediterranean climates, including South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of South America and the United States. For example, Echium plantagineum has become a major invasive species in Australia.[10]

Species

68 species are accepted.[6]

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  1. Echium acanthocarpum Svent.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  2. Echium aculeatum Poir.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  3. Echium albicans Lag. & Rodr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  4. Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A.MeyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  5. Echium anchusoides Bacch., Brullo & SelviScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  6. Echium angustifolium Lam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  7. Echium arenarium Guss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  8. Echium asperrimum Lam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  9. Echium auberianum Webb & Berthel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  10. Echium × bailaderense A.A.WellerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  11. Echium bethencourtii A.SantosScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  12. Echium boissieri Steud.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  13. Echium × bond-spraguei Sprague & Hutch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  14. Echium bonnetii CoincyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  15. Echium brevirame Sprague & Hutch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  16. Echium callithyrsum Webb ex BolleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  17. Echium candicans L.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  18. Echium canum Emb. & MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  19. Echium clandestinum PomelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  20. Echium creticum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  21. Echium decaisnei Webb & Berthel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  22. Echium flavum Desf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  23. Echium gaditanum Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  24. Echium giganteum L.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  25. Echium glomeratum Poir.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  26. Echium handiense Svent.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  27. Echium hierrense Webb ex BolleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  28. Echium horridum Batt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  29. Echium humile Desf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  30. Echium hypertropicum WebbScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  31. Echium italicum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  32. Echium judaeum LacaitaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  33. Echium khuzistanicum Mozaff.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  34. Echium × lemsii G.KunkelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  35. Echium leucophaeum (Webb ex Christ) Webb ex Sprague & Hutch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  36. Echium × lidii G.KunkelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  37. Echium longifolium DelileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  38. Echium lusitanicum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  39. Echium modestum BallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  40. Echium montenielluense DelageScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  41. Echium nervosum W.T.AitonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  42. Echium onosmifolium Webb & Berthel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  43. Echium pabotii MouterdeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  44. Echium parviflorum MoenchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  45. Echium perezii SpragueScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  46. Echium petiolatum Barratte & CoincyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  47. Echium pininana Webb et Berthel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  48. Echium pitardii A.Chev.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  49. Echium plantagineum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  50. Echium portosanctense J.A.Carvalho, Pontes, Bat.-Marques & R.JardimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  51. Echium rauwolfii DelileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  52. Echium rosulatum LangeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  53. Echium rubrum Forssk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  54. Echium sabulicola PomelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  55. Echium salmanticum Lag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  56. Echium simplex DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  57. Echium spurium Lojac.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  58. Echium stenosiphon WebbScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  59. Echium strictum L.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  60. Echium suffruticosum BarratteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  61. Echium sventenii BramwellScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  62. Echium x taibiquense P.Wolff & RosinskiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  63. Echium tenue RothScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  64. Echium thyrsiflorum Masson ex LinkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  65. Echium triste Svent.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  66. Echium trygorrhizum PomelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  67. Echium tuberculatum Hoffmanns. & LinkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  68. Echium velutinum CoincyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  69. Echium virescens DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  70. Echium vulcanorum A.Chev.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  71. Echium vulgare L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  72. Echium webbii CoincyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  73. Echium wildpretii H.Pearson ex Hook.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Formerly placed here

  • Megacaryon orientale (L.) Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as Echium orientale L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Pontechium maculatum (L.) Böhle & HilgerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as Echium maculatum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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