1922 Australian federal election

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Template:Short description Template:Use Australian English Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The 1922 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 16 December 1922. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives, and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Nationalist Party, led by Prime Minister Billy Hughes lost its majority. However, the opposition Labor Party led by Matthew Charlton did not take office as the Nationalists sought a coalition with the fledgling Country Party led by Earle Page. The Country Party made Hughes's resignation the price for joining, and Hughes was replaced as Nationalist leader by Stanley Bruce.

Future Prime Minister Frank Forde and future opposition leader John Latham both entered parliament at this election.

At this election, Hughes as the sitting prime minister made his second seat transfer, in this case, from Bendigo to North Sydney. Hughes had held Bendigo since transferring there from West Sydney at the 1917 election also as the sitting prime minister.

Hughes remains the only sitting Prime Minister to transfer to another seat, not once but twice.

Aside from the 1917 and 1922 elections, all other elections have seen the sitting prime minister recontest the seat that they held prior to the election.

Background

The 1919 federal election had resulted in a hung parliament, with the newly formed Country Party holding the balance of power. Prime Minister Billy Hughes' Nationalist Party government was reliant on the support of the Country Party to pass legislation. Country Party leader Earle Page used the situation to his advantage, bargaining for concessions and refusing to guarantee support for confidence motions. A vote of confidence held in October 1921 on the government's budget passed by only a single vote, when Country MP Alexander Hay abstained from voting.[1]

ALP leader Frank Tudor died in office in January 1922, after a long period of ill health.[2] He was replaced as party leader and opposition leader by New South Wales MP Matthew Charlton, who had been acting leader for some time, although he was not formally confirmed in the position until May 1922.[3][4]

Campaign

Charlton and the ALP presented "policies of national development under a unified government with regional devolution of powers, tariff protection and limited immigration". He was briefly hospitalised during the campaign.[5]

Page presented the Country Party platform in October 1922, which included decentralisation, reduction in government expenditure and public debt, tariff and agricultural marketing reforms, and rural credits (a form of government subsidy for primary producers).Template:Sfn He also supported placing the Commonwealth Bank under an independent board, tasked with supporting national development projects.Template:Sfn His speech was critical of Hughes, alleging broken promises and describing the prime minister as having "total disregard of the financial position of the country".Template:Sfn

Results

House of Representatives

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File:Australian House of Representatives, 1922.svg
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  Labor: 29 seats
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Nationalist: 26 seats
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Country: 14 seats
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Independent: 1 seat
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Liberal: 5 seats
House of Reps (IRV) – 1922–25—Turnout 59.36% (Non-CV) – Informal 4.51%
File:1922 Australian House.svg
Party Votes % Swing Seats Change
Template:Australian party style|   Labor 665,145 42.30 −0.19 30Template:Efn Increase 4
Template:Australian party style|   Nationalist 553,920 35.23 −9.85 26 Decrease 11
Template:Australian party style|   Country 197,513 12.56 +3.30 14 Increase 3
Template:Australian party style|   Liberal Union 37,904 2.41 +2.41 3 Increase 3
Template:Australian party style|   Liberal 32,167 2.04 +2.04 2 Increase 2
Template:Australian party style|   Constitutionalist 11,812 0.75 +0.75 0 Steady
Template:Australian party style|   Majority Labor 10,303 0.66 +0.66 0 Steady
Template:Australian party style|   Industrial Labor 4,331 0.28 +0.09 0 Steady
Template:Australian party style|   Protestant Labor 3,631 0.23 +0.23 0 Steady
Template:Australian party style|   NT Representation League 362 0.02 +0.02 0 Steady
Template:Australian party style|   Independents 51,538 3.28 +1.86 1 Steady
  Total 1,572,514     76 Increase 1
Two-party-preferred <templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>(estimated)
Template:Australian party style|   Nationalist Win 51.20 −2.90 40 +3
Template:Australian party style|   Labor 48.80 +2.90 29 0

Notes

  • Independents: William Watson (Fremantle, WA)
  • Five members were elected unopposed – one Labor, two Nationalist, one Country, and one Liberal.
Popular vote
Labor
42.30%
Nationalist
35.23%
Country
12.56%
Liberal
4.70%
Independent/Others
5.22%
Two-party-preferred vote
Coalition
51.20%
Labor
48.80%
Parliament seats
Coalition
53.33%
Labor
38.67%
Liberal
6.67%
Independent
1.33%

Senate

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Senate (P BV) – 1922–1925—Turnout 57.99% (Non-CV) – Informal 9.44%
File:1922 Australian Senate.svg
Party Votes % Swing Seats won Seats held Change
Template:Australian party style |   Labor 715,219 45.70 +2.86 11 12 +11
Template:Australian party style |   Nationalist 567,084 36.23 −10.16 8 24 −11
Template:Australian party style |   Country 203,267 12.99 +4.20 0 0 0
Template:Australian party style|   Liberal Union 43,706 2.79 +2.79 0 0 0
Template:Australian party style|   Socialist Labor 8,551 0.55 +0.55 0 0 0
Template:Australian party style|   Majority Labor 3,813 0.24 +0.24 0 0 0
Template:Australian party style |   Independents 23,447 1.50 +0.08 0 0 0
  Total 1,565,087     19 36

Seats changing hands

Seat Pre-1922 Swing Post-1922
Party Member Margin Margin Member Party
Adelaide, SA Template:Australian party style Nationalist Reginald Blundell 0.8 8.0 3.6 George Edwin Yates Labor Template:Australian party style
Balaclava, Vic Template:Australian party style Nationalist William Watt N/A 100.0 100.0 William Watt Liberal Template:Australian party style
Barker, SA Template:Australian party style Nationalist John Livingston N/A N/A 2.3 Malcolm Cameron Liberal Union Template:Australian party style
Barton, NSW Template:Australian party style Nationalist notional – new seat N/A 13.8 7.6 Frederick McDonald Labor Template:Australian party style
Boothby, SA Template:Australian party style Nationalist William Story N/A N/A 4.7 Jack Duncan-Hughes Liberal Union Template:Australian party style
Calare, NSW Template:Australian party style Labor Thomas Lavelle 2.3 8.5 5.3 Neville Howse Nationalist Template:Australian party style
Darwin, Tas Template:Australian party style Nationalist George Bell 4.0 N/A 0.4 Joshua Whitsitt Country Template:Australian party style
Denison, Tas Template:Australian party style Nationalist William Laird Smith 3.9 4.3 0.4 David O'Keefe Labor Template:Australian party style
Fremantle, WA Template:Australian party style Nationalist Reginald Burchell N/A 56.9 6.9 William Watson Independent Template:Australian party style
Gippsland, Vic Template:Australian party style Nationalist George Wise 5.2 18.1 12.9 Thomas Paterson Country Template:Australian party style
Grey, SA Template:Australian party style Nationalist Alexander Poynton 1.8 5.5 3.7 Andrew Lacey Labor Template:Australian party style
Henty, Vic Template:Australian party style Independent Frederick Francis 2.9 8.7 5.8 Frederick Francis Nationalist Template:Australian party style
Kalgoorlie, WA Template:Australian party style Nationalist George Foley 1.4 7.1 7.4 Albert Green Labor Template:Australian party style
Kooyong, Vic Template:Australian party style Nationalist Robert Best 14.3 14.9 0.6 John Latham Liberal Template:Australian party style
Macquarie, NSW Template:Australian party style Labor Samuel Nicholls 3.2 0.6 0.2 Arthur Manning Nationalist Template:Australian party style
New England, NSW Template:Australian party style Nationalist Alexander Hay* 7.3 N/A 8.5 Victor Thompson Country Template:Australian party style
Northern Territory, NT new division 0.4 H. G. Nelson Labor Template:Australian party style
Richmond, NSW Template:Australian party style Nationalist Walter Massy-Greene 22.5 24.0 3.3 Roland Green Country Template:Australian party style
Riverina, NSW Template:Australian party style Nationalist John Chanter N/A 54.3 4.3 William Killen Country Template:Australian party style
Wakefield, SA Template:Australian party style Nationalist Richard Foster N/A N/A 5.3 Richard Foster Liberal Union Template:Australian party style
Wannon, Vic Template:Australian party style Nationalist Arthur Rodgers 4.1 4.9 0.8 John McNeill Labor Template:Australian party style
Wilmot, Tas Template:Australian party style Nationalist Llewellyn Atkinson 10.2 N/A 11.2 Llewellyn Atkinson Country Template:Australian party style
  • Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.
  • *Alexander Hay contested his seat as an independent

Post-election pendulum

Government seats
Nationalist/Country coalition
Marginal
Macquarie (NSW) Neville Howse NAT 00.2
Darwin (Tas) Joshua Whitsitt CP 00.4 v NAT
Corio (Vic) John Lister NAT 00.8
Bendigo (Vic) Geoffry Hurry NAT 01.7
Herbert (Qld) Fred Bamford NAT 01.7
Brisbane (Qld) Donald Cameron NAT 02.0
Richmond (NSW) Roland Green CP 03.3
Oxley (Qld) James Bayley NAT 03.3
Bass (Tas) Syd Jackson NAT 03.6
Corangamite (Vic) William Gibson CP 03.9
Riverina (NSW) William Killen CP 04.3
Lang (NSW) Elliot Johnson NAT 04.4
Maranoa (Qld) James Hunter CP 04.4
Calare (NSW) Neville Howse NAT 05.3
Flinders (Vic) Stanley Bruce NAT 05.6 v LIB
Henty (Vic) Frederick Francis NAT 05.8 v NAT
Fairly safe
Franklin (Tas) Alfred Seabrook NAT 06.3
Fawkner (Vic) George Maxwell NAT 08.0
North Sydney (NSW) Billy Hughes NAT 08.2 v Const.
New England (NSW) Victor Thompson CP 08.5
Darling Downs (Qld) Littleton Groom NAT 08.6
Perth (WA) Edward Mann NAT 08.9
Moreton (Qld) Josiah Francis NAT 09.5
Safe
Wide Bay (Qld) Edward Corser NAT 10.5
Eden-Monaro (NSW) Austin Chapman NAT 11.1
Wilmot (Tas) Llewellyn Atkinson CP 11.2
Robertson (NSW) Sydney Gardner NAT 11.8
Parkes (NSW) Charles Marr NAT 11.8
Wentworth (NSW) Walter Marks NAT 11.9
Gippsland (Vic) Thomas Paterson CP 12.9 v NAT
Indi (Vic) Robert Cook CP 13.2
Lilley (Qld) George Mackay NAT 15.2 v IND
Parramatta (NSW) Eric Bowden NAT 15.4
Cowper (NSW) Earle Page CP 17.3 v NAT
Very safe
Echuca (Vic) William Hill CP 20.3 v NAT
Wimmera (Vic) Percy Stewart CP 21.2 v IND
Forrest (WA) John Prowse CP 29.5 v NAT
Martin (NSW) Herbert Pratten NAT unopposed
Swan (WA) Henry Gregory CP unopposed
Warringah (NSW) Granville Ryrie NAT unopposed
Non-government seats
Australian Labor Party and Liberal Party
Marginal
Gwydir (NSW) Lou Cunningham ALP 00.1 v CP
Northern Territory (NT) H. G. Nelson ALP 00.4 v IND
Denison (Tas) David O'Keefe ALP 00.4
Kooyong (Vic) John Latham LIB 00.6 v NAT
Wannon (Vic) John McNeill ALP 00.8
Ballaarat (Vic) Charles McGrath ALP 01.7
Barker (SA) Malcolm Cameron LIB 02.3 v ALP
Capricornia (Qld) Frank Forde ALP 02.5
Batman (Vic) Frank Brennan ALP 03.3
Adelaide (SA) George Edwin Yates ALP 03.6 v LIB
Grey (SA) Andrew Lacey ALP 03.7
Werriwa (NSW) Bert Lazzarini ALP 03.9
Boothby (SA) Jack Duncan-Hughes LIB 04.7 v ALP
Hume (NSW) Parker Moloney ALP 04.9
Wakefield (SA) Richard Foster LIB 05.3 v ALP
Fairly safe
Kalgoorlie (WA) Albert Green ALP 07.4
Barton (NSW) Frederick McDonald ALP 07.6
Angas (SA) Moses Gabb ALP 08.0 v LIB
Reid (NSW) Percy Coleman ALP 08.6
East Sydney (NSW) John West ALP 09.1
Safe
Kennedy (Qld) Charles McDonald ALP 11.6
South Sydney (NSW) Edward Riley ALP 11.7
Maribyrnong (Vic) James Fenton ALP 13.2
Darling (NSW) Arthur Blakeley ALP 15.1
Hindmarsh (SA) Norman Makin ALP 18.6
Newcastle (NSW) David Watkins ALP 19.4
Very safe
Bourke (Vic) Frank Anstey ALP 20.1
Dalley (NSW) William Mahony ALP 20.9
Melbourne Ports (Vic) James Mathews ALP 23.1
Cook (NSW) Edward Charles Riley ALP 24.9
West Sydney (NSW) William Lambert ALP 25.4 v IND
Melbourne (Vic) William Maloney ALP 27.2
Yarra (Vic) James Scullin ALP 28.0
Balaclava (Vic) William Watt LIB unopposed
Hunter (NSW) Matthew Charlton ALP unopposed
Independents
Fremantle (WA) William Watson IND 06.9 v ALP

See also

Notes

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References

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External links

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