112th United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox United States Congress

File:112th U.S. Congress House Member Pin.png
House of Representatives member pin for the 112th U.S. Congress

The 112th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2011, until January 3, 2013. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2011, and ended on January 3, 2013, 17 days before the end of the presidential term to which Barack Obama was elected in 2008. Senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress. This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from congressional districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census.[1][2]

In the 2010 midterm elections, the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives. While the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress.[3]

This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress (2001–2003). It was also the first Congress since the 36th Congress (1859–1861) in which the Republican Party held the House but not the Senate. In this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members, 242, since the 80th Congress (1947–1949).[4] This was the only Congress between the 79th (1945–1947) and the 117th (2021–2023) that did not include a member of the Kennedy family.

As of 2022, this is the most recent Congress in which Democrats held a Senate seat in Nebraska or a House seat in Arkansas, the last in which Republicans held both Senate seats in Maine, and the last in which Democrats did not hold all seats in Connecticut.

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Major events

File:2011 State of the Union.jpg
President Obama delivered the 2011 State of the Union Address on January 25, 2011
File:Barack Obama with Gabrielle Giffords at the 2012 State of the Union 01-24-12.jpg
After delivering the 2012 State of the Union Address on January 24, 2012, President Obama embraces Representative Gabby Giffords, who had been shot the previous year.

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Potential government shutdown

Template:Sister project A failure to pass a 2011 federal budget nearly led to a shutdown of non-essential government services on April 9, 2011, with the furlough of 800,000 government employees appearing imminent.[9] President Obama met Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and House Speaker John Boehner in the days preceding the deadline but was unable to come to an agreement to pass a budget.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". A one-week budget was proposed to avoid a government shutdown and allow more time for negotiations; however, proposals from both parties could not be accommodated.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Obama said he would veto a proposed Republican budget over Republican social spending cuts.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". This was also backed by Senate Democrats who objected to such cuts as that of Planned Parenthood.[10][11][12] However, an agreement was reached between the two parties for a one-week budget to allow for more time to negotiate after Republicans dropped their stance on the Planned Parenthood issue.[11] The two parties ultimately agreed on a 2011 federal budget the following week.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

There were many reactions to the possible shutdown with some saying the economy could be hurt during a fragile recovery[13] and others saying the lack of an unnecessary bureaucracy would not be noticed.[14] There was also criticism that while senators and representatives would continue to get paid others such as the police and military personnel would either not be paid for their work or have their payments deferred.[15]

Debt limit crisis

File:President Obama & John Boehner debt ceiling negotiations.jpg
Speaker Boehner meeting with President Obama at the White House during the 2011 debt ceiling crisis

Template:Sister project Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". On August 2, 2011, the United States public debt was projected to reach its statutory maximum. Without an increase in that limit the U.S. Treasury would be unable to borrow money to pay its bills. Although previous statutory increases have been routine, conservative members of the House refused to allow an increase without drastically reducing government spending. Over several weeks and months, negotiators from both parties, both houses, and the White House worked to forge a compromise. The compromise bill, the Budget Control Act of 2011, was enacted on August 2.

Major legislation

Enacted

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Proposed

See also: Active Legislation, 112th Congress, via senate.gov

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section, below.

Senate

File:112USSenateStructure.svg
Final Senate Membership
     51 Democrats
     47 Republicans

     2 Independents, caucusing with Democrats
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Party
(shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total Vacant
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic Independent
(caucusing with
Democrats) 		Republican
End of previous Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 56 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 2 42 100 0
Begin rowspan=3 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 51 rowspan=7 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 2 47 100 0
May 3, 2011 46 99 1
May 9, 2011 47 100 0
December 17, 2012 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 50 99 1
December 26, 2012 rowspan=3 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 51 100 0
January 1, 2013 46 99 1
January 2, 2013 47 100 0
Final voting share colspan=2 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Beginning of the next Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 53 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 2 45 100 0

House of Representatives

File:112thHouseofReps.svg
Final House Membership
     191 Democrats
     240 Republicans

     4 Vacant
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Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total Vacant
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic Republican
End of previous Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 255 179 434 1
Begin 193 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 242 435 0
February 9, 2011 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" rowspan=2 | 241 434 1
February 28, 2011 192 433 2
May 9, 2011 rowspan=5 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 240 432 3
May 24, 2011 193 433 2
June 21, 2011 192 432 3
July 12, 2011 193 433 2
August 3, 2011 192 432 3
September 13, 2011 rowspan=6 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 242 434 1
January 25, 2012 191 433 2
January 31, 2012 192 434 1
March 6, 2012 191 433 2
March 20, 2012 190 432 3
June 12, 2012 191 433 2
July 7, 2012 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| 241 432 3
July 31, 2012 rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 240 431 4
August 15, 2012 190 430 5
November 13, 2012 192 rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 241 433 2
November 15, 2012 193 434 1
November 21, 2012 192 433 2
December 3, 2012 191 432 3
January 2, 2013 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 240 431 4
Final voting share Script error: No such module "Percentage". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Non-voting members 6 0 6 0
Beginning of next Congress 200 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 233 433 2

Leadership

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Senate

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Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

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Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

For the first time in the history of Congress, over half its members were millionaires as of 2012; Democrats had a median net worth of $1.04 million, while the Republicans median was "almost exactly" $1.00 million.[21][22] In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2012; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2014; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2016.

Senate

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House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

Senate

Template:Ordinal US Congress change |- | Nevada
(1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Ensign
(R) | Resigned May 3, 2011, due to an Ethics Committee investigation.[27]
Successor appointed April 27, 2011 and later elected for a full six-year term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dean Heller
(R)[28] | May 9, 2011[29]

|- | Hawaii
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Daniel Inouye
(D) | Died December 17, 2012 [30]
Successor appointed December 26, 2012, to serve until a special election was held to finish the term ending January 3, 2017. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Brian Schatz
(D) | December 27, 2012

|- | South Carolina
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jim DeMint
(R) | Resigned January 1, 2013, to run The Heritage Foundation[31]
Successor appointed January 2, 2013, to serve until a special election was held to finish the term ending January 3, 2017. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Tim Scott
(R) | January 2, 2013[32] |}

House of Representatives

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Template:Ordinal US Congress change |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Christopher Lee
(R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 9, 2011, due to a personal scandal.[33]
A special election was held May 24, 2011.[34] | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Kathy Hochul
(D) | June 1, 2011

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jane Harman
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 28, 2011, to become the head of the Woodrow Wilson Center.[35]
A special election was held July 12, 2011.[36] | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Janice Hahn
(D) | July 19, 2011 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dean Heller
(R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 9, 2011, when appointed to the Senate.[28]
A special election was held September 13, 2011.[37] | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Mark Amodei
(R) | September 15, 2011 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Anthony Weiner
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 21, 2011, due to a personal scandal.[38]
A special election was held September 13, 2011.[39] | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Bob Turner
(R) | September 15, 2011

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David Wu
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 3, 2011, due to a personal scandal.
A special election was held January 31, 2012.[40] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Suzanne Bonamici
(D) | February 7, 2012

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gabby Giffords
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 25, 2012, to focus on recovery from 2011 Tucson shooting.[41]
A special election was held June 12, 2012.[42] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ron Barber
(D) | June 19, 2012

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Donald M. Payne
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 6, 2012.[43]
A special election was held November 6, 2012.[44] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Donald Payne Jr.
(D) | November 15, 2012[24]

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jay Inslee
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 20, 2012, to focus on gubernatorial campaign.[45]
A special election was held November 6, 2012.[46] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Suzan DelBene
(D) | November 13, 2012[23]

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thaddeus McCotter
(R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 6, 2012, for personal reasons.[47]
A special election was held November 6, 2012.[48] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David Curson
(D) | November 13, 2012[23]

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Geoff Davis
(R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 31, 2012, for personal reasons.[49]
A special election was held November 6, 2012.[50] | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas Massie
(R) | November 13, 2012[23]

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dennis Cardoza
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 15, 2012, for personal reasons.[51] | colspan=2 rowspan=4| Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jesse Jackson Jr.
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 21, 2012, due to a personal scandal. |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Bob Filner
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 3, 2012, to become mayor of San Diego. |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Tim Scott
(R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 2, 2013, when appointed to the United States Senate.[25] |}

Committees

[ Section contents: Senate, House, Joint ]

Senate

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Committee Chairman Ranking Member
Aging (special) Herb Kohl (D-WI) Bob Corker (R-TN)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) Pat Roberts (R-KS)
Appropriations Daniel Inouye (D-HI) Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Armed Services Carl Levin (D-MI) John McCain (R-AZ)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Tim Johnson (D-SD) Richard Shelby (R-AL)
Budget Kent Conrad (D-ND) Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
Commerce, Science and Transportation Jay Rockefeller (D-WV) Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX)
Energy and Natural Resources Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Environment and Public Works Barbara Boxer (D-CA) Jim Inhofe (R-OK)
Ethics (select) Barbara Boxer (D-CA) Johnny Isakson (R-GA)
Finance Max Baucus (D-MT) Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Foreign Relations John Kerry (D-MA) Richard Lugar (R-IN)
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Tom Harkin (D-IA) Mike Enzi (R-WY)
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Joe Lieberman (I-CT) Susan Collins (R-ME)
Indian Affairs Daniel Akaka (D-HI) John Barrasso (R-WY)
Intelligence (select) Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) Saxby Chambliss (R-GA)
Judiciary Patrick Leahy (D-VT) Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Rules and Administration Chuck Schumer (D-NY) Lamar Alexander (R-TN)
Small Business and Entrepreneurship Mary Landrieu (D-LA) Olympia Snowe (R-ME)
Veterans' Affairs Patty Murray (D-WA) Richard Burr (R-NC)

House of Representatives

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Committee Chairman Ranking Member
Agriculture Frank Lucas (R-OK) Collin Peterson (D-MN)
Appropriations Harold Rogers (R-KY) Nita Lowey (D-NY)
Armed Services Buck McKeon (R-CA) Adam Smith (D-WA)
Budget Paul Ryan (R-WI) Chris Van Hollen (D-MD)
Education and the Workforce John Kline (R-MN) George Miller (D-CA)
Energy and Commerce Fred Upton (R-MI) Henry Waxman (D-CA)
Ethics Jo Bonner (R-AL) Linda Sánchez (D-CA)
Financial Services Spencer Bachus (R-AL) Barney Frank (D-MA)
Foreign Affairs Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) Howard Berman (D-CA)
Homeland Security Peter King (R-NY) Bennie Thompson (D-MS)
House Administration Dan Lungren (R-CA) Robert Brady (D-PA)
Judiciary Lamar Smith (R-TX) John Conyers (D-MI)
Natural Resources Doc Hastings (R-WA) Ed Markey (D-MA)
Oversight and Government Reform Darrell Issa (R-CA) Elijah Cummings (D-MD)
Rules David Dreier (R-CA) Louise Slaughter (D-NY)
Science, Space & Technology Ralph Hall (R-TX) Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX)
Small Business Sam Graves (R-MO) Nydia Velázquez (D-NY)
Transportation and Infrastructure John Mica (R-FL) Nick Rahall (D-WV)
Veterans' Affairs Jeff Miller (R-FL) Bob Filner (D-CA)
Ways and Means Dave Camp (R-MI) Sander Levin (D-MI)
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Mike Rogers (R-MI) Dutch Ruppersberger (D-MD)

Joint appointments

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Caucuses

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Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Elections

Membership lists

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  1. ↑ Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF)
  2. ↑ Senate Calendar for January 20, 2012.
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b 2012 Congressional Record, Vol. 158, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". H7467 (December 30, 2012)
  26. ↑ Access Denied. NationalJournal.com. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Heller in transition: One foot in House, one foot in Senate | Las Vegas Review-Journal. Lvrj.com (May 3, 2011). Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Scott's appointment took effect January 2, 2013, upon his resignation from the House of Representatives; he took the oath of office on January 3, 2013.[1]
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/sres/Template:Replace sres Template:Replace, 112th Congress
  53. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/hres/Template:Replace hres Template:Replace, Electing officers of the House of Representatives, 112th Congress
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Matthew A. Wasniewski (Matt) - Congressional Staffer Salary Data. Legistorm.com. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
  56. ↑ Sergeant at Arms-United States House of Representatives
  57. ↑ See: Rules of the House: "Other officers and officials" Template:Webarchive

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Further reading

External links

Template:USCongresses

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