111th United States Congress

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File:111th Congress House Member Pin.png
House of Representatives member pin for the 111th U.S. Congress
View of a large portion of a large ceremony with visible red, white and blue ornamentation and a crowd of attendees
Inauguration of Barack Obama at the U.S. Capitol, January 20, 2009.
File:Barack Obama signs Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 1-29-09.jpg
President Obama signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 into law, January 29, 2009.
File:Sonia Sotomayor on first day of confirmation hearings.jpg
Sonia Sotomayor testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee on her appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court, July 13, 2009.
File:Joint blog close PS-0774.jpg
President Obama addressing Congress regarding health care reform, September 9, 2009.
File:9.12 tea party in DC.jpg
Tea Party protests in front of the U.S. Capitol, September 12, 2009.
File:2010 State of the Union.jpg
President Obama delivering the 2010 State of the Union Address, January 25, 2010.
File:Obama signing health care-20100323.jpg
President Obama signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law, March 23, 2010.
File:Kagan is sworn before Senate Judiciary Committee.jpg
Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy swearing in Elena Kagan during her first day of testimony on her appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court, June 28, 2010
File:Eric Cantor and Barack Obama shake hands.jpg
Congressional leaders meeting with President Obama, November 30, 2010.
File:Obama signs Zadroga Act.jpg
President Obama signing the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 into law, January 2, 2011.

The 111th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government from January 3, 2009, until January 3, 2011. It began during the last weeks of the George W. Bush administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census.[1][2][3]

In the November 2008 elections, the Democratic Party increased its majorities in both chambers (including – when factoring in the two Democratic caucusing independents – a brief filibuster-proof 60-40 supermajority in the Senate), and with Barack Obama being sworn in as president on January 20, 2009, this gave Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 103rd Congress in 1993.

However, the Senate supermajority only lasted for a period of 72 working days while the Senate was actually in session. A new delegate seat was created for the Northern Mariana Islands.[4] The 111th Congress had the most long-serving members in history: at the start of the 111th Congress, the average member of the House had served 10.3 years, while the average Senator had served 13.4 years.[5] The Democratic Party would not simultaneously control both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate again until more than a decade later, during the 117th Congress.

The 111th Congress was the most productive congress since the 89th Congress.[6] It enacted numerous significant pieces of legislation, including the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the New START treaty.

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Major events

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Major legislation

Enacted

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Health care reform

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". At the encouragement of the Obama administration, Congress devoted significant time considering health care reform. In March 2010, Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law, the first comprehensive health care reform legislation in decades, along with further amendments in the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. Other major reform proposals during the health care debate included:

Proposed

Proposed bills include (in alphabetical order):Template:Efn

Vetoed

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Treaties ratified

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Major nomination hearings

Impeachments

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Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section, below.

Senate

File:111th US Senate class photo.jpg
The United States Senate (in 2010)
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic Independent
(caucusing with
Democrats) 		Republican Vacant
End of previous Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 2 49 99 1
Begin style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 55 rowspan=14 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 2 41 98 2
January 15, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 56 99 1
January 20, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 55 98 2
January 26, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 56 99 1
April 30, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 57 40
July 7, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 58 100 0
August 25, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" rowspan=3 | 57 99 1
September 9, 2009 39 98 2
September 10, 2009 40 99 1
September 25, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 58 100 0
February 4, 2010 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 57 41
June 28, 2010 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 56 99 1
July 16, 2010 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 57 100 0
November 29, 2010 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 56 42
Final voting share colspan=2 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 58% 42%
Beginning of the next Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 51 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 2 47 100 0

House of Representatives

File:111thUSHouse.svg
Final House Membership
     255 Democrats
     179 Republicans

     1 Vacant
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Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic Republican Vacant
End of previous Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 235 198 433 2
Begin style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 256 178 434 1
January 26, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 255 433 2
February 24, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 254 432 3
March 31, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 255 433 2
April 7, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 256 434 1
June 26, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 255 433 2
July 14, 2009 rowspan=2 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 256 434 1
September 21, 2009 177 433 2
November 3, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 258 435 0
December 22, 2009 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 257 178
January 3, 2010 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 256 434 1
February 8, 2010 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 255 433 2
February 28, 2010 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 254 432 3
March 8, 2010 rowspan=2 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 253 431 4
March 21, 2010 177 430 5
April 13, 2010 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 254 431 4
May 18, 2010 rowspan=6 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 255 432 3
May 21, 2010 176 431 4
May 22, 2010 177 432 3
June 8, 2010 178 433 2
November 2, 2010 180 435 0
November 29, 2010 179 434 1
Final voting share style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 58.8% 41.2%
Non-voting members style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 6 0 6 0
Beginning of next Congress 193 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 242 435 0

Leadership

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Senate

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Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

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Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Members

Senate

In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2010; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2012; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2014.

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House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

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Senate

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File:Senator Byrd funeral service.jpg
Funeral service for Senator Robert Byrd, who died June 28, 2010. He was the longest-serving senator.[37][38]

Four of the changes are associated with the 2008 presidential election and appointments to the Obama Administration, one senator changed parties, one election was disputed, two senators died, one senator resigned, and three appointed senators served only until special elections were held during this Congress. Template:Ordinal US Congress change |-

|- | Minnesota
(2) | Disputed | style="font-size:80%" | Incumbent Norm Coleman (R) challenged the election of Al Franken (D). The results were disputed, and the seat remained vacant at the beginning of the Congress.
Following recounts and litigation, successor elected June 30, 2009. | Template:Party shading/DFL nowrap | Al Franken
(DFL) | July 7, 2009[39] |- | Illinois
(3) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Barack Obama (D) resigned near the end of the previous Congress, after being elected President of the United States.[40]
Successor appointed December 31, 2008, during the last Congress, but due to a credentials challenge, his credentials were not deemed "in order" until January 12, and he was not sworn in to fill his seat until 12 days after the initiation of this Congress.[41] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Roland Burris[42]
(D) | January 12, 2009[41] |- | Delaware
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Joe Biden
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 15, 2009, to assume the position of Vice President.[43]
Successor appointed January 15, 2009, to finish the term. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Ted Kaufman[44]
(D) | January 16, 2009[45] |- | Colorado
(3) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Ken Salazar
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 20, 2009, to become Secretary of the Interior.
Successor appointed on January 21, 2009, and later elected for a full six-year term. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Michael Bennet[46]
(D) | January 21, 2009[47] |- | New York
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Hillary Clinton
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 21, 2009, to become Secretary of State.
Successor appointed on January 26, 2009, and later elected to finish the term. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Kirsten Gillibrand[48]
(D) | January 26, 2009 |- | Pennsylvania
(3) | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Arlen Specter
(R) | style="font-size:80%" | Changed party affiliation April 30, 2009.[30] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Arlen Specter
(D) | April 30, 2009 |- | Massachusetts
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Ted Kennedy
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died August 25, 2009.
Successor appointed September 23, 2009, to finish the term.[49]Hulse]]-2009-09-23-50|[50][51] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Paul G. Kirk
(D) | September 25, 2009 |- | Florida
(3) | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Mel Martinez
(R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 9, 2009, for personal reasons.[52]
Successor appointed September 9, 2009, to finish the term. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | George LeMieux
(R) | September 10, 2009[53][54] |- | Massachusetts
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Paul G. Kirk
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Appointment ended February 4, 2010.[55]
Successor elected in the special election for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2013. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Scott Brown
(R)[56] | February 4, 2010 |- | West Virginia
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Robert Byrd
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 28, 2010.[57]
Successor appointed July 16, 2010, to finish the term.[58] | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Carte Goodwin
(D)[31] | July 16, 2010[59] |- | Delaware
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Ted Kaufman
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | The appointment lasted only until the November 2010 special election, in which he was not a candidate.[60]
Successor elected in the special election for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2015. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Chris Coons
(D) | November 15, 2010[61][62] |- | West Virginia
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Carte Goodwin
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | The appointment lasted only until the November 2010 special election, in which he was not a candidate.
Successor elected in the special election for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2013. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Joe Manchin
(D) | November 15, 2010[61][62] |- | Illinois
(3) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Roland Burris
(D) | style="font-size:80%" | The appointment lasted only until the November 2010 special election, in which he was not a candidate.
Successor elected to finish the final weeks of the Congress, and a full six-year term. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Mark Kirk
(R) | November 29, 2010[61][62] |}

House of Representatives

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|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rahm Emanuel (D) resigned near the end of the previous Congress after being named White House Chief of Staff.
A special election was held April 7, 2009 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Mike Quigley (D) | April 7, 2009

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Kirsten Gillibrand (D) | Resigned January 26, 2009, when appointed to the Senate. A special election was held March 31, 2009. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Scott Murphy (D) | March 31, 2009

|- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Independent | Gregorio Sablan (I) | Changed party affiliation February 23, 2009.Template:Efn | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gregorio Sablan (D) | February 23, 2009

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Hilda Solis (D) | Resigned February 24, 2009, to become U.S. Secretary of Labor.
A special election was held July 14, 2009. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Judy Chu (D) | July 14, 2009

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ellen Tauscher (D) | Resigned June 26, 2009, to become U.S. Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security.
A special election was held November 3, 2009. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Garamendi (D)[63] | November 3, 2009[64]

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John M. McHugh (R) | Resigned September 21, 2009, to become U.S. Secretary of the Army.[65]
A special election was held November 3, 2009. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Bill Owens (D)[66] | November 3, 2009

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Parker Griffith (D) | Changed party affiliation December 22, 2009.[67] | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Parker Griffith (R) | December 22, 2009

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert Wexler (D) | Resigned January 3, 2010, to become president of the Center for Middle East Peace & Economic Cooperation.[68]
A special election was held April 13, 2010. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| Ted Deutch (D) | April 13, 2010

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Murtha (D) | Died February 8, 2010. A special election was held May 18, 2010. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| Mark Critz (D) | May 18, 2010

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Neil Abercrombie (D) | Resigned February 28, 2010,[69] to focus on run for Governor of Hawaii. A special election was held May 22, 2010. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| Charles Djou (R) | May 22, 2010

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Eric Massa (D) | Resigned March 8, 2010,[70] due to a recurrence of his cancer, as well as an ethics investigation.
A special election was held contemporaneously with the general election on November 2, 2010. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| Tom Reed (R) | November 2, 2010[62][71]

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nathan Deal (R) | Resigned March 21, 2010, to focus on run for Governor of Georgia.
A special election runoff was held June 8, 2010. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| Tom Graves (R) | June 8, 2010

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Mark Souder (R) | Resigned May 21, 2010, after an affair with a staff member was revealed.[72]
A special election was held contemporaneously with the general election on November 2, 2010.[73] | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| Marlin Stutzman (R) | November 2, 2010[62]

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Mark Kirk (R) | Resigned November 29, 2010, after being elected U.S. Senator. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|}

Committees

Template:List of Congressional Committees instructions

Senate

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Committee Chairman Ranking Member
Aging (special) Herb Kohl (D-WI) Bob Corker (R-TN)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Blanche Lincoln (D-AR) Saxby Chambliss (R-GA)
Appropriations Daniel Inouye (D-HI) Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Armed Services Carl Levin (D-MI) John McCain (R-AZ)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Chris Dodd (D-CT) Richard Shelby (R-AL)
Budget Kent Conrad (D-ND) Judd Gregg (R-NH)
Commerce, Science and Transportation Jay Rockefeller (D-WV) Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX)
Energy and Natural Resources Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Environment and Public Works Barbara Boxer (D-CA) Jim Inhofe (R-OK)
Ethics (select) Barbara Boxer (D-CA) Johnny Isakson (R-GA)
Finance Max Baucus (D-MT) Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Foreign Relations John Kerry (D-MA) Richard Lugar (R-IN)
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Tom Harkin (D-IA) Mike Enzi (R-WY)
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Joe Lieberman (I-CT) Susan Collins (R-ME)
Indian Affairs Byron Dorgan (D-ND) John Barrasso (R-WY)
Intelligence (select) Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) Kit Bond (R-MO)
Judiciary Patrick Leahy (D-VT) Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
Rules and Administration Chuck Schumer (D-NY) Bob Bennett (R-UT)
Small Business and Entrepreneurship Mary Landrieu (D-LA) Olympia Snowe (R-ME)
Veterans' Affairs Daniel Akaka (D-HI) Richard Burr (R-NC)

House of Representatives

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Joint committees

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Caucuses

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Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

Employees include:Template:Efn

See also

Elections

Membership lists

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/hconres/Template:Replace hconres Template:Replace
  2. ↑ Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF)
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/hconres/Template:Replace hconres Template:Replace
  4. ↑ Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF)
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ See Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF). Section 1 sets the beginning of the first session of the 111th Congress. Section 2 sets the date for counting Electoral College votes.
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Archived by WebCite at )
  14. ↑ 2009 Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". H7064 (June 19, 2009)
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ 2009 Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". S7055 (June 25, 2009)
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Archived by WebCite at )
  18. ↑ 2009 Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". S7833 (July 22, 2009)
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ 2010 Congressional Record, Vol. 156, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". H1335 (March 11, 2010)
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ 2010 Congressional Record, Vol. 156, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". S8609 (December 8, 2010)
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ The Democratic Senate Majority Leader also serves as the Chairman of the Democratic Conference.
  25. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Burris was appointed on December 31, 2008, during the 110th United States Congress. However, he was not allowed to take the oath until January 15, 2009, due to the controversy surrounding Gov. Rod Blagojevich, who appointed him.
  29. ↑ Al Franken was elected to the term beginning January 3, 2009, but did not take office until July 7, 2009, due to a recount and subsequent election challenge.
  30. ↑ a b Arlen Specter announced his switch from the Republican to the Democratic party on April 28, and it officially took effect on April 30. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Gregorio Sablan announced his switch from the Republican to the Democratic party on February 23, 2009. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Access Denied. NationalJournal.com. Retrieved on August 12, 2013.
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Seat remained vacant until a successor was appointed. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. Hulse]]-2009-09-23_50-0|↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ 2009 Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". S9147 (September 9, 2009)
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ 2009 Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". S9230 (September 10, 2009)
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Goodwin was appointed July 16, 2010. He was sworn in on July 20, 2010, but his service began on July 16.
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  61. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ a b c d e Abrams, Jim. "5 Election Winners to be Sworn in Early" The Boston Globe. The Associated Press, November 15, 2010.
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Josh Kraushaar. Abercrombie sets Feb. 28 date for resignation. January 4, 2010.
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "Ordinal".-congress/hres/Template:Replace Resolution (H.Res. 5) adopting the rules for the 111th Congress.
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Pelosi Names Daniel J. Strodel as Interim Chief Administrative Officer - WASHINGTON, July 15 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/. Prnewswire.com. Retrieved on August 12, 2013.
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ 2009 Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page Script error: No such module "String"./Script error: No such module "String". H24 (January 6, 2009)
  80. ↑ Committee on House Administration. Cha.house.gov. Retrieved on August 12, 2013.
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Notes

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External links

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