Foreign relations of the Netherlands: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:12, 7 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Politics series sidebarThe foreign policy of the Netherlands is based on four basic commitments: to the Atlantic cooperation, to European integration, to international development and to international law. While historically the Kingdom of the Netherlands was a neutral state, since 1945 it has become a member of NATO, the United Nations, the European Union and many other international organizations. The Dutch economy is very open and relies on international trade. During and after the 17th century—its Golden Age—the Dutch built up a commercial and colonial empire. It was a leading shipping and naval power and was often at war with England, its main rival. Its main colonial holding was Indonesia, which fought for and achieved independence after 1945. The historical ties inherited from its colonial past still influence the foreign relations of the Netherlands. Foreign trade policy is handled by the European Union. The Dutch have been active in international peacekeeping roles.

History

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File:Verwantschapslanden.png

Former colonial possessions of the Dutch Empire.

In the Dutch Golden Age, which had its zenith around 1667, there was a flowering of trade, industry, the arts and the sciences. A rich worldwide Dutch empire developed and the Dutch East India Company became one of the earliest and most important of national mercantile companies based on entrepreneurship and trade.

During the 18th century, the power and wealth of the Netherlands declined. A series of wars with the more powerful British and French neighbors weakened it. Britain seized the North American colony of New Amsterdam, turning it into New York. There was growing unrest and conflict between the Orangists and the Patriots. The French Revolution spilled over after 1789, and a pro-French Batavian Republic was established in 1795–1806. Napoleon made it a satellite state, the Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810), and later simply a French imperial province.

In 1815–1940 it was neutral and played a minor role in world diplomacy, apart from a failed effort to control the seceding Southern provinces that became Belgium before giving up in 1839.^[1]

Unlike most European countries, the Netherlands succeeded in remaining neutral throughout The Great War. This approach failed during the Second World War however and the kingdom quickly fell to an unprovoked German invasion in 1940 and would remain under Nazi occupation until being liberated by the allies in 1945. After the war, as a member of the allies, the Netherlands was included in the first class of U.N. members. During the Cold War like most Western European countries, the Dutch aligned with the United States against the Soviet Union, co-founding the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in 1949.^[2]^[3] The Dutch were also at the forefront of promoting European cooperation and integration during this time period; co-founding the European Coal and Steel Community and becoming one of the European Union's (EU) original members.^[4]

European integration

The Dutch have been strong advocates of European integration, and most aspects of their foreign, economic, and trade policies are coordinated through the European Union (EU). The Dutch postwar customs union with Belgium and Luxembourg (the Benelux group) paved the way for the formation of the European Community (precursor to the EU), of which the Netherlands was a founding member. Likewise, the Benelux abolition of internal border controls was a model for the wider Schengen Accord, which today has 29 European signatories (including the Netherlands) pledged to common visa policies and free movement of people across common borders.

The Dutch stood at the cradle of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty and have been the architects of the Treaty of Amsterdam concluded in 1998. The Dutch have thus played an important role in European political and monetary integration; indeed, until the year 2003, Dutchman Wim Duisenberg headed the European Central Bank. In addition, Dutch financial minister Gerrit Zalm was the main critic of the violation of the Stability and Growth Pact by France and Germany in 2004 and 2005.^[5]

Involvement in developing countries

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The Netherlands was the 9th-largest donor country in 2021, giving about $5 billion, about 0.5% of its gross national income (GNI), in official development assistance (ODA).^[6] The country contributes through multilateral channels, especially the United Nations Development Programme, the international financial institutions, and EU programs. A large portion of Dutch aid funds is also channeled through private ("co-financing") organizations that have almost total autonomy in choice of projects.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The Netherlands is a member of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which recently initiated economic reforms in central Europe. The Dutch strongly support the Middle East peace process and in 1998 earmarked $29 million in contributions to international donor-coordinated activities for the occupied territories and also for projects in which they worked directly with Palestinian authorities. These projects included improving environmental conditions and support for multilateral programs in cooperation with local non-governmental organizations. In 1998, the Dutch provided significant amounts of aid to the former Yugoslavia and Africa. The Dutch consistently provide significant amounts of humanitarian relief aid to the victims of the worst natural disasters, such as Hurricane Mitch in Central America in 1998, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami in South and Southeast Asia, Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and more recent catastrophes in Pakistan and Burma including Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013, and the 2015 Nepal earthquake.^[7]

Export assistance grants

"Developing countries aspiring to purchase foreign goods and services to invest in, inter alia, port facilities, roads, public transport, health care, or drinking water facilities may be eligible for a special Dutch grant facility. The grant facility, known as ORET (a Dutch acronym for Ontwikkelingsrelevante Exporttransacties, or Development-Related Export) serves to award grants to governments of developing countries for making payments to foreign suppliers."^[8]

International organizations

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As a relatively small country, the Netherlands generally pursues its foreign policy interests within the framework of multilateral organizations. The Netherlands is an active and responsible participant in the United Nations system as well as other multilateral organizations such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO),^[9] and International Monetary Fund.^[10]

The Netherlands is one of the founding members of what today is the European Union. It was one of the first countries to start European integration, through the Benelux in 1944 and the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952. Being a small country with a history of neutrality it was the host country for the important Maastricht Treaty and Amsterdam Treaty and is the seat of the International Court of Justice.^[11]

International issues

File:Nord Stream ceremony.jpeg

Nord Stream 1 opening ceremony on 8 November 2011 with Angela Merkel, Dmitry Medvedev, Mark Rutte and François Fillon.

The Dutch work with the U.S. and other countries on international programs against drug trafficking and organized crime. The Dutch-U.S. cooperation focuses on joint anti-drug operations in the Caribbean, including an agreement establishing Forward Operating Locations on the Dutch Kingdom islands of Curaçao and Aruba. The Netherlands is a signatory to international counter-narcotics agreements, a member of the United Nations International Drug Control Program, the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs, and is a contributor to international counter-narcotics.

From June 26 until December 22, 2006, two children, Ammar (12–13) and Sara (10–11), lived in the Dutch embassy in Damascus because of a child custody dispute between the Dutch mother, supported by Dutch law and the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, and the Syrian father, supported by Syrian law (Syria is no participant of this convention). The children had been living in Syria since 2004, after an alleged international child abduction by the father from the Netherlands to Syria, during a family contact in which he supposedly would visit Paris with them. The children fled to the embassy because they would like to live with their mother in the Netherlands. Minister of Foreign Affairs Ben Bot traveled to Damascus, negotiated and on December 22 the children finally could return to the Netherlands.

The father claims that the Dutch government has promised not to prosecute him for the abduction. However, a Dutch prosecutor claims that he is free to prosecute the father and may well do that and that the Dutch have only retracted the international request to arrest him outside the Netherlands.^[12]

Mark Rutte's government provided materials to the Levant Front rebel group in Syria.^[13] In September 2018, the Dutch public prosecution department declared the Levant Front to be a "criminal organisation of terrorist intent", describing it as a "salafist and jihadistic" group that "strives for the setting up of the caliphate".^[14]

In July 2019, the UN ambassadors from 22 nations, including the Netherlands, signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China's mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as its mistreatment of other minority groups, urging the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang internment camps.^[15]^[16]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which the Netherlands maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of the Netherlands.svg
#	Country	Date
1	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Template:DTS^[17]
2	Template:Country data Denmark	Template:Dts^[18]
3	Template:Country data Russia	Template:Dts^[19]
4	Template:Country data Sweden	Template:Dts^[20]^[21]
5	Template:Country data Portugal	Template:Dts^[22]
6	Template:Country data Spain	Template:Dts^[23]
7	Template:Country data France	Template:Dts^[24]
8	Template:Country data United States	Template:Dts^[25]
9	Template:Country data Switzerland	Template:Dts^[26]
10	Template:Country data Argentina	Template:DTS^[27]
11	Template:Country data Brazil	Template:DTS^[28]
12	Template:Country data Mexico	Template:Dts^[29]
13	Template:Country data Colombia	Template:DTS^[30]
—	Template:Country data Holy See	Template:Dts^[31]^[32]
14	Template:Country data Belgium	Template:Dts^[33]
15	Template:Country data Costa Rica	Template:Dts^[34]
16	Template:Country data Japan	Template:Date table sorting^[35]
17	Template:Country data Venezuela	Template:Dts^[36]
18	Template:Country data Guatemala	Template:Dts^[37]
19	Template:Country data Greece	Template:Dts^[38]
20	Template:Country data Dominican Republic	Template:Date table sorting^[39]
21	Template:Country data El Salvador	Template:Date table sorting^[40]
22	Template:Country data Italy	Template:Dts^[41]
23	Template:Country data Thailand	Template:Dts^[42]
24	Template:Country data Peru	Template:Dts^[43]
25	Template:Country data Chile	Template:Dts^[44]
26	Template:Country data Ecuador	Template:Dts^[45]
27	Template:Country data Romania	Template:Dts^[46]
28	Template:Country data Iran	Template:Dts^[47]
29	Template:Country data Luxembourg	Template:DTS^[48]
30	Template:Country data Uruguay	Template:Dts^[49]^[50]
31	Template:Country data Serbia	Template:Dts^[51]
32	Template:Country data Cuba	Template:Dts^[52]
33	Template:Country data Paraguay	Template:Date table sorting^[53]
34	Template:Country data Panama	Template:Dts^[54]
35	Template:Country data Norway	Template:Dts^[55]
36	Template:Country data Bulgaria	Template:Dts^[56]
37	Template:Country data Bolivia	Template:Dts^[57]
38	Template:Country data Haiti	Template:Dts^[58]
39	Template:Country data Finland	Template:Dts^[59]
40	Template:Country data Poland	Template:Dts^[60]
41	Template:Country data Czech Republic	Template:Dts^[61]
42	Template:Country data Austria	Template:Dts^[62]
43	Template:Country data Hungary	Template:Dts^[63]
44	Template:Country data Egypt	Template:Dts^[64]
45	Template:Country data Turkey	Template:Dts^[65]
46	Template:Country data South Africa	Template:Dts^[66]^[67]
47	Template:Country data Saudi Arabia	Template:Dts^[68]
48	Template:Country data Iraq	Template:Dts^[69]
49	Template:Country data Canada	Template:Dts^[70]
50	Template:Country data Australia	Template:Dts^[71]
51	Template:Country data Ireland	Template:Dts^[72]
52	Template:Country data Iceland	Template:Dts^[73]
53	Template:Country data Honduras	Template:Dts^[74]
54	Template:Country data India	Template:Dts^[75]
55	Template:Country data New Zealand	Template:Dts^[76]
56	Template:Country data Myanmar	Template:Date table sorting^[77]
57	Template:Country data Pakistan	Template:Date table sorting^[78]
58	Template:Country data Liberia	Template:Dts^[79]
59	Template:Country data Israel	Template:Dts^[80]
60	Template:Country data Indonesia	Template:Dts^[81]^[82]
61	Template:Country data Lebanon	Template:Dts^[79]
62	Template:Country data Ethiopia	Template:Dts^[79]
63	Template:Country data Germany	Template:Dts^[83]
64	Template:Country data Philippines	Template:Dts^[84]
65	Template:Country data Sri Lanka	Template:Dts^[85]
66	Template:Country data Jordan	Template:Dts^[86]
67	Template:Country data Syria	Template:Dts^[87]
68	Template:Country data China	Template:Dts^[88]^[89]
69	Template:Country data Libya	Template:Dts^[90]
—	Template:Country data Nicaragua (suspended)	Template:Dts^[91]
70	Template:Country data Sudan	Template:Dts^[92]
71	Template:Country data Afghanistan	Template:Dts^[93]
72	Template:Country data Morocco	Template:Dts^[94]
73	Template:Country data Malaysia	Template:Dts^[95]
74	Template:Country data Cambodia	Template:Date table sorting^[96]
75	Template:Country data Tunisia	Template:Dts^[97]
76	Template:Country data Ghana	Template:Dts^[98]
77	Template:Country data Guinea	Template:Date table sorting^[99]
78	Template:Country data Nepal	Template:DTS^[100]
79	Template:Country data Somalia	Template:Dts^[101]
80	Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts^[102]
81	Template:Country data Cyprus	Template:Dts^[103]
82	Template:Country data Nigeria	Template:Dts^[104]
83	Template:Country data Madagascar	Template:Dts^[104]
84	Template:Country data South Korea	Template:Date table sorting^[105]
85	Template:Country data Republic of the Congo	Template:Date table sorting^[106]
86	Template:Country data Gabon	Template:Date table sorting^[107]
87	Template:Country data Togo	Template:Date table sorting^[108]
88	Template:Country data Senegal	Template:Date table sorting^[106]
89	Template:Country data Cameroon	Template:Date table sorting^[106]
90	Template:Country data Burkina Faso	Template:Date table sorting^[107]
91	Template:Country data Niger	Template:Date table sorting^[106]
92	Template:Country data Benin	Template:Date table sorting^[107]
93	Template:Country data Ivory Coast	Template:Date table sorting^[106]
94	Template:Country data Sierra Leone	Template:Dts^[108]
95	Template:Country data Mauritania	Template:Dts^[106]
96	Template:Country data Tanzania	Template:Dts^[106]
97	Template:Country data Chad	Template:Dts^[106]
98	Template:Country data Burundi	Template:Date table sorting^[109]
99	Template:Country data Jamaica	Template:Date table sorting^[110]
100	Template:Country data Algeria	Template:Dts^[111]
101	Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago	Template:Date table sorting^[112]
102	Template:Country data Kenya	Template:Date table sorting^[113]
103	Template:Country data Mali	Template:Date table sorting^[114]
104	Template:Country data Rwanda	Template:Dts^[115]
105	Template:Country data Kuwait	Template:DTS^[116]
106	Template:Country data Malta	Template:Dts^[117]
107	Template:Country data Zambia	Template:Dts^[118]
108	Template:Country data Singapore	Template:Dts^[119]
109	Template:Country data Central African Republic	Template:Dts^[120]
110	Template:Country data Malawi	Template:Dts^[121]
111	Template:Country data Uganda	Template:Dts^[122]
112	Template:Country data Gambia	Template:Dts^[123]
113	Template:Country data Monaco	Template:Dts^[124]
114	Template:Country data Botswana	Template:Dts^[125]
115	Template:Country data Lesotho	Template:Dts^[126]
116	Template:Country data Eswatini	Template:Dts^[127]
117	Template:Country data Mauritius	Template:Dts^[128]
118	Template:Country data Barbados	Template:Date table sorting^[129]
119	Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea	Template:Dts^[130]
120	Template:Country data Guyana	Template:DTS^[131]
121	Template:Country data Albania	Template:Dts^[132]
122	Template:Country data Yemen	Template:DTS^[133]
123	Template:Country data Oman	Template:DTS^[134]
124	Template:Country data Bangladesh	Template:DTS^[135]
125	Template:Country data Fiji	Template:DTS^[136]
126	Template:Country data Mongolia	Template:Date table sorting^[137]
127	Template:Country data Bahrain	Template:Dts^[138]
128	Template:Country data United Arab Emirates	Template:Dts^[139]
129	Template:Country data Qatar	Template:Dts^[140]
130	Template:Country data Vietnam	Template:Dts^[141]
131	Template:Country data Bahamas	Template:Dts^[142]
132	Template:Country data Mozambique	Template:Dts^[143]
133	Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau	Template:Dts^[144]
134	Template:Country data Tonga	Template:Dts^[145]
135	Template:Country data Laos	Template:Dts^[146]
136	Template:Country data Suriname	Template:Dts^[147]
137	Template:Country data Angola	Template:Date table sorting^[148]
138	Template:Country data Samoa	Template:Dts^[149]
139	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea	Template:Date table sorting^[150]
140	Template:Country data Cape Verde	Template:Dts^[151]
141	Template:Country data Seychelles	Template:Dts^[152]
142	Template:Country data Comoros	Template:Dts^[153]
143	Template:Country data Maldives	Template:Dts^[154]
144	Template:Country data Grenada	Template:Dts^[155]
145	Template:Country data Zimbabwe	Template:Dts^[156]
146	Template:Country data Kiribati	Template:Dts^[157]
147	Template:Country data Dominica	Template:DTS^[158]
148	Template:Country data Saint Lucia	Template:DTS^[159]
149	Template:Country data Djibouti	Template:Dts^[160]
150	Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Template:Date table sorting^[161]
151	Template:Country data Solomon Islands	Template:Dts^[162]
152	Template:Country data Tuvalu	Template:Date table sorting^[163]
153	Template:Country data Vanuatu	Template:Dts^[164]
154	Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda	Template:Dts^[165]
155	Template:Country data Nauru	Template:Date table sorting^[166]
156	Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis	Template:Dts^[167]
157	Template:Country data Brunei	Template:Dts^[168]
158	Template:Country data Bhutan	Template:Dts^[169]
159	Template:Country data Belize	Template:Date table sorting^[170]
160	Template:Country data Namibia	Template:Date table sorting^[171]
161	Template:Country data Latvia	Template:Dts^[172]
162	Template:Country data Estonia	Template:Dts^[173]
163	Template:Country data Liechtenstein	Template:Dts^[174]
164	Template:Country data Lithuania	Template:Dts^[175]
165	Template:Country data Slovenia	Template:Dts^[176]
166	Template:Country data Armenia	Template:Dts^[177]
167	Template:Country data Croatia	Template:Dts^[178]
168	Template:Country data Belarus	Template:Dts^[179]
169	Template:Country data Azerbaijan	Template:Dts^[180]
170	Template:Country data Ukraine	Template:Dts^[181]
171	Template:Country data Georgia	Template:Dts^[182]
172	Template:Country data Turkmenistan	Template:Dts^[183]
173	Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan	Template:Date table sorting^[184]
174	Template:Country data Moldova	Template:Dts^[185]
175	Template:Country data Tajikistan	Template:Dts^[186]
176	Template:Country data Kazakhstan	Template:Date table sorting^[187]
177	Template:Country data Uzbekistan	Template:Date table sorting^[188]
178	Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina	Template:Date table sorting^[189]
179	Template:Country data Slovakia	Template:Dts^[190]
180	Template:Country data Marshall Islands	Template:DTS^[191]
181	Template:Country data Andorra	Template:Dts^[192]
182	Template:Country data North Macedonia	Template:Date table sorting^[193]
183	Template:Country data Eritrea	Template:Dts^[194]
184	Template:Country data San Marino	Template:Dts^[195]
185	Template:Country data Federated States of Micronesia	Template:Date table sorting^[196]
186	Template:Country data Palau	Template:Date table sorting^[197]
187	Template:Country data North Korea	Template:Dts^[198]
188	Template:Country data Timor-Leste	Template:Date table sorting^[199]
189	Template:Country data Montenegro	Template:Dts^[200]
—	Template:Country data Kosovo	Template:Date table sorting^[201]
—	Template:Country data Cook Islands	Template:Dts^[202]
190	Template:Country data South Sudan	Template:Dts^[203]
191	Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe	Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Template:Country data Burkina Faso	14 December 1961	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1961^[107] Burkina Faso is represented in the Netherlands by its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and an honorary consulate in Rotterdam.^[204] The Netherlands are represented in Burkina Faso by their embassy in Bamako, Mali.^[205]
Template:Country data Comoros		Comoros are represented in the Netherlands by their embassy in Brussels, Belgium.^[206] Netherlands are represented in the Comoros by their embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.^[207]
Template:Country data Egypt	16 November 1922	See Egypt–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1922 when Mr. J. P. graaf van Limburg Stirum was accredited as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands to Egypt.^[208] Egypt has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Cairo.
Template:Country data Ethiopia	6 November 1950	See Ethiopia–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1950^[79] Ethiopia is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels. Netherlands has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Template:Country data Ivory Coast	9 January 1962	See Ivory Coast–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 January 1962^[106] Ivory Coast has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Abidjan.
Template:Country data Kenya	3 February 1964	See Kenya–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1964^[113] Kenya has an embassy in The Hague. the Netherlands has an embassy in Nairobi.
Template:Country data Liberia	3 May 1949	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1949.^[79] Also both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1936 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Liberia to the Netherlands Baron Otto van den Bogaerde van Terbrugge.^[209]
Template:Country data Mauritania	9 March 1962	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1962^[106] Mauritania is represented in the Netherlands by its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and an honorary consulate in Midwoud.^[210] The Netherlands are represented in Mauritania by their embassy in Dakar, Senegal.^[211]
Template:Country data Morocco		See Morocco–Netherlands relations Morocco has an embassy in The Hague and four consulates-general in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, 's-Hertogenbosch, and in Utrecht. Netherlands has an embassy in Rabat and a consulate-general in Casablanca.
Template:Country data South Africa		See Netherlands–South Africa relations Netherlands has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town.^[212] South Africa has an embassy in The Hague.^[213] See also: Dutch immigration to South Africa

Americas

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Template:Country data Argentina	24 January 1896	See Argentina–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1896.^[214] Argentina has an embassy in The Hague.^[215] Netherlands has an embassy in Buenos Aires.^[216] Queen Máxima of the Netherlands is originally from Argentina. See also: Dutch Argentine
Template:Country data Bolivia	21 July 1911	See Bolivia–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1911.^[217]^[57] Bolivia has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
Template:Country data Brazil		See Brazil–Netherlands relations Brazil has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Rotterdam.^[218] Netherlands has an embassy in Brasília and two consulates-general in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.^[219] See also: Dutch Brazilian
Template:Country data Canada	3 January 1939	See Canada–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1939^[220] Canada has an embassy in The Hague and the Netherlands has one in Ottawa, and three Consulates-General in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Canada and the Netherlands have worked closely together on many foreign issues and enjoy an especially close relationship. To foster business and commercial relations between the Netherlands and Canada, the Dutch business community set up the Netherlands-Canadian Chamber of Commerce.^[221] They are both members of the United Nations (and its Specialized Agencies), the World Trade Organization, and Interpol; they are both founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. Canada and the Netherlands also work together on such issues as the prohibition and elimination of anti-personnel mines, the control of the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, eradicating the worst forms of child labour, the provision of rapid reaction peacekeeping forces to the United Nations (SHIRBRIG) and regional security issues such as Bosnia (SFOR) and Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE). Canada has an embassy in The Hague.^[222] Netherlands has an embassy in Ottawa and four consulates-general in Calgary, Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.^[223] See also: Canadians of Dutch descent
Template:Country data Chile	10 June 1872	See Chile–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1872.^[224] Chile has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Amsterdam. Netherlands has an embassy in Santiago.
Template:Country data Colombia	1829	See Colombia–Netherlands relations Relations between Colombia and the Netherlands were established in 1829. Colombia has an embassy in The Hague and two consulates-general in Amsterdam and Oranjestad, and a consulate in Willemstad.^[225] Netherlands has an embassy in Bogotá and a consulate-general in Barranquilla.^[226]
Template:Country data Costa Rica	12 July 1852	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1852.^[227] Costa Rica has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in San José.
Template:Country data Cuba	20 May 1902	See Cuba–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1902.^[228] Cuba has an embassy in The Hague and two consulates-general in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Netherlands has an embassy in Havana.
Template:Country data Dominica		Dominica is represented in the Netherlands by its embassy in London, United Kingdom.^[229] The Netherlands are represented in Dominica by their embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.^[230]
Template:Country data Dominican Republic	18 March 1892	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1892^[231] Dominican Republic has an embassy in The Hague and consulates-general in Amsterdam, Philipsburg, and Willemstad. Netherlands has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
Template:Country data El Salvador		El Salvador has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in San José, Costa Rica.
Template:Country data Guyana	15 May 1970	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 May 1970.^[232] Guyana was made up of three former Dutch colonies: (Berbice, Demerara and Essequibo (colony)) which were brought together by the British and renamed collectively British Guiana.
Template:Country data Honduras	16 May 1946	See Honduras–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 May 1946 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands to Hohduras with residence in Guatemala Mr. G. M. Bijvanck.^[233] Honduras is accredited to Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium. Netherlands is accredited to Honduras from its embassy in San José, Costa Rica. and an honorary consulates in Tegucigalpa.
Template:Country data Mexico	16 June 1828	See Mexico–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1828.^[234]Template:Npsn On September 27, 1993, the Netherlands Ministry of Finance announced The Netherlands – Mexico Tax Treaty and Protocol. The regulations detail the formalities residents of the Netherlands must observe "in order to be exempt from, or obtain a refund of, the Mexican withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties."^[235] In 2008 Mexico and the Netherlands modified their existing tax treaty, initially signed in 1993 to strength cooperation to curb tax evasion.^[236]^[237] Mexico has an embassy in The Hague.^[238] Netherlands has an embassy in Mexico City.^[239]
Template:Country data Peru		See Netherlands–Peru relations Netherlands has an embassy in Lima. Peru has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Suriname	1975-25-11	See Netherlands–Suriname relations Netherlands has an embassy in Paramaribo.^[240] Suriname has an embassy in The Hague and two consulates-general in Amsterdam and in Willemstad, Curaçao.^[241] See also: Dutch Surinamese
Template:Country data United States	19 April 1782	See Netherlands–United States relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1782^[242] The bilateral relations between the two nations are based on historical and cultural ties as well as a common dedication to individual freedom and human rights. The Netherlands shares with the United States a liberal economic outlook and is committed to free trade. The Netherlands is the third-largest direct foreign investor in the United States,^[243] and Dutch holding companies employ more than 650,000 Americans.^[244] The United States is the third-largest direct foreign investor in the Netherlands. The United States and the Netherlands often have similar positions on issues and work together both bilaterally and multilaterally in such institutions as the United Nations and NATO. The Dutch have worked with the United States at the World Trade Organization, in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, as well as within the European Union to advance the shared U.S. goal of a more open and market-led global economy. The United States and the Netherlands joined NATO as charter members in 1949. The Dutch were allies with the United States in the Korean War and the first Gulf War and have been active in global peacekeeping efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and Iraq. Netherlands also support and participate in NATO and EU training efforts in Iraq. They are active participants in the International Security Assistance Force and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Netherlands has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates general in Atlanta, Chicago, Miami, New York City, and San Francisco.^[245] United States has an embassy in The Hague and two consulates-general in Amsterdam and Willemstad, Curaçao.^[246] See also: Dutch American
Template:Country data Uruguay	15 April 1896	See Netherlands–Uruguay relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1896^[49]^[247] Netherlands is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires.^[248] Uruguay has an embassy in The Hague.^[249]
Template:Country data Venezuela		See Netherlands–Venezuela relations Netherlands has an embassy in Caracas. Venezuela has an embassy in The Hague and consulates-general in Kralendijk, Oranjestad, and Willemstad.

Asia

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Template:Country data Afghanistan	2 August 1956	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 1956 when first Envoy of Afgnanistan Dr. Sardir Najib-Ullah Khan presented his credentials to Queen of the Netherlands.^[93] Afghanistan has an embassy in The Hague. The Netherlands closed its embassy in Kabul in 2021.^[250]^[251]
Template:Country data Armenia	30 January 1992	See Armenia–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1992.^[252] Armenia has an embassy in The Hague and two honorary consulates in Amsterdam, and Hilversum.^[253] The Netherlands has an embassy in Yerevan.^[254] There are around 20,000 people of Armenian descent living in Amsterdam and another 10,000 in Alkmaar.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The Netherlands has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2004.^[255] Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Azerbaijan	1 April 1992	See Azerbaijan–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1992.^[256] Azerbaijan has an embassy in The Hague. The Netherlands has an embassy in Baku. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Bangladesh	1971-01-04	See Bangladesh–Netherlands relations Bangladesh has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Dhaka.
Template:Country data Bhutan	10 June 1985	See Foreign relations of Bhutan Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1985^[257] Bhutan is represented to the Netherlands through embassy in Brussels. Netherlands is represented to Bhutan through embassy in Delhi.
Template:Country data China	18 May 1972^[258]	See China–Netherlands relations China has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Willemstad, Curaçao. Netherlands has an embassy in Beijing and five consulates-general in Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Shanghai.
Template:Country data Georgia	22 April 1992	See Georgia–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 April 1992.^[259] Georgia has an embassy in The Hague. The Netherlands has an embassy in Tbilisi. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Georgia is an EU candidate and the Netherlands is an EU member.
Template:Country data India	17 April 1947	See India–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 1947^[260] India has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Delhi and consulates-general Bangalore and Mumbai.
Template:Country data Indonesia	1949	See Indonesia–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1949^[261] Indonesia has an embassy in The Hague.^[262] Netherlands has an embassy in Jakarta and four honorary consulates in Ambon, Bali, Medan, and Surabaya.^[263]^[264] See also: Indo people
Template:Country data Iran	5 January 1883	See Iran–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1883 when Mirza Jawad Khan, Persian Minister in Belgium, was also accredited to the Netherlands.^[265]^[266] Iran has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Tehran.
Template:Country data Iraq	10 May 1935	See Iraq–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1935 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Netherlands to Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) C. Adriaanse also to Iraq.^[69] Iraq has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Baghdad and a consulate-general in Erbil.
Template:Country data Israel	1949	See Israel–Netherlands relations In 1947, the Netherlands voted in favor of the United Nations Resolution 181. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1949.^[267] Israel has an embassy in The Hague.^[268] Netherlands has an embassy at the Ramat Gan in Tel Aviv, and two honorary consulates in Eilat and Haifa.^[269]
Template:Country data Japan	1609	See Japan–Netherlands relations Relations between Japan and the Netherlands date back to 1609, when the first formal trade relations were established.^[270]^[271] The relations between Japan and the Netherlands after 1945 have been a triangular relationship. The invasion and occupation of the Netherlands East Indies during World War II, brought about the destruction of the colonial state in Indonesia, as the Japanese removed as much of the Dutch government as they could, weakening the post war grip the Netherlands had over the territory. Under pressure from the United States, the Netherlands recognised Indonesian sovereignty in 1949 (see United States of Indonesia). Japan has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Tokyo and a consulate-general in Osaka.
Template:Country data Kazakhstan	10 September 1992	See Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1992.^[272] The Netherlands is Kazakhstan's largest foreign investor and the second largest European Union partner in terms of foreign trade turnover with Kazakhstan.^[273] Kazakhstan has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Astana.
Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstan is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium. the Netherlands is accredited to Kyrgyzstan from its embassy in Astana, Kazakhstan.
Template:Country data Malaysia	31 August 1957	See Malaysia–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1957.^[274] File:Melaka-St-Paul-Dutch-graves-2183.jpg The graves of Dutch dignitaries in Melaka's ruined St. Paul's Church. The Dutch involvement in the Malay Peninsula used to be much more extensive than it is now. The Dutch established relations with the Sultanate of Johor in the early 17th century, and in 1641 they captured the Portuguese colony of Malacca (on the south-eastern coast of today's Peninsular Malaysia). With a long interruption during the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch Malacca era lasted until 1824. In the 20th century, the Netherlands established diplomatic relations with Malaysia soon after the Asian state became independent. The erudite Dutch Sinologist and author Robert van Gulik (who was raised in the former Dutch East Indies himself) served as the ambassador of the Netherlands in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s. During his diplomatic service there he became closely acquainted with Malaysia's gibbons (he kept a few in his ambassadorial residence) and became sufficiently interested in this ape species to start the study of its role in ancient Chinese culture, the results of which he later published in his last book (Gibbon in China).^[275] Netherlands has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Oman		See Foreign relations of Oman Netherlands has an embassy in Muscat. Oman has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Pakistan	1947-15-8	See Netherlands–Pakistan relations Netherlands has an embassy in Islamabad and a consulate-general in Karachi. Pakistan has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Philippines	20 May 1947	See Netherlands–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1947.^[276] Netherlands has an embassy in Manila. Philippines has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Saudi Arabia	9 June 1930	See Netherlands–Saudi Arabia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1930 when first the Netherlands Chargé d'Affaires, M. Van de Meulen, presented letters of credence to King Ibn Saud.^[68] Netherlands has an embassy in Riyadh. Saudi Arabia has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Singapore	7 December 1965	See Netherlands–Singapore relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1965.^[277] Netherlands has an embassy in Singapore. Singapore is represented in the Netherlands through its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
Template:Country data South Korea	1961-01-04^[278]	See Netherlands–South Korea relations The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Kingdom of the Netherlands began on April 1, 1961. Relations between the Netherlands and South Korea are excellent. The Netherlands are known in the country, thanks to increasing trade and the investments made by Dutch businesses. Political relations South Koreans still appreciate the contribution made by Dutch troops, serving under the UN flag, during the Korean War of 1950–1953. The Netherlands was an ally to South Korea throughout the war, against communist North Korea (backed by the Soviet Union). The Netherlands still monitors developments between South Korea and North Korea with interest, and remain an ally. In 2011 the Netherlands and South Korea marked 50 years of diplomatic relations. The Netherlands frequently serves as an example to South Korea, for example in the areas of development cooperation and water management. In 2011, for instance, a South Korean delegation visited parts of the Room for the River project – designed to make the Dutch river delta safer by 2015 – to gain inspiration for a South Korean water management plan.^[279] The Netherlands has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with South Korea. Citizens of both countries can live and work in the other for up to two years. Netherlands has an embassy in Seoul.^[280]^[281] South Korea has an embassy in the Hague.^[282]^[283] The number of the South Korean citizens living in the Netherlands in 2012 was about 2,602.
Template:Country data Syria	24 January 1952	See Netherlands–Syria relations
Template:Country data Taiwan		See Netherlands–Taiwan relations
Template:Country data Turkey	1612	See Netherlands–Turkey relations The Netherlands has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.^[284] Turkey has an embassy in The Hague and three consulates-general in Amsterdam, Deventer, and Rotterdam.^[285] Both countries are full members of NATO and the Council of Europe. the Netherlands is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. the Netherlands opposes Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended.
Template:Country data Turkmenistan		the Netherlands is accredited to Turkmenistan from its embassy in Astana, Kazakhstan. Turkmenistan is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates		the Netherlands has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and an consulate-general in Dubai. United Arab Emirates has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Vietnam		the Netherlands has an embassy in Hanoi. Vietnam has an embassy in The Hague.

Europe

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Template:Country data Albania	17 November 1970	See Albania–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 November 1970^[132] Albania has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Tirana. Both countries are full members of NATO. Albania is an EU candidate and The Netherlands is an EU member.
Template:Country data Austria		See Austria–Netherlands relations Austria has an embassy in The Hague and two honorary consulates in Amsterdam and Rotterdam.^[286] The Netherlands has an embassy in Vienna and six honorary consulates in Bludenz, Innsbruck, Graz, Klagenfurt, Salzburg, and Linz.^[287] Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Template:Country data Belarus	24 March 1992	See Belarus–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 March 1992^[288] Belarus has an embassy in The Hague. The Netherlands is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Warsaw, Poland, and through an honorary consulate in Minsk. Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Template:Country data Belgium	3 August 1839	See Belgium–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1839.^[33] Relations were established after the independence of Belgium. Both nations are allies and have cultural similarities. Belgium has an embassy in The Hague.^[289] Netherlands has an embassy in Brussels and a consulate-general in Antwerp.^[290] Both nations are members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Bosnia & Herzegovina	15 December 1992	See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1992^[291] Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Sarajevo.
Template:Country data Bulgaria		See Bulgaria–Netherlands relations Bulgaria has an embassy in The Hague.^[292] The Netherlands has an embassy in Sofia.^[293] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Croatia	11 February 1992	See Croatia–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1992.^[294] Croatia has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Zagreb. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Cyprus		See Cyprus–Netherlands relations Cyprus has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Nicosia. Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Czech Republic	13 November 1919	See Czech Republic–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1919^[295] Czech Republic has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Prague. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Denmark		See Denmark – Netherlands relations Both countries have had diplomatic relations since the 16th century. Denmark has an embassy in The Hague.^[296] The Netherlands has an embassy in Copenhagen and eight honorary consulates in Aalborg, Aarhus, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Nuuk, Odense, Rønne, and Tórshavn.^[297] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Estonia	Template:Dts	The Netherlands recognized Estonia on 5 March 1921. After the end of Soviet occupation the Netherlands re-recognised Estonia on 2 September 1991. Estonia has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Tallinn. Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
Template:Country data Finland	14 August 1918	See Finland–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1918^[298] Finland has an embassy in The Hague. the Netherlands has an embassy in Helsinki. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and the Council of Europe. the Netherlands fully supported Finland's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 4 April 2023.
Template:Country data France		See France–Netherlands relations Both countries fought in the Franco-Dutch War. The two countries share a border in the Caribbean island of Saint Martin: the northern part of the island is a French overseas collectivity known as the Collectivity of Saint Martin, while the southern part of the island is a Dutch constituent country known as Sint Maarten. France maintains an embassy in The Hague and seven consulates in Amsterdam, Den Bosch, Groningen, Maastricht, Middelburg, Rotterdam, and Utrecht.^[299] The Netherlands maintains an embassy in Paris and 12 consulates in Ajaccio, Bordeaux, Brest, Calais, Le Havre, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier, Nice, Strasbourg, and Toulouse.^[300] Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Germany	1871	See Germany–Netherlands relations Germany has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Amsterdam. Netherlands has an embassy in Berlin and four consulates-general in Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Munich. Both nations are members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Greece		See Greece–Netherlands relations Greece has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Athens. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Hungary		See Hungary–Netherlands relations The Netherlands has an embassy in Budapest and an honorary consulate in Pécs.^[301] Hungary has an embassy in The Hague and six honorary consulates in Amsterdam, Arnhem, Aerdenhout, Winsum, 's-Hertogenbosch and Curaçao.^[302] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Iceland	9 January 1946	See Iceland–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 January 1946^[303] Iceland is represented in the Netherlands by its embassy in Oslo, Norway.^[304] The Netherlands is represented in Iceland by its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.^[305] Both countries are full members of NATO.
Template:Country data Ireland		See Ireland–Netherlands relations Ireland has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Amsterdam.^[306] Netherlands has an embassy in Dublin.^[307] Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Template:Country data Italy		See Italy–Netherlands relations Italy has an embassy in The Hague. the Netherlands has an embassy in Rome and a consulate-general in Milan. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Kosovo		See Kosovo–Netherlands relations Kosovo has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Pristina.
Template:Country data Latvia	24 September 1991	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 1991.^[308] Latvia has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Riga. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Lithuania	3 December 1991	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1991.^[309] Lithuania has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Vilnius. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Luxembourg		See Luxembourg–Netherlands relations Luxembourg has an embassy in The Hague. the Netherlands has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Both countries are full members of the European Union and of NATO.
Template:Country data Malta		Malta has an embassy in The Hague. the Netherlands has an embassy in Valletta. Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Template:Country data Moldova	10 July 1992	See Moldova–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1992^[310] Moldova has an embassy in The Hague and an honorary consulate in Amsterdam. The Netherlands is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania) and through an honorary consulate in Chișinău. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Moldova is an EU candidate and the Netherlands is an EU member.
Template:Country data Montenegro		Montenegro has an embassy in The Hague. the Netherlands is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and of NATO. Montenegro is an EU candidate and the Netherlands is an EU member.
Template:Country data North Macedonia		the Netherlands has an embassy in Skopje. North Macedonia has an embassy in The Hague. Both countries are full members of NATO. the Netherlands is an EU member and North Macedonia is an EU candidate.
Template:Country data Poland	4 July 1919	See Netherlands–Poland relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 July 1919^[311] Netherlands has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in The Hague. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Portugal		See Netherlands–Portugal relations Netherlands has an embassy in Lisbon. Portugal has an embassy in The Hague. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Romania	12 February 1880	See Netherlands–Romania relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1880^[312] The Netherlands has an embassy in Bucharest and three honorary consulates. Romania has an embassy in The Hague and four honorary consulates. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Russia		See Netherlands–Russia relations Both countries were establishment of diplomatic relations in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union. Peter the Great studied in Holland. During the Cold War, all the Dutch consecutive governments perceived the Warsaw pact including the Soviet Union and Russia as a threat to its safety. Netherlands has an embassy in Moscow, a consulate-general in Saint Petersburg, and an honorary consulate in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Russia has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Serbia	1899-04-26	See Netherlands–Serbia relations Netherlands has an embassy in Belgrade.^[313] Serbia has an embassy in The Hague.^[314] The Netherlands is a European Union member and Serbia is a candidate.
Template:Country data Slovakia	1993-01-01	See Netherlands–Slovakia relations The Netherlands has an embassy in Bratislava.^[315] Slovakia has an embassy in The Hague. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.Template:Dead link
Template:Country data Slovenia	1991-06-25	See Netherlands–Slovenia relations The Netherlands has an embassy in Ljubljana.^[316] Slovenia has an embassy in The Hague.^[317] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Country data Spain		See Netherlands–Spain relations Netherlands has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in The Hague. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Sweden		See Netherlands–Sweden relations the Netherlands has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden has an embassy in The Hague. Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO and the Council of Europe. the Netherlands fully supported Sweden's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 7 March 2024.
Template:Country data Switzerland		the Netherlands has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in The Hague. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Template:Country data Ukraine	1 April 1992	See Netherlands–Ukraine relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1992^[318] The Netherlands has an embassy in Kyiv and a consulate in Lviv. Ukraine has an embassy in The Hague.^[319] Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. the Netherlands is an EU member and Ukraine is an EU candidate.
Template:Country data United Kingdom	1 April 1603	See Netherlands–United Kingdom relations File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Dutch PM Dick Schoof (54313093289).jpg Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer in 10 Downing Street, February 2025. The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 April 1603.^[320]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The Netherlands maintains an embassy in London.^[321] The United Kingdom is accredited to the Netherlands through its embassy in The Hague.^[322] Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,^[323] the Council of Europe, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.^[324]

Oceania

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Template:Country data Australia	31 January 1942	See Australia–Netherlands relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 1942.^[325] Australia has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney.
Template:Country data New Zealand	19 June 1947	See Netherlands–New Zealand relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 1947.^[326] Netherlands has an embassy in Wellington. New Zealand has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Country data Solomon Islands	1 February 1982	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1982^[327] Netherlands is accredited to the Solomon Islands from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.^[328] Solomon Islands is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.^[329]^[330]
Template:Country data Vanuatu		Vanuatu has an honorary consulate in The Hague.^[331]

Notes

Template:Reflist

Collet, Steven. "Modernizing the Dutch Diplomatic Service: A Work in Progress." The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 10.4 (2015): 440–451.
Erlandsson, Susanna. "Off the record: Margaret van Kleffens and the gendered history of Dutch World War II diplomacy." International Feminist Journal of Politics 21.1 (2019): 29–46. online Template:Webarchive
Heinsen-Roach, Erica. Consuls and Captives: Dutch-North African Diplomacy in the Early Modern Mediterranean (2019) online Template:Webarchive.
Israel, Jonathan. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477–1806 (1995) a major synthesis; complete online edition
Koopmans, Joop W., and Arend H. Huussen Jr. Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed. 2007)
Kossmann, E. H. The Low Countries 1780–1940 (1978) 790pp.
Krabbendam, Hans, et al. eds. Four Centuries of Dutch-American Relations 1609–2009 (Amsterdam: Boom), 2009, 1190 pp., Template:ISBN
Leurdijk, J.H. ed. The Foreign Policy of the Netherlands (Alphen aan den Rijn, 1978).
Nordholt, Jan Willem Schulte, and Robert P. Swierenga. Bilateral Bicentennial: A History of Dutch-American Relations, 1782–1982 (1982) 279pp
Onnekink, David, and Gijs Rommelse. The Dutch in the early modern world: a history of a global power (Cambridge University Press, 2019).
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Scott, Cynthia. "Renewing the 'Special Relationship'and Rethinking the Return of Cultural Property: The Netherlands and Indonesia, 1949–79." Journal of Contemporary History 52.3 (2017): 646–668.
Tonra, Ben. The Europeanisation of national foreign policy: Dutch, Danish and Irish foreign policy in the European Union (Routledge, 2018) online Template:Webarchive.
Tuyll van Serooskerken, Hubert P. van. Netherlands & World War I: Espionage, Diplomacy & Survival (2001) 381p.
van Willigen, Niels. "A Dutch return to UN peacekeeping?." International Peacekeeping 23.5 (2016): 702–720.
Vandenbosch, Amry. Dutch Foreign Policy since 1815 (1959). online; online
Vandenbosch, Amry. The neutrality of the Netherlands during the world war (1927).
Vandenbosch, Amry. Dutch in the Far East (1943) online
Appointment of the Dutch Ambassador in 1614: a rare document online Template:Webarchive
Veer, Lionel. "On the road for human rights: Experiences and reflections of the Dutch human rights ambassador 2010–2014." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 35.1 (2017): 4–10.

Template:Foreign relations of the Netherlands Template:Netherlands topics Template:Foreign relations of Europe

↑ A. Vandenbosch, Dutch Foreign Policy since 1815 (1959).
↑ Cees Wiebes and Bert Zeeman, "The Pentagon Negotiations March 1948: The Launching of the North Atlantic Treaty." International Affairs 59.3 (1983): 351-363.
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↑ ORET flyer Template:Webarchive, via Google Docs. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
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↑ See also NL: Ammar en Sara (in Dutch)
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↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Template:Cite tweet
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Mitsubishi Corporation – Regional Report on the Kingdom of the Netherlands Template:Webarchive
↑ 400 jaar handel – Four centuries of Japanese–Dutch trade relations: 1609–2009
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Robert van Gulik, The gibbon in China. An essay in Chinese animal lore. E.J.Brill, Leiden, Netherlands. (1967)
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Turkish embassy in The Hague Template:Webarchive
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Dutch embassy Sofia Template:Webarchive
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Dutch embassy in Budapest Template:Webarchive
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Dutch embassy in Belgrade Template:Webarchive
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Dutch embassy in Ljubljana Netherlands in Slovenia
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[1] A. Vandenbosch, Dutch Foreign Policy since 1815 (1959).

[2] Cees Wiebes and Bert Zeeman, "The Pentagon Negotiations March 1948: The Launching of the North Atlantic Treaty." International Affairs 59.3 (1983): 351-363.

[history-3] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[4] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[5] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[6] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[7] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[8] ORET flyer Template:Webarchive, via Google Docs. Retrieved 2011-10-23.

[9] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[10] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[11] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[12] See also NL: Ammar en Sara (in Dutch)

[13] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[14] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[15] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[16] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[17] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[18] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[19] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[20] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[21] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:34-22] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[23] J. & P. Lefèvre, Inventaire des Archives de l'Ambassade d'Espagne à la Haye (1932; reprinted Brussels, 1991), p. 80.

[24] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[25] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[26] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[27] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[28] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[29] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[30] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[31] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[32] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Librairie_polytechnique2-33] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:22-34] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:422-35] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[36] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[37] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[38] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[39] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:142-40] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[41] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:12-42] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[43] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[44] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[45] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[46] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[47] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[P._Ruppert_18922-48] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[archive.org-49] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[50] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[bilateral-51] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[52] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:93-53] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[date-54] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[55] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:1-56] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ReferenceC-57] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Almanach_de_Gotha-58] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ties-59] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[60] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[61] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[62] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[63] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[64] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:14-65] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[66] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[67] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:82-68] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ReferenceE-69] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[70] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[71] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[72] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[73] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[74] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Indian_Information_Volume_20-75] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[76] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[77] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[78] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Rechtsgeleerd_magazin_Themis2-79] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[80] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[81] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[82] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[83] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[84] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[85] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[86] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[87] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[88] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[89] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[90] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[91] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[92] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ReferenceD-93] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[94] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[95] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[96] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[97] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:06-98] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[99] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[100] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:03-101] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[102] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[103] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:3-104] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[105] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ReferenceB3-106] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ReferenceA3-107] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ReferenceC2-108] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[109] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[110] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[111] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[112] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ReferenceF-113] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[114] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[115] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[116] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[117] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[118] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[119] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[120] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[121] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[122] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[123] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[124] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[125] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[126] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[127] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ReferenceA2-128] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[diplomaticrelations-129] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[130] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[relations-131] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[punetejashtme.gov.al-132] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[133] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[134] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[135] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[136] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[137] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[138] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ARR:_Arab_Report_and_Record-139] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[140] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[141] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[142] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:4-143] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[144] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[145] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[146] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[147] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:023-148] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[149] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:0-150] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:42-151] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[152] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[153] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[154] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[155] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[156] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[157] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[158] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:15-159] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[160] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[161] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:02-162] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[163] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[164] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:05-165] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[166] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[167] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[168] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[list-169] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:04-170] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[171] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[172] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[173] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:32-174] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[175] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[176] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[177] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[178] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[179] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[180] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Europe-181] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[182] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[183] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[184] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[185] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[186] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[187] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[188] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[189] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[190] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[191] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[192] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[193] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:022-194] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[195] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Dates-196] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[197] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[198] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:2-199] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[mfa-200] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Visoka2-201] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[202] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[203] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[204] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[205] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[206] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[207] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[208] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[209] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[210] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[211] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[212] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[213] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[214] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[215] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[216] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[217] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[218] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[219] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[220] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[221] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[222] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[223] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[224] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[225] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[226] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[227] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[228] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[229] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[230] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[231] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[232] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[233] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[234] Template:Cite tweet

[235] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[236] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[237] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[238] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[239] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[240] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[241] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[242] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[243] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[244] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[245] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[246] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[247] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[248] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[249] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[250] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[251] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[252] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[253] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[254] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[canada.com-255] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[256] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[257] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[258] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[259] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[260] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[261] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[262] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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[267] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link

[268] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[269] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[ref1-270] Mitsubishi Corporation – Regional Report on the Kingdom of the Netherlands Template:Webarchive

[ref2-271] 400 jaar handel – Four centuries of Japanese–Dutch trade relations: 1609–2009

[272] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[273] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[274] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[275] Robert van Gulik, The gibbon in China. An essay in Chinese animal lore. E.J.Brill, Leiden, Netherlands. (1967)

[276] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[277] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[autogenerated1-278] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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[285] Turkish embassy in The Hague Template:Webarchive

[286] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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[290] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[291] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[292] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[293] Dutch embassy Sofia Template:Webarchive

[294] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[295] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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[298] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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[300] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[301] Dutch embassy in Budapest Template:Webarchive

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[310] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[311] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[312] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[313] Dutch embassy in Belgrade Template:Webarchive

[314] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[315] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[316] Dutch embassy in Ljubljana Netherlands in Slovenia

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[319] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[britain-320] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Foreign relations of the Netherlands: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:12, 7 November 2025

Contents

History

European integration

Involvement in developing countries

Export assistance grants

International organizations

International issues

Diplomatic relations

Bilateral relations

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Oceania

See also

Notes

Further reading

Navigation menu

@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 |1
 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
-|{{DTS|1 April 1603}}<ref name="britain">{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Gary M. |title=A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1995 |pages=194, 221, 275 and 283|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9D86YgEACAAJ|isbn=0521283221}}</ref>
+|{{DTS|10 August 1585}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Poot |first=Anton |title=Crucial Years in Anglo-Dutch Relations (1625-1642) |publisher=Hilversum Verloren |year=2013 |pages=15}}</ref>
 |-
 |2
@@ Line 99: / Line 100: @@
 |-
 |11
+|{{Flag|Brazil}}
+|{{DTS|12 October 1826}}<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Legações e embaixadas do Brasil |url=https://funag.gov.br/biblioteca/download/legacoes_embaixadas.pdf |journal=Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão |language=pt |pages=386}}</ref>
+|-
+|12
 |{{Flag|Mexico}}
 |{{dts|16 June 1828}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Hoy conmemoramos el 194 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Países Bajos. |url=https://x.com/SRE_mx/status/1537440338121396225 |access-date=15 April 2025 |language=es}}</ref>
-|-
-|12
-|{{Flag|Brazil}}
-|{{DTS|20 December 1828}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=British and Foreign State Papers |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1865 |volume=43 |pages=778}}</ref>
 |-
 |13
@@ Line 260: / Line 261: @@
 |50
 |{{Flag|Australia}}
-|{{dts|1 February 1942}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=M. Epstein |url=https://www.google.com.ua/books/edition/The_Statesman_s_Year_Book/wtbMDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Iven+Mackay+australian+high+commissioner+to+India+...+1943&pg=PA350&printsec=frontcover |title=The Statesman's Year-Book Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1945 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |pages=350}}</ref>
+|{{dts|1 February 1942}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=M. Epstein |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtbMDQAAQBAJ&dq=Iven+Mackay+australian+high+commissioner+to+India+...+1943&pg=PA350 |title=The Statesman's Year-Book Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1945 | date=December 27, 2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |pages=350 | isbn=978-0-230-27074-9 }}</ref>
 |-
 |51
@@ Line 331: / Line 332: @@
 |-
 |68
+|{{Flag|China}}
+|{{dts|19 November 1954}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=China and Kingdom of the Netherlands |url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/gjhdq_665435/3265_665445/3341_664690/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs People’s Republic of China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DcX1zf8XwoC&dq=China+and+the+Netherlands+established+diplomatic+relations+on+19+November+1954&pg=PA96 |title=Directory of Chinese Officials National level organizations · Volumes 7-13 |publisher=The Center |year=1980 |pages=96}}</ref>
+|-
+|69
 |{{Flag|Libya}}
 |{{dts|1955}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.05.206 Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap , later de Ambassade in Libië |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.206 |access-date=7 January 2024 |language=nl |archive-date=January 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109054411/https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.206 |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 338: / Line 343: @@
 |{{dts|1955}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.05.168 Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap, later Ambassade in Costa Rica, 1954-1974 |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.168 |access-date=7 January 2024 |language=nl |archive-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107212828/https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.168 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|69
+|70
 |{{Flag|Sudan}}
 |{{dts|15 February 1956}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Sudan Almanac |publisher=Republic of the Sudan |year=1957 |pages=27}}</ref>
 |-
-|70
+|71
 |{{Flag|Afghanistan|2013}}
 |{{dts|2 August 1956}}<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1956 |pages=120 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|71
+|72
 |{{Flag|Morocco}}
 |{{dts|23 March 1957}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fonds Jacques Belin, Albums Maroc, série numérique 1941-1961 |url=https://archivesdiplomatiques.diplomatie.gouv.fr/media/48043540-ff4b-4596-b15a-8e7071c8de92.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113092212/https://archivesdiplomatiques.diplomatie.gouv.fr/media/48043540-ff4b-4596-b15a-8e7071c8de92.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2023 |access-date=24 March 2025 |website=archivesdiplomatiques.diplomatie.gouv.fr |page=164 |language=fr}}</ref>
 |-
-|72
+|73
 |{{Flag|Malaysia}}
 |{{dts|31 August 1957}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2009 |title=Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap, later de Ambassade in Maleisië, 1957- 1965 |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.209/download/pdf |page=18 |language=nl |access-date=December 3, 2023 |archive-date=September 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903213846/https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.209/download/pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|73
+|74
 |{{Flag|Cambodia}}
 |{{Date table sorting|28 November 1957}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands]] |year=1957 |pages=131 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|74
+|75
 |{{Flag|Tunisia}}
 |{{dts|February 1958}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clausen |first=Ursel |title=Tunisie - notes biographiques |year=1976 |pages=85 |language=fr}}</ref>
 |-
-|75
+|76
 |{{Flag|Ghana}}
-|{{Date table sorting|9 May 1959}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 1959 |title=AMSTERDAM van DAG tot DAG Feestelijke opening N.V. Fijnhouthandel |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1959/05/08/amsterdam-van-dag-tot-dag-feestelijke-opening-nv-fijnhouthandel-kb_000036972-a2444466 |access-date=7 January 2024 |work=[[NRC Handelsblad]] |language=nl |quote=Z.K.H. Prins Bernhard heeft vanmorgen jn tegenwoordigheid van de Hoge Commissaris van Ghana, Z.E. Asafu Adjay... |archive-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107214800/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1959/05/08/amsterdam-van-dag-tot-dag-feestelijke-opening-nv-fijnhouthandel-kb_000036972-a2444466 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{dts|20 January 1959}}<ref name=":06">{{Cite book |last=Thompson |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy, 1957-1966: Diplomacy Ideology, and the New State |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=1969 |pages=445-447}}</ref>
 |-
-|76
+|77
 |{{Flag|Guinea}}
 |{{Date table sorting|9 March 1960}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1960 |pages=160 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|77
+|78
 |{{Flag|Nepal}}
 |{{DTS|2 April 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816132805/https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|78
+|79
 |{{Flag|Somalia}}
 |{{dts|7 July 1960}}<ref name=":03">{{cite web |title=Our Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724073959/http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=5 February 2022 |work=Government of Somalia }}</ref>
 |-
-|79
+|80
 |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
 |{{dts|25 July 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pragmatische koloniale bondgenoten |url=https://studenttheses.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/20.500.12932/31936/Bachelor_Eindwerkstuk_Bas_Hellings_2019_Eurafrika_Congocrisis.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=studenttheses.uu.nl |page=24 |language=nl |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529003725/https://studenttheses.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/20.500.12932/31936/Bachelor_Eindwerkstuk_Bas_Hellings_2019_Eurafrika_Congocrisis.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|80
+|81
 |{{Flag|Cyprus}}
 |{{Dts|24 September 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap, later de Ambassade op Cyprus, 1955- 1964 |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.170/download/pdf |access-date=13 November 2021 |page=8 |language=nl |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202111657/https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.170/download/pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|81
+|82
 |{{Flag|Nigeria}}
 |{{Dts|October 1960}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1960 |pages=103 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|82
+|83
 |{{Flag|Madagascar}}
 |{{Dts|16 March 1961}}<ref name=":3" />
 |-
-|83
+|84
 |{{Flag|South Korea}}
 |{{Date table sorting|4 April 1961}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries & Regions |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do |access-date=24 May 2023 |archive-date=May 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524200503/https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|84
+|85
 |{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}}
 |{{Date table sorting|3 August 1961}}<ref name="ReferenceB3">{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69-72 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1961 |pages=98 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|85
+|86
 |{{Flag|Gabon}}
 |{{Date table sorting|24 August 1961}}<ref name="ReferenceA3">{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69-72 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1961 |pages=97 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|86
+|87
 |{{Flag|Togo}}
 |{{Date table sorting|5 October 1961}}<ref name="ReferenceC2">{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69-72 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1961 |pages=99 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|87
+|88
 |{{Flag|Senegal}}
 |{{Date table sorting|7 November 1961}}<ref name="ReferenceB3"/>
 |-
-|88
+|89
 |{{Flag|Cameroon}}
 |{{Date table sorting|2 December 1961}}<ref name="ReferenceB3"/>
 |-
-|89
+|90
 |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
 |{{Date table sorting|14 December 1961}}<ref name="ReferenceA3" />
 |-
-|90
+|91
 |{{Flag|Niger}}
 |{{Date table sorting|20 December 1961}}<ref name="ReferenceB3"/>
 |-
-|91
+|92
 |{{Flag|Benin}}
 |{{Date table sorting|26 December 1961}}<ref name="ReferenceA3" />
 |-
-|92
+|93
 |{{Flag|Ivory Coast}}
 |{{Date table sorting|9 January 1962}}<ref name="ReferenceB3"/>
 |-
-|93
+|94
 |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
 |{{dts|22 February 1962}}<ref name="ReferenceC2" />
 |-
-|94
+|95
 |{{Flag|Mauritania}}
 |{{dts|9 March 1962}}<ref name="ReferenceB3"/>
 |-
-|95
+|96
 |{{Flag|Tanzania}}
 |{{dts|31 March 1962}}<ref name="ReferenceB3"/>
 |-
-|96
+|97
 |{{flag|Chad}}
 |{{dts|7 May 1962}}<ref name="ReferenceB3"/>
 |-
-|97
+|98
 |{{flag|Burundi}}
 |{{Date table sorting|4 July 1962}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2022 |title=L'établissement de liens diplomatiques avec le Burundi date du 04/07/1962 |url=https://twitter.com/NLinBurundi/status/1518945805570347013 |access-date=6 January 2024 |archive-date=September 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919085404/https://twitter.com/NLinBurundi/status/1518945805570347013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|98
+|99
 |{{Flag|Jamaica}}
 |{{Date table sorting|2 August 1962}}<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2021 |title=Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations |url=http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=16 April 2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|99
+|100
 |{{flag|Algeria}}
 |{{dts|17 October 1962}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2022 |title=60th Anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations: Algerian President Tebboune, Netherlands PM hold phone talks |url=https://www.dzbreaking.com/2022/10/18/60th-anniversary-of-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations-algerian-president-tebboune-netherlands-pm-hold-phone-talks/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018110135/https://www.dzbreaking.com/2022/10/18/60th-anniversary-of-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations-algerian-president-tebboune-netherlands-pm-hold-phone-talks/ |archive-date=18 October 2022 |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref>
 |-
-|100
+|101
 |{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
 |{{Date table sorting|19 October 1962}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 73-75 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1962 |pages=74 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|101
+|102
 |{{Flag|Kenya}}
 |{{Date table sorting|3 February 1964}}<ref name="ReferenceF">{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1963 |pages=114 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|102
+|103
 |{{Flag|Mali}}
 |{{Date table sorting|11 July 1964}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1964 |pages=123 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|103
+|104
 |{{flag|Rwanda}}
 |{{dts|1 October 1964}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. |year=1964 |pages=124 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|104
+|105
 |{{flag|Kuwait}}
-|{{DTS|1964}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 February 2018 |title=KUNA : Dutch diplomat lauds strong Dutch-Kuwaiti relations |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2692680&language=en |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225213707/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2692680&language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{DTS|October 1964}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1964 |pages=114 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|105
+|106
 |{{Flag|Malta}}
 |{{dts|6 October 1965}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Malta Year Book |publisher=St. Michael's College Publications |year=1969 |pages=155}}</ref>
 |-
-|106
+|107
 |{{flag|Zambia}}
 |{{dts|2 November 1965}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken, Volumes 78-80 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1965 |pages=125 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|107
+|108
 |{{flag|Singapore}}
 |{{dts|7 December 1965}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic & consular list |url=https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Missions/-/media/D74B3129AEFA44BB8FC411746F005489.ashx |access-date=11 July 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore |page= |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314222839/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Missions/-/media/D74B3129AEFA44BB8FC411746F005489.ashx |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|108
+|109
 |{{Flag|Central African Republic}}
 |{{dts|10 December 1965}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken, Volumes 78-80 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1965 |pages=123 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|109
+|110
 |{{flag|Malawi}}
 |{{dts|16 December 1965}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1999 |pages=161}}</ref>
 |-
-|110
+|111
 |{{Flag|Uganda}}
 |{{dts|1965}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.05.200 Inventaris van het archief van de Nederlandse Ambassade in Kenya, 1965-1974 |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.200 |access-date=7 January 2024 |language=nl |archive-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107163154/https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.200 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|111
+|112
 |{{flag|Gambia}}
 |{{dts|1 August 1966}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 78-80 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1965 |pages=146 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|112
+|113
 |{{Flag|Monaco}}
 |{{dts|29 August 1966}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007 |url=https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure |accessdate=11 October 2020 |page=44 |language=fr |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718081941/https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|113
+|114
 |{{Flag|Botswana}}
 |{{dts|10 August 1967}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1967 |pages=152 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|114
+|115
 |{{Flag|Lesotho}}
 |{{dts|22 February 1968}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90 |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1967 |pages=153 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|115
+|116
 |{{Flag|Eswatini}}
 |{{dts|1968}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.05.262 Inventaris van het archief van de Nederlandse Ambassade in het Verenigd Koninkrijk, 1955-1974 |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.262 |access-date=8 January 2024 |page=26 |language=nl |archive-date=January 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108192459/https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.262 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|116
+|117
 |{{Flag|Mauritius}}
 |{{dts|5 March 1969}}<ref name="ReferenceA2">{{Cite book |title=Mauritius Directory of the Diplomatic Corps; High Commissions, Embassies, Consulates, International Organization[s] |publisher=Mauritius. Ministry of External Affairs, Tourism, and Emigration |year=1970 |pages=46}}</ref>
 |-
-|117
+|118
 |{{Flag|Barbados}}
 |{{Date table sorting|12 December 1969}}<ref name="diplomaticrelations">{{Cite web |title=LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS |url=http://foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813184054/https://www.foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=25 March 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados) }}</ref>
 |-
-|118
+|119
 |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
 |{{dts|1969}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.05.471 Inventaris van het archief van de Nederlandse diplomatieke vertegenwoordiging in Kameroen, (1965) 1980-2011 |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.471 |access-date=8 January 2024 |language=nl |archive-date=January 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108194007/https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.05.471 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|119
+|120
 |{{Flag|Guyana}}
 |{{DTS|15 May 1970}}<ref name="relations">{{cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216065040/https://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ |archive-date=16 February 2019 |access-date=21 April 2021 }}</ref>
 |-
-|120
+|121
 |{{Flag|Albania}}
 |{{dts|17 November 1970}}<ref name="punetejashtme.gov.al">{{Cite web |title=Relations between Albania and the Kingdom of Netherlands |url=https://punetejashtme.gov.al/en/marredheniet-dypaleshe/marredheniet-shqiperi-holande/ |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Republic of Albania Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529150827/https://punetejashtme.gov.al/en/marredheniet-dypaleshe/marredheniet-shqiperi-holande/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|121
+|122
 |{{Flag|Yemen}}
 |{{DTS|5 October 1971}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=ARR Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1971 |pages=543}}</ref>
 |-
-|122
+|123
 |{{Flag|Oman}}
 |{{DTS|1 January 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph A. Kechichian |title=Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations |url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR680.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022025822/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR680.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2014 |access-date=24 November 2023 |website=Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy |pages=321}}</ref>
 |-
-|123
+|124
 |{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
 |{{DTS|11 February 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh-Netherlands bilateral relations |url=http://bangladeshembassy.nl/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=6 January 2024 |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106211229/http://bangladeshembassy.nl/bilateral-relations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
-|124
+|125
 |{{Flag|Fiji}}
 |{{DTS|February 1972}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Formal diplomatic relations list |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/images/FDR_LIST_version_of_6_June_2016.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827171052/http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/images/FDR_LIST_version_of_6_June_2016.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=31 March 2018 }}</ref>
 |-
-|125
+|126
 |{{Flag|Mongolia}}
 |{{Date table sorting|6 March 1972}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Countries Maintaining Diplomatic Relations with Mongolia |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |access-date=21 December 2021 |page=3 |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928021439/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|126
+|127
 |{{Flag|Bahrain}}
 |{{dts|2 May 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref>
 |-
-|127
+|128
 |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}
 |{{dts|6 May 1972}}<ref name="ARR: Arab Report and Record">{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1972 |pages=241}}</ref>
-|-
-|128
-|{{Flag|China}}
-|{{dts|18 May 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=50th Anniversary of Sino-Dutch Diplomatic Relations |url=https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2022/05/21/50th-anniversary-of-sino-dutch-diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=Diplomat Magazine |date=May 21, 2022 |archive-date=December 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228125227/https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2022/05/21/50th-anniversary-of-sino-dutch-diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
 |129
@@ Line 639: / Line 640: @@
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 |144
+|{{Flag|Grenada}}
+|{{dts|1979}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Staatsalmanak voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden |year=1980 |pages=26 |language=nl}}</ref>
+|-
+|145
 |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}}
 |{{dts|18 April 1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken 1979-1980 |year=1980 |pages=114 |language=nl}}</ref>
 |-
-|145
+|146
 |{{Flag|Kiribati}}
 |{{dts|6 June 1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1979 |pages=98 |language=Dutch}}</ref>
 |-
-|146
+|147
 |{{Flag|Dominica}}
-|{{DTS|1980}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2022 |title=NEW NETHERLANDS AMBASSADOR TO DOMINICA |url=http://news.gov.dm/news/5406-new-netherlands-ambassador-to-dominica |access-date=1 February 2022 |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131123549/http://www.news.gov.dm/news/5406-new-netherlands-ambassador-to-dominica |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+|{{DTS|1980}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2022 |title=NEW NETHERLANDS AMBASSADOR TO DOMINICA |url=http://news.gov.dm/news/5406-new-netherlands-ambassador-to-dominica |access-date=1 February 2022 |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131123549/http://www.news.gov.dm/news/5406-new-netherlands-ambassador-to-dominica |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 |-
-|147
+|148
 |{{Flag|Saint Lucia}}
-|{{DTS|1980}}<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=List of countries with which Saint Lucia has established Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.stlucia.gov.lc/diplomatic-relations |access-date=16 July 2023 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716120234/https://www.stlucia.gov.lc/diplomatic-relations |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+|{{DTS|1980}}<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=List of countries with which Saint Lucia has established Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.stlucia.gov.lc/diplomatic-relations |access-date=16 July 2023 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716120234/https://www.stlucia.gov.lc/diplomatic-relations |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 |-
-|148
+|149
 |{{Flag|Djibouti}}
 |{{dts|10 February 1981}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 180-185 |publisher=1981 |pages=155 |language=fr}}</ref>
 |-
-|149
+|150
 |{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
-|{{Date table sorting|8 April 1981}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic and Consular List |url=https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |pages=104–112 |archive-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001014719/https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{Date table sorting|8 April 1981}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic and Consular List |url=https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |pages=104–112 |archive-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001014719/https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|150
+|151
 |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}
 |{{dts|1 February 1982|format=dmy}}<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |title=Briefing Notes for Minister of Foreign Affairs, The Rt. Honourable Sir Peter Kenilorea |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Solomon Islands |year=1988 |page=32}}</ref>
 |-
-|151
+|152
+|{{Flag|Tuvalu}}
+|{{Date table sorting|February 1982}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Pacific Islands Monthly, 53 |year=1982 |pages=3}}</ref>
+|-
+|153
 |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}
 |{{dts|9 March 1982}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925183844/https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=mfaicet.gov.vu |page=49}}</ref>
 |-
-|152
+|154
 |{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
 |{{Dts|11 May 1982}}<ref name=":05">{{cite web |author=Government of Antigua and Barbuda |title=Chronology of Antigua and Barbudas Bilateral relations |url=http://www.un.int/antigua/bilachro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117180614/http://www.un.int/antigua/bilachro.htm |archive-date=17 January 2012 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref>
 |-
-|153
+|155
 |{{Flag|Nauru}}
-|{{Date table sorting|1982}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nauru Bulletin |url=http://www.nauru.gov.nr/media/191997/nauru_bulletin__01_7feb2023__250_.pdf |access-date=22 July 2023 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026063202/http://www.nauru.gov.nr/media/191997/nauru_bulletin__01_7feb2023__250_.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{Date table sorting|1982}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nauru Bulletin |url=http://www.nauru.gov.nr/media/191997/nauru_bulletin__01_7feb2023__250_.pdf |access-date=22 July 2023 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026063202/http://www.nauru.gov.nr/media/191997/nauru_bulletin__01_7feb2023__250_.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
+|-
+|156
+|{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
+|{{Dts|16 August 1984}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Daily Report Latin America. Index · Volume 6 |publisher=United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service |year=1985 |pages=362 |quote=Netherlands / St . Christopher - Nevis diplomatic relations Aug 16 84 S2 Netherlands Ambassador Credentials}}</ref>
 |-
-|154
+|157
 |{{Flag|Brunei}}
-|{{Dts|27 April 1985}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Brunei Darussalam |publisher=Broadcasting and Information Department, Prime Minister's Office |year=1985 |pages=21}}</ref>
+|{{Dts|21 April 1985}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Brunei Darussalam |publisher=Broadcasting and Information Department, Prime Minister's Office |year=1985 |pages=110}}</ref>
 |-
-|155
+|158
 |{{Flag|Bhutan}}
-|{{dts|10 June 1985}}<ref name="list">{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bt/?page_id=8824 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019064842/https://www.mfa.gov.bt/?page_id=8824 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{dts|10 June 1985}}<ref name="list">{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bt/?page_id=8824 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019064842/https://www.mfa.gov.bt/?page_id=8824 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|156
+|159
 |{{Flag|Belize}}
-|{{Date table sorting|13 April 1987}}<ref name=":04">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230194831/http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2017 |access-date=30 December 2016 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table sorting|13 April 1987}}<ref name=":04">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230194831/http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2017 |access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref>
 |-
-|157
+|160
 |{{Flag|Namibia}}
-|{{Date table sorting|23 April 1990}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 November 2016 |title=Ambassador of Namibia presents credentials to the Netherlands and Luxembourg |url=https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2016/11/02/ambassador-of-namibia-presents-credentials-to-the-netherlands-and-luxembourg/ |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201204336/https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2016/11/02/ambassador-of-namibia-presents-credentials-to-the-netherlands-and-luxembourg/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{Date table sorting|23 April 1990}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 November 2016 |title=Ambassador of Namibia presents credentials to the Netherlands and Luxembourg |url=https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2016/11/02/ambassador-of-namibia-presents-credentials-to-the-netherlands-and-luxembourg/ |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201204336/https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2016/11/02/ambassador-of-namibia-presents-credentials-to-the-netherlands-and-luxembourg/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|158
+|161
 |{{Flag|Latvia}}
-|{{dts|24 September 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=mfa.gov.lv |archive-date=October 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005195123/https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{dts|24 September 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=mfa.gov.lv |archive-date=October 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005195123/https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|159
+|162
 |{{Flag|Estonia}}
-|{{dts|21 October 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405100158/https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{dts|21 October 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405100158/https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|160
+|163
 |{{Flag|Liechtenstein}}
 |{{dts|20 November 1991}}<ref name=":32">{{Cite news |date=21 November 1991 |title=Botschafter akkreditiert |url=https://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/viewer/image/000476564_1991/4204/LOG_0266/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |work=[[Liechtensteiner Volksblatt]] |language=de}}</ref>
 |-
-|161
+|164
 |{{Flag|Lithuania}}
 |{{dts|3 December 1991}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations |url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=}}</ref>
 |-
-|162
+|165
 |{{Flag|Slovenia}}
 |{{dts|24 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Đogić |first=Mojca Pristavec |date=September 2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=sl |archive-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426044554/https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|163
+|166
 |{{Flag|Armenia}}
 |{{dts|30 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia |archive-date=September 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922111605/https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|164
+|167
 |{{Flag|Croatia}}
 |{{dts|11 February 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=5 February 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928182827/https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|165
+|168
 |{{Flag|Belarus}}
 |{{dts|24 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political contacts |url=https://netherlands.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/ |access-date=29 July 2021 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185953/https://netherlands.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|166
+|169
 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
 |{{dts|1 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign policy - bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/bilateral-relations |access-date=3 August 2022 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160023/https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/bilateral-relations |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|167
+|170
 |{{Flag|Ukraine}}
 |{{dts|1 April 1992}}<ref name="Europe">{{cite web |title=European countries |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/european-countries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720122956/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/european-countries |archive-date=20 July 2019 |accessdate=23 August 2019 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine}}</ref>
 |-
-|168
+|171
 |{{Flag|Georgia}}
 |{{dts|22 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619062211/https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
 |-
-|169
+|172
 |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}
 |{{Dts|20 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508101911/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref>
 |-
-|170
+|173
 |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
 |{{Date table sorting|1992|6|10|format=dmy}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения |url=https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |access-date=10 October 2021 |language=ru |archive-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009033809/https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|171
+|174
+|{{Flag|Moldova}}
+|{{dts|10 July 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Regatul Ţărilor de Jos |url=https://mfa.gov.md/ro/content/regatul-tarilor-de-jos |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=Ministerul Afacerilor Externe al Republicii Moldova |language=ro}}</ref>
+|-
+|175
 |{{Flag|Tajikistan}}
 |{{dts|27 July 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2023/04/11,04,2023,15,37.pdf |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003145324/https://www.mfa.tj/uploads/main/2023/04/11,04,2023,15,37.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|172
+|176
 |{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}
 |{{Date table sorting|10 September 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
 |-
-|173
+|177
 |{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}
 |{{Date table sorting|24 November 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with Which the Republic of Uzbekistan Established Diplomatic Relations |url=https://2014-2024.mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Uzbekistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan]] |access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref>
 |-
-|174
+|178
 |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
 |{{Date table sorting|15 December 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina |language=bs |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511192931/https://www.mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|175
+|179
 |{{Flag|Slovakia}}
 |{{Dts|1 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Štáty a teritóriá |url=https://www.mzv.sk/staty |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=sk |archive-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526210042/https://www.mzv.sk/staty |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|176
+|180
 |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}}
 |{{DTS|2 March 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019) |url=https://www.rmiembassyus.org/about-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718175857/https://www.rmiembassyus.org/about-2 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
 |-
-|177
+|181
-|{{Flag|Moldova}}
-|{{dts|10 July 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=MFA Moldova |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624002439/https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |url-status=dead}}</ref>
-|-
-|178
 |{{Flag|Andorra}}
 |{{dts|14 December 1993|format=dmy}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=https://www.exteriors.ad/en/101-continguts-angles/diplomatic-representations/diplomatic-relations |access-date=3 July 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra |archive-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520090029/https://www.exteriors.ad/en/101-continguts-angles/diplomatic-representations/diplomatic-relations |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|179
+|182
 |{{Flag|North Macedonia}}
 |{{Date table sorting|16 December 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
 |-
-|180
+|183
 |{{Flag|Eritrea}}
 |{{Dts|15 July 1994}}<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |title=Eritrea Update |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |year=1992}}</ref>
 |-
-|181
+|184
 |{{Flag|San Marino}}
 |{{Dts|1995}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nederlandse diplomatieke vertegenwoordiging in Italië te Rome en consulaat-generaal in Italië te Milaan |url=https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/ead-display/-/ead/pl/aicode/NL-HaNA/type/fa/id/2.05.389 |access-date=5 January 2022 |language=nl |quote=Nederland heeft sinds 1995 diplomatieke betrekkingen met San Marino. |archive-date=January 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105223622/https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/ead-display/-/ead/pl/aicode/NL-HaNA/type/fa/id/2.05.389 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|182
+|185
 |{{Flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
 |{{Date table sorting|15 April 1996}}<ref name="Dates">{{cite web |title=FSM Diplomatic Relations List |url=http://www.fsmgov.org/diprel.html |access-date=13 November 2022 |publisher=Government of the Federated States of Micronesia |archive-date=April 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425110342/http://www.fsmgov.org/diprel.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|183
+|186
 |{{Flag|Palau}}
 |{{Date table sorting|21 April 1997}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317135821/https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=4 April 2022 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref>
 |-
-|184
+|187
 |{{Flag|North Korea}}
-|{{dts|15 December 2000}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=NCNK |pages=8–9 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{dts|15 December 2000}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=NCNK |pages=8–9 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|185
+|188
 |{{Flag|Timor-Leste}}
 |{{Date table sorting|17 November 2003}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic missions - Accredited Embassies to Timor-Leste from overseas |url=http://www.mfac.gov.tp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013181113/http://www.mfac.gov.tp/ |archive-date=13 October 2011 |access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>
 |-
-|186
+|189
-|{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
-|{{Date table sorting|March 2004}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2004 |title=Two New Diplomats for Saint Lucia |url=https://archive.stlucia.gov.lc/pr2004/march/two_new_diplomats_for_saint_lucia.htm |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813165201/https://archive.stlucia.gov.lc/pr2004/march/two_new_diplomats_for_saint_lucia.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
-|-
-|187
 |{{Flag|Montenegro}}
 |{{dts|2006|9|8|format=dmy}}<ref name="mfa">{{cite web |title=Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213235103/https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn |archive-date=13 February 2020 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration}}</ref>
@@ Line 822: / Line 831: @@
 |{{dts|16 August 2011}}<ref>{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration |date=2011-08-16 |title=Cook Islands and Netherlands establish diplomatic relations |url=http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/news/19-general/168-cook-islands-and-netherlands-establish-diplomatic-relations.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023050706/http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/news/19-general/168-cook-islands-and-netherlands-establish-diplomatic-relations.html |archive-date=2015-10-23 |access-date=2015-10-09 |publisher=Cook Islands Government}}</ref>
 |-
-|188
+|190
 |{{Flag|South Sudan}}
 |{{dts|9 September 2011}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassadeursbenoemingen &#124; Persbericht &#124; Rijksoverheid.nl |url=http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/persberichten/2011/09/09/ambassadeursbenoemingen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205041105/http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/persberichten/2011/09/09/ambassadeursbenoemingen.html |archive-date=5 December 2014 |access-date=1 December 2014 }}</ref>
 |-
-|189
+|191
-|{{Flag|Grenada}}
-|Unknown
-|-
-|190
 |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
-|Unknown
-|-
-|191
-|{{Flag|Tuvalu}}
 |Unknown
 |}
@@ Line 930: / Line 931: @@
 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1939<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019 |url=https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Canadian Global Affairs Institute |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607090946/https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Canada has an embassy in [[The Hague]] and the Netherlands has one in [[Ottawa]], and three Consulates-General in [[Toronto]], Montreal and [[Vancouver]]. Canada and the Netherlands have worked closely together on many foreign issues and enjoy an [[special relationship (international relations)|especially close]] relationship. To foster business and commercial relations between the Netherlands and Canada, the Dutch business community set up the Netherlands-Canadian Chamber of Commerce.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netherlandscanada.nl/ |title=NCCC – Home |publisher=Netherlandscanada.nl |access-date=2016-09-28 |archive-date=January 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124020031/http://www.netherlandscanada.nl/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They are both members of the United Nations (and its Specialized Agencies), the [[World Trade Organization]], and [[Interpol (organization)|Interpol]]; they are both founding members of the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO), the [[Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council]] (EAPC), the [[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe]] (OSCE), and the [[Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe]]. Canada and the Netherlands also work together on such issues as the prohibition and elimination of anti-personnel mines, the control of the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, eradicating the worst forms of child labour, the provision of rapid reaction peacekeeping forces to the United Nations (SHIRBRIG) and regional security issues such as Bosnia (SFOR) and Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE).
+Canada has an embassy in [[The Hague]] and the Netherlands has one in [[Ottawa]], and three Consulates-General in [[Toronto]], Montreal and [[Vancouver]]. Canada and the Netherlands have worked closely together on many foreign issues and enjoy an especially close relationship. To foster business and commercial relations between the Netherlands and Canada, the Dutch business community set up the Netherlands-Canadian Chamber of Commerce.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netherlandscanada.nl/ |title=NCCC – Home |publisher=Netherlandscanada.nl |access-date=2016-09-28 |archive-date=January 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124020031/http://www.netherlandscanada.nl/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They are both members of the United Nations (and its Specialized Agencies), the [[World Trade Organization]], and [[Interpol (organization)|Interpol]]; they are both founding members of the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO), the [[Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council]] (EAPC), the [[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe]] (OSCE), and the [[Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe]]. Canada and the Netherlands also work together on such issues as the prohibition and elimination of anti-personnel mines, the control of the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, eradicating the worst forms of child labour, the provision of rapid reaction peacekeeping forces to the United Nations (SHIRBRIG) and regional security issues such as Bosnia (SFOR) and Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE).
 * Canada has an embassy in The Hague.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/netherlands-pays_bas/|title=Government of Canada – Gouvernement du Canada|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-date=March 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307010727/http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/netherlands-pays_bas/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * Netherlands has an embassy in [[Ottawa]] and four consulates-general in [[Calgary]], [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], and [[Vancouver]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://canada.nlembassy.org|title=The Embassy and Consulates – Kingdom of the Netherlands, Canada|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207082708/http://canada.nlembassy.org/|archive-date=February 7, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
@@ Line 1,080: / Line 1,081: @@
 * Netherlands has an embassy in [[Delhi]] and consulates-general [[Bangalore]] and [[Mumbai]].
 |- valign="top"
-|{{flag|Indonesia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Indonesia–Netherlands relations]]
+|{{flag|Indonesia}}||<!--Date started-->1949||See [[Indonesia–Netherlands relations]]
+Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1949<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adi |date=2023-08-23 |title=Kedutaan Belanda Jakarta Indonesia: Mengenal Lebih Dekat |url=https://jangkargroups.co.id/kedutaan-belanda-jakarta-indonesia/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Jangkar Global Groups |language=id}}</ref>
 * Indonesia has an embassy in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.indonesia.nl/index.php/en/|title=Embassy of Indonesia – The Hague|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308123313/http://new.indonesia.nl/index.php/en|archive-date=March 8, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-* Netherlands has an embassy in [[Jakarta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indonesia.nlembassy.org/|title=Netherlands Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318235304/http://indonesia.nlembassy.org/|archive-date=March 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+* Netherlands has an embassy in [[Jakarta]] and four honorary consulates in [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Bali]], [[Medan]], and [[Surabaya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indonesia.nlembassy.org/|title=Netherlands Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318235304/http://indonesia.nlembassy.org/|archive-date=March 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Consuls - Indonesia - NAY |url=https://www.netherlandsandyou.nl/web/indonesia/about-us/honorary-consuls |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Indonesia |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+* ''See also'': [[Indo people]]
 |- valign="top"
 |{{flag|Iran}}||5 January 1883||See [[Iran–Netherlands relations]]
@@ Line 1,155: / Line 1,158: @@
 * Singapore is represented in the Netherlands through its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
 |- valign="top"
-|{{flag|South Korea}}||<!--Date started-->1961-01-04<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070824/1_24599.jsp?menu=m_30_40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224084016/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070824/1_24599.jsp?menu=m_30_40 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-24 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Europe |language=ko |publisher=Mofa.go.kr |access-date=2016-09-28 }}</ref>||
+|{{flag|South Korea}}||<!--Date started-->1961-01-04<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070824/1_24599.jsp?menu=m_30_40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224084016/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070824/1_24599.jsp?menu=m_30_40 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-24 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Europe |language=ko |publisher=Mofa.go.kr |access-date=2016-09-28 }}</ref>||See [[Netherlands–South Korea relations]]
 The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Kingdom of the Netherlands began on April 1, 1961.
@@ Line 1,255: / Line 1,258: @@
 * Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
 |- valign="top"
-|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||13 November 1919||See [[Foreign relations of the Czech Republic|Czech Republic–Netherlands relations]]
+|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||13 November 1919||See [[Czech Republic–Netherlands relations]]
 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1919<ref>{{Cite web |title=Czech-Dutch Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mzv.cz/hague/en/bilateral_relations/czech_dutch_bilateral_relations.html |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Embassy of the Czech Republic in The Hague |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529150825/https://www.mzv.cz/hague/en/bilateral_relations/czech_dutch_bilateral_relations.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 1,268: / Line 1,271: @@
 * The Netherlands has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]] and eight honorary consulates in [[Aalborg]], [[Aarhus]], [[Esbjerg]], [[Fredericia]], [[Nuuk]], [[Odense]], [[Rønne]], and [[Tórshavn]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.nl/kop-en |title=Dutch embassy in Copenhagen |access-date=July 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224193551/http://www.mfa.nl/kop-en |archive-date=February 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
 * Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
+|- valign="top"
+|{{flag|Estonia}}||<!--Data started-->{{dts|format=dmy|1921-03-05}}
+|
+* The Netherlands recognized Estonia on 5 March 1921. After the end of Soviet occupation the Netherlands re-recognised Estonia on 2 September 1991.
+* Estonia has an embassy in The Hague.
+* Netherlands has an embassy in [[Tallinn]].
+* Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
 |- valign="top"
 |{{flag|Finland}}||14 August 1918||See [[Foreign relations of Finland|Finland–Netherlands relations]]
@@ Line 1,315: / Line 1,325: @@
 * Netherlands has an embassy in [[Dublin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ireland.nlembassy.org|title=Netherlands Embassy in Dublin, Ireland|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220103701/http://ireland.nlembassy.org/|archive-date=February 20, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 * Both countries are full members of the [[European Union]].
+|- valign="top"
+|{{flag|Italy}}||||See [[Italy–Netherlands relations]]
+* Italy has an embassy in The Hague.
+* the Netherlands has an embassy in [[Rome]] and a consulate-general in [[Milan]].
+* Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
+|- valign="top"
+|{{flag|Kosovo}}|| ||See [[Kosovo–Netherlands relations]]
+* Kosovo has an embassy in The Hague.
+* Netherlands has an embassy in [[Pristina]].
 |- valign="top"
 |{{flag|Latvia}}||24 September 1991||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia |archive-date=October 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005195123/https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 1,326: / Line 1,347: @@
 * Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and the Council of Europe.
 |- valign="top"
-|{{flag|Luxembourg}}||<!--Date started-->||
+|{{flag|Luxembourg}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Luxembourg–Netherlands relations]]
 * Luxembourg has an embassy in The Hague.
 * the Netherlands has an embassy in [[Luxembourg City]].
@@ Line 1,386: / Line 1,406: @@
 * Russia has an embassy in The Hague.
 |- valign="top"
-|{{flag|Serbia}}||<!--Date started-->1899-04-26||
+|{{flag|Serbia}}||<!--Date started-->1899-04-26||See [[Netherlands–Serbia relations]]
 * Netherlands has an embassy in [[Belgrade]].<ref>[http://www.nlembassy.org.yu/  Dutch embassy in Belgrade] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422092516/http://www.nlembassy.org.yu/ |date=April 22, 2009 }}</ref>
 * Serbia has an embassy in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.bart.nl/~yuambanl/|title=Index of /~yuambanl|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-date=May 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512024649/http://users.bart.nl/~yuambanl/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
@@ Line 1,399: / Line 1,419: @@
 |{{flag|Slovenia}}||<!--Date started-->1991-06-25||See [[Netherlands–Slovenia relations]]
-* The Netherlands has an embassy in [[Ljubljana]].<ref>[http://slovenia.nlembassy.org/homepage Dutch embassy in Ljubljana]{{dead link|date=February 2010}}</ref>
+* The Netherlands has an embassy in [[Ljubljana]].<ref>[https://diplomaticmonitor.org/c2c/NL-SI Dutch embassy in Ljubljana] Netherlands in Slovenia</ref>
 * Slovenia has an embassy in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hague.embassy.si/index.php?id=29&L=1|title=Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia Hague|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016014516/http://hague.embassy.si/index.php?id=29&L=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
@@ Line 1,430: / Line 1,450: @@
 |- valign="top"
 |{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1 April 1603||See [[Netherlands–United Kingdom relations]]
-The UK established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 1 April 1603.<ref name="britain"/>{{failed verification|reason=The source does not state when the Netherlands and the United Kingdom established diplomatic relations.|date=December 2024}}
+[[File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Dutch PM Dick Schoof (54313093289).jpg|thumb|right|[[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] [[Dick Schoof]] with [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Keir Starmer]] in [[10 Downing Street]], February 2025.]]
+The UK established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 1 April 1603.<ref name="britain">{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Gary M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9D86YgEACAAJ |title=A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1995 |isbn=0521283221 |pages=194, 221, 275 and 283}}</ref>{{failed verification|reason=The source does not state when the Netherlands and the United Kingdom established diplomatic relations.|date=December 2024}}
-*The Netherlands maintains an [[Embassy of the Netherlands, London|embassy]] in [[London]].
+*The Netherlands maintains an [[Embassy of the Netherlands, London|embassy]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=1 December 2015|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/europe/netherlands/|title=Netherlands|access-date=8 July 2025|website=Diplomat Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524090404/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/europe/netherlands/|archive-date=24 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * The United Kingdom is accredited to the Netherlands through its [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, The Hague|embassy]] in The Hague.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-the-hague|title=British Embassy The Hague|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 June 2024|archive-date=6 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406234943/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-the-hague|url-status=live}}</ref>
-* Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref>{{cite news|last=Politi|first=James|date=19 September 2023|title=US unveils Atlantic co-operation pact|website=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d|access-date=19 January 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119085952/https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d|archive-date=19 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Council of Europe]], [[NATO]], [[OECD]], [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], and the [[World Trade Organization]].
+Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref>{{cite news|last=Politi|first=James|date=19 September 2023|title=US unveils Atlantic co-operation pact|website=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d|access-date=19 January 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119085952/https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d|archive-date=19 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Council of Europe]], [[NATO]], the [[OECD]], the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], the [[United Nations]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{Cite web |author=[[HM Revenue and Customs]]|date=1 September 2014|title=Netherlands: tax treaties|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/netherlands-tax-treaties|access-date=8 July 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428224828/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/netherlands-tax-treaties|archive-date=28 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |}
@@ Line 1,445: / Line 1,465: @@
 |- valign="top"
 |{{flag|Australia}}||31 January 1942||See [[Australia–Netherlands relations]]
-Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 1942.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/271670050 |title=Exchange of Envoys With Dutch |publisher=Trove. Daily Mirror (Sydney, NSW : 1941 - 1955) Sat 31 Jan 1942 |year= |edition= |pages=3 |access-date=27 November 2023 |archive-date=December 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203172304/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/271670050 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 1942.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/271670050 |title=Exchange of Envoys With Dutch |work=Daily Mirror |date=January 31, 1942 |publisher=Trove. Daily Mirror (Sydney, NSW : 1941 - 1955) Sat 31 Jan 1942 |edition= |pages=3 |access-date=27 November 2023 |archive-date=December 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203172304/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/271670050 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 * Australia has an embassy in The Hague.
@@ Line 1,469: / Line 1,489: @@
 * [[List of diplomatic missions of the Netherlands]]
 * [[Foreign relations of Curaçao]]
+* [[Jordan–Netherlands relations]]
 ==Notes==

Foreign relations of the Netherlands: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:12, 7 November 2025

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