Foreign relations of Croatia

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The foreign relations of Croatia are primarily formulated and executed via its government which guides the state's interactions with other nations, their citizens, and foreign organizations. Active in global affairs since the 9th century, modern Croatian diplomacy is considered to have formed following the independence of Croatia in 1991. As a modern state, Croatia established diplomatic relations with most world nations – 189 states in total – during the 1990s, starting with Germany (1991) and most recently with Liberia (2024). Croatia has friendly relations with most of its neighboring countries, namely Italy, Slovenia, Hungary, and Montenegro. They maintain colder, more tense relations with Serbia as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina due to historic nation-building conflict and differing political ideologies. It maintains a special relationship with both Albania and Kosovo.

Croatia is seen as a stabilizing influence in Southeast Europe due to its political alignment with the Western world. It maintains strong relations with the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union (E.U.), joining the organization in 2013. Croatia is a close military ally to the U.S. and Europe through its membership in NATO, having joined in 2009. The economy of Croatia is one of the largest in Southeast Europe with Croatia maintaining a relatively large military presence in the region. Its strong Euro-Atlantic alignment has been used to advance Western cultural, political, and economic synergy across Southeast Europe. Croatia is a member of the United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization (WTO), Union for the Mediterranean, among other international organizations.

Their foreign policy objectives have shifted since the Croatian War of Independence. During the 1990s, Croatia sought to gain international recognition and join the United Nations (2000), later seeking entry into NATO (2009) and the European Union (2013). Modern policy objectives are regional stabilization, influence in international organizations, and strengthening multilateral cooperation. Limited succession issues following the 1991-92 dissolution of Yugoslavia continue to complicate regional relations. Croatia has outstanding border disputes, sovereign ownership issues, and treaty disagreements with multiple neighbors. Croatian nationalism influences regional geopolitics.

History

File:Rudjer Boskovic.jpg
Croatian-Italian diplomat Roger Joseph Boscovich, 1760

The first native Croatian ruler recognised by the Pope was duke Branimir, who received papal recognition from Pope John VIII on 7 June 879.[1] Tomislav was the first king of Croatia, noted as such in a letter of Pope John X in 925. Maritime Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808) maintained widespread diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire, Republic of Venice, Papal States and other states. Diplomatic relations of the Republic of Ragusa are often perceived as a historical inspiration for the contemporary Croatian diplomacy.[2] During the Wars of the Holy League Ragusa avoided alignment with either side in the conflict rejecting Venetian calls to join the Holy League.[2]

Antun Mihanović, author of the anthem of Croatia, spent over 20 years as a consul of the Austrian Empire in Belgrade (Principality of Serbia), Bucharest (Wallachia) and Istanbul (Ottoman Empire) starting in 1836.[3] The Yugoslav Committee, political interest group formed by South Slavs from Austria-Hungary during World War I, petitioned Allies of World War I and participated in international events such as the Congress of Oppressed Nationalities of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Association for the Promotion of the League of Nations Values was active in Zagreb in the interwar period organizing lectures by Albert Thomas, Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson and Ludwig Quidde.[4] During World War II, the Axis puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia maintained diplomatic relations with several different countries in Europe.

Socialist Republic of Croatia within Yugoslavia

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Embassy of Croatia in Austria, 2015

While each constitution of Yugoslavia defined foreign affairs as a federal level issue, over the years Yugoslav constituent republics played increasingly prominent role in either defining this policy or pursuing their own initiatives. Number of diplomats from Croatia gained significant experience in the service to the prominent Cold War era Yugoslav diplomacy.[5]

In June 1943 Vladimir Velebit became the point of contact for foreign military missions in their dealings with the Yugoslav Partisans. Ivan Šubašić (1944–1945), Josip Smodlaka (NKOJ: 1943–1945), Josip Vrhovec (1978–1982) and Budimir Lončar (1987–1991) led the federal level Ministry of Foreign Affairs while numerous Croatian diplomats served in Yugoslav embassies or multilateral organizations. In 1956 Brijuni archipelago in People's Republic of Croatia hosted the Brioni Meeting, one of the major early initiatives leading to the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement.[6][7] Between 1960 and 1967 Vladimir Velebit was executive secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. During the Croatian Spring Croatian economist Hrvoje Šošić argued for the separate admission of the Socialist Republic of Croatia into the United Nations similar to the membership of Ukrainian and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic which led to his imprisonment.[8] In 1978, Croatia together with SR Slovenia joined the newly established Alps-Adriatic Working Group. The breakup of Yugoslavia led to mass transfers of experts from federal institutions enabling post-Yugoslav states to establish their own diplomatic bodies primarily by employing former Yugoslav cadres.[9] The 2001 Agreement on Succession Issues of the Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia formally assigned to Croatia a portion of the diplomatic and consular properties of the previous federation.[10]

Foreign policy since independence

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File:Ministry of Foreign Affairs building (Croatia).jpg
Ministry of Foreign Affairs building at the Nikola Šubić Zrinski Square, 2007

Script error: No such module "Multiple image". On 17 December 1991 the European Economic Community adopted the "Common Position for the recognition of the Yugoslav Republics" requesting the Yugoslav republics wishing to gain recognition to accept provisions of international law protecting human rights as well as national minorities rights in hope that credible guarantees may prevent incentives for violent confrontations.[11][12] Later that month Croatian Parliament introduced the Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities in the Republic of Croatia opening the way for 15 January 1992 collective recognition by the Community. Croatia maintained some links beyond the Euro-Atlantic world via its observer status in the Non-Aligned Movement which it enjoyed already at the 10th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Jakarta, Indonesia.[13]

Following the international recognition of Croatia in 1992 the country was faced with the Croatian War of Independence between 1991 and 1995. A significant part of the country was outside of the control of the central government with the declaration of self-proclaimed unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina. In 1992 signing of the Sarajevo Agreement led to the cease-fire to allow UNPROFOR deployment in the country. Diplomatic efforts led to unsuccessful proposals which included the Daruvar Agreement and Z-4 Plan. In 1995 UNCRO mission took over the UNPROFOR mandate yet soon after Operation Storm led to a decisive victory for the Croatian Army with only the Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia remaining initially as a rump territory of Krajina. A diplomatic solution that avoided conflict in Eastern Slavonia was reached on 12 November 1995 via the signing of the Erdut Agreement with significant support and facilitation from the international community (primarily the United States, and with United Nations and various European actors).[14][15] Temporary UNTAES administration over the region opened the way for the signing of the Dayton Agreement which ended the Bosnian War. It also led to the signing of 1996 Agreement on Normalization of Relations between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Croatia.[16]

With the resolution of some of the major bilateral issues arising from the Yugoslav Wars Croatian foreign policy has focused on greater Euro-Atlantic integration, mainly entering the European Union and NATO. The progress was nevertheless slow in the period between 1996 and 1999 with rising concerns over authoritarian tendencies in the country. In order to gain access to European and trans-Atlantic institutions, it has had to undo many negative effects of the breakup of Yugoslavia and the war that ensued, and improve and maintain good relations with its neighbours. Croatia has had an uneven record in these areas between 1996 and 1999 during the right-wing HDZ government, inhibiting its relations with the European Union and the United States. In 1997 United States diplomacy even called upon its European partners to suspend Croatia from the Council of Europe as long as country fails to show adequate respect for human and minority rights.[17] Lack of improvement in these areas severely hindered the advance of Croatia's prospects for further Euro-Atlantic integration. Progress in the areas of Dayton, Erdut, and refugee returns were evident in 1998, but progress was slow and required intensive international engagement. Croatia's unsatisfactory performance implementing broader democratic reforms in 1998 raised questions about the ruling party's commitment to basic democratic principles and norms. Areas of concern included restrictions on freedom of speech, one-party control of public TV and radio, repression of independent media, unfair electoral regulations, a judiciary that is not fully independent, and lack of human and civil rights protection.

With the 1999 death of President Franjo Tuđman, 2000 Croatian parliamentary election as well as corresponding regional changes such as the Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević, the European Union organized the 2000 Zagreb and 2003 Thessaloniki Summits in which European integration perspective was discussed for all the countries in the region.[18] The new SDP-led centre-left coalition government slowly relinquished control over public media companies and did not interfere with freedom of speech and independent media, though it did not complete the process of making Croatian Radiotelevision independent. Judiciary reforms remained a pending issue as well. The government's foreign relations were severely affected by the hesitance and stalling of the extradition of Croatian general Janko Bobetko to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and inability to take general Ante Gotovina into custody for questioning by the Court. Nevertheless, Croatia managed to enter NATO's Partnership for Peace Programme in May 2000, World Trade Organization in July 2000, signing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in October 2001, Membership Action Plan in May 2002, and joined the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) in December 2002. The EU membership application was the last major international undertaking of the Račan government, which submitted a 7,000-page report in reply to the questionnaire by the European Commission. Negotiations were initiated with the achievement of the full cooperation with the Hague Tribunal in October 2005. Croatian president Stjepan Mesić participated in the NAM conferences in Havana in 2006 and Sharm el-Sheikh in 2009 using the country's post-Yugoslav link with the Third World in its successful campaign for the Eastern European Spot at the United Nations Security Council in 2008–2009 (in open competition with Czech Republic which was a member state both of EU and NATO).[19][20]

Refugee returns accelerated since 1999, reached a peak in 2000, but then slightly decreased in 2001 and 2002. The OSCE Mission to Croatia, focusing on the governed by the UNTAES, continued to monitor human rights and the return of refugees until December 2007 with the OSCE office in Zagreb finally closing in 2012.[21][22] Croatian Serbs continue to have problems with restitution of property and acceptance to the reconstruction assistance programmes. Combined with lacking economic opportunities in the rural areas of former Krajina, the return process was only partial.

Accession to the European Union

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  EU members in 2013
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  Croatia

At the time of Croatia's application to the European Union, three EU members states were yet to ratify the Stabilization and Association Agreement: United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Italy. The new Sanader government elected in 2003 elections repeated the assurances that Croatia will fulfill the missing political obligations, and expedited the extradition of several ICTY inductees. The European Commission replied to the answers of the questionnaire sent to Croatia on 20 April 2004 with a positive opinion. The country was finally accepted as EU candidate in July 2004. Italy and United Kingdom ratified the Stabilization and Association Agreement shortly thereafter, while the ten EU member states that were admitted to membership that year ratified it all together at a 2004 European Summit. In December 2004, the EU leaders announced that accession negotiations with Croatia would start on 17 March 2005 provided that Croatian government cooperates fully with the ICTY. The main issue, the flight of general Gotovina, however, remained unsolved and despite the agreement on an accession negotiation framework, the negotiations did not begin in March 2005. On 4 October 2005 Croatia finally received green light for accession negotiations after the Chief Prosecutor of the ICTY Carla Del Ponte officially stated that Croatia is fully cooperating with the Tribunal. This has been the main condition demanded by EU foreign ministers for accession negotiations. The ICTY called upon other southern European states to follow Croatia's good example. Thanks to the consistent position of Austria during the meeting of EU foreign ministers, a long period of instability and the questioning of the determination of the Croatian government to extradite alleged war criminals has ended successfully. Croatian Prime minister Ivo Sanader declared that full cooperation with the Hague Tribunal will continue. The accession process was also complicated by the insistence of Slovenia, an EU member state, that the two countries' border issues be dealt with prior to Croatia's accession to the EU.

Croatia finished accession negotiations on 30 June 2011, and on 9 December 2011, signed the Treaty of Accession.[23] A referendum on EU accession was held in Croatia on 22 January 2012, with 66% of participants voting in favour of joining the Union.[24][25][26][27] The ratification process was concluded on 21 June 2013, and entry into force and accession of Croatia to the EU took place on 1 July 2013.[28] The Council of Europe was led by Croatian diplomat Marija Pejčinović Burić from 2019 to 2024.

Foreign affairs

The main objective of modern Croatian foreign policy is leadership positioning within European international institutions and throughout Southeast Europe, cooperation with NATO partners and strengthening multilateral and bilateral cooperation.[29]

Government officials in charge of foreign policy include the Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, currently Gordan Grlić-Radman, and the President of the Republic, currently Zoran Milanović.

Croatia has established diplomatic relations with 189 countries around the world. As of 2009, Croatia maintains a network of 51 embassies, 24 consulates and eight permanent diplomatic missions abroad. Furthermore, there are 52 foreign embassies and 69 consulates in the Republic of Croatia in addition to offices of international organizations such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Organization for Migration, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), World Bank, World Health Organization, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), United Nations Development Programme, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and UNICEF.[30]

International organizations

Republic of Croatia participates in the following international organizations: CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EEA, EU, FAO, G11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (observer[31][32]), NATO, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

There exists a Permanent Representative of Croatia to the United Nations.

Foreign support

Croatia receives support from donor programs of:

Between 1991 and 2003, the EBRD had directly invested a total of 1,212,039,000 EUR into projects in Croatia.

In 1998, U.S. support to Croatia came through the Southeastern European Economic Development Program (SEED), whose funding in Croatia totaled $23.25 million. More than half of that money was used to fund programs encouraging sustainable returns of refugees and displaced persons. About one-third of the assistance was used for democratization efforts, and another 5% funded financial sector restructuring.

In 2003 USAID considered Croatia to be on a "glide path for graduation" along with Bulgaria. Its funding from 2002 and 20024 included around $10 million for economic development, up to $5 million for the development of democratic institutions, about $5 million for the return of population affected by war and between 2 and 3 million dollars for the "mitigation of adverse social conditions and trends". A rising amount of funding is given to cross-cutting programs in anti-corruption, slightly under one million dollars.

The European Commission has proposed to assist Croatia's efforts to join the European Union with 245 million euros from PHARE, ISPA and SAPARD aid programs over the course of 2005 and 2006.

International disputes

Relations with neighbouring states have normalized somewhat since the breakup of Yugoslavia. Work has begun — bilaterally and within the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe since 1999 — on political and economic cooperation in the region.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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File:Генерални конзулат Републике Хрватске у Бањалуци.jpg
Consulate-General in Banja Luka, 2011

Discussions continue between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on various sections of the border, the longest border with another country for each of these countries. Sections of the Una river and villages at the base of Mount Plješevica are in Croatia, while some are in Bosnia, which causes an excessive number of border crossings on a single route and impedes any serious development in the region. The Zagreb-Bihać-Split railway line is still closed for major traffic due to this issue. The border on the Una river between Hrvatska Kostajnica on the northern, Croatian side of the river, and Bosanska Kostajnica on the southern, Bosnian side, is also being discussed. A river island between the two towns is under Croatian control, but is also claimed by Bosnia. A shared border crossing point has been built and has been functioning since 2003, and is used without hindrance by either party.

The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum in the south makes the southernmost part of Croatia an exclave and the two countries are negotiating special transit rules through Neum to compensate for that. Recently Croatia has opted to build a bridge to the Pelješac peninsula to connect the Croatian mainland with the exclave but Bosnia and Herzegovina has protested that the bridge will close its access to international waters (although Croatian territory and territorial waters surround Bosnian-Herzegovinian territory and waters completely) and has suggested that the bridge must be higher than 55 meters for free passage of all types of ships. Negotiations are still being held.

Montenegro

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Croatia and Montenegro have a largely latent border dispute over the Prevlaka peninsula, and maintain friendly relations.

Serbia

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The border between Croatia and Serbia in the area of the Danube is disputed while at the same time the issue is not considered of the highest priority for either country in their bilateral relations.[33] The issue therefore only occasionally entered into in the public debate with other open issues being higher on the agenda, yet with some commentators fearing that the issue may once be used as an asymmetric pressure tool in the accession of Serbia to the European Union.[34][35] While Serbia holds the opinion that the thalweg of the Danube valley and the centerline of the river represents the international border between the two countries, Croatia disagrees and claims that the international border lies along the boundaries of the cadastral municipalities located along the river—departing from the course at several points along a Script error: No such module "convert". section.[35] The cadastre-based boundary reflects the course of the Danube which existed in the 19th century, before meandering and hydrotechnical engineering works altered its course. The area size of the territory in dispute is reported variously, up to Script error: No such module "convert". and is uninhabited area of forests and islands.[35] Croatian and Serbian authorities have made only occasional attempts to resolve the issue with the establishment of a joint commission that rarely met and the 2018 statement by presidents of the two countries that the issue will be brought to international arbitration if agreement is not reached until 2020.[35]

Slovenia

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Croatia and Slovenia have several land and maritime boundary disputes, mainly in the Gulf of Piran, regarding Slovenian access to international waters, a small number of pockets of land on the right-hand side of the river Dragonja, and around the Sveta Gera peak. The two states contested the sovereign ownership of Yugoslav bank Ljubljanska banka, which ended in Slovenia's favor. The status of Croatian depositors' savings in the bank remains an outstanding issue. Slovenia was disputing Croatia's claim to establish the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone, an economic section of the Adriatic.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Croatia maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Croatia.svg
# Country Date[36]
1 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts
2 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts
3 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Dts
4 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts
5 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Dts
6 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts
7 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts
8 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts
9 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Template:Dts
10 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts
— File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts
11 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Dts
12 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts
13 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Dts
14 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:Dts
15 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts
16 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts
17 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts
18 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts
19 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts
20 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts
21 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Template:Dts
22 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts
23 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts
24 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts
25 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:Dts
26 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:Dts
27 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:Dts
28 File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Dts
29 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:Dts
30 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Template:Dts
31 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Dts[37]
32 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:Dts
33 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Dts
34 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:Dts
35 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts
36 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:Dts
37 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts
38 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:Dts
39 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts
40 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Template:Dts
41 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts
42 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Template:Dts
43 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Dts
44 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Dts
45 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts
46 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Template:Dts
47 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Dts
48 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts
49 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Template:Dts
50 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Template:Dts
51 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts
52 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts
53 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts
54 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts
55 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Template:Dts
56 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts
57 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:Dts
58 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Template:Dts
59 File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Template:Dts
60 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts
61 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:Dts
62 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts
63 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Template:Dts
– File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Dts[38]
64 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts
65 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts
66 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Template:Dts
67 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Template:Dts
68 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Template:Dts
69 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Template:Dts
70 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:Dts
71 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts
72 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts
73 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:Dts
74 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Template:Dts
75 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts
76 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Template:Dts
77 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Dts
78 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:Dts
79 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts
80 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Template:Dts
81 File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Template:Dts
82 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Template:Dts
83 File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Template:Dts
84 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Template:Dts
85 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts
86 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Dts[39]
87 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:Dts
88 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Template:Dts
89 File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Dts
90 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts
91 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:Dts
92 File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Template:Dts
93 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Dts
94 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts
95 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Template:Dts
96 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:Dts
97 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Template:Dts
98 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Template:Dts
99 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:Dts
100 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Template:Dts
101 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Template:Dts
102 File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Template:Dts
103 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Template:Dts
104 File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Template:Dts
105 File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Afghanistan Template:Dts
106 File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Template:Dts
107 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Template:Dts
108 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:Dts
109 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts
110 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:Dts
111 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:Dts
112 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Template:Dts
113 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Template:Dts
114 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Template:Dts
115 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:Dts
116 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts
117 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:Dts
118 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Template:Dts
119 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Template:Dts[40]
120 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Template:Dts
121 File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Template:Dts
122 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Template:Dts
123 File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:Dts
124 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Template:Dts
125 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Template:Dts
126 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:Dts
127 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Template:Dts
128 File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Template:Dts
129 File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Template:Dts
130 File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Template:Dts
131 File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Template:Dts
132 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Template:Dts
133 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Template:Dts
134 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Template:Dts
135 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Template:Dts
136 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Template:Dts
137 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:Dts
138 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Template:Dts
139 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Template:Dts
140 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Template:Dts
141 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Dts
142 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Template:Dts
143 File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Template:Dts
144 File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros Template:Dts
145 File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Template:Dts
146 File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Template:Dts
147 File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Template:Dts
148 File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Federated States of Micronesia Template:Dts
149 File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Template:Dts
150 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Template:Dts
151 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Template:Dts
152 File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Template:Dts
153 File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Template:Dts
154 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Template:Dts
155 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts
156 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Template:Dts
157 File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Template:Dts
158 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Template:Dts
159 File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Template:Dts
160 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:Dts
161 File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Template:Dts
162 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:Dts
163 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Dts
164 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Template:Dts
165 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:Dts
166 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Template:Dts[41]
167 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Template:Dts
168 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Template:Dts
169 File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Template:Dts
170 File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:Dts
171 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:Dts
– File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Template:Dts
172 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Template:Dts
173 File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Template:Dts
174 File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Template:Dts
175 File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Template:Dts
176 File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:Dts
177 File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati Template:Dts
178 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Template:Dts
179 File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Template:Dts
180 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Template:Dts
181 File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Template:Dts
182 File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands Template:Dts
183 File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Template:Dts
184 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Template:Dts
185 File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Template:Dts
186 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Template:Dts
187 File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Template:Dts
188 File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Template:Dts
189 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Template:Dts

Bilateral relations

Multilateral

Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union See 2013 enlargement of the European Union

Croatia joined the European Union as a full member on 1 July 2013.

Template:Country data NATO See Croatia–NATO relations

Croatia joined NATO as a full member on 1 April 2009.

Africa

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Angola through its embassy in Lisbon (Portugal).[44]
  • Angola is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).[45]
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Benin through its embassy in Paris (France).[46]
  • Benin is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Geneva (Switzerland).[47]
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Burkina Faso through its embassy in Paris (France).
  • Burkina Faso is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and consulate in Zagreb.[48]
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts

See Croatia–Egypt relations

File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Kenya through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).[49]
  • Kenya has a consulate in Zagreb, accredited to its embassy in Rome (Italy).[50]
File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Lesotho through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Lesotho is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Template:Dts

See Croatia–Libya relations

  • Croatia has evacuated its embassy in Tripoli due to the worsening of security situation in the country.
  • Libya has an embassy in Zagreb.
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:Dts
  • Croatia has an embassy in Pretoria.[51]
  • South Africa is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary), and consulate in Zagreb.
  • There are around 1500 to 2000 Croats who live in South Africa.[52]
  • As of 2006, the two countries have a trade agreement.[53]
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Tanzania through its embassy in Pretoria, (South Africa).[54]
  • Tanzania is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome, (Italy).[55]

Americas

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Antigua and Barbuda through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (USA).[56]
  • Antigua and Barbuda is represented in Croatia through its through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:Dts See Argentina–Croatia relations
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts See Canada–Croatia relations
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:Dts See Chile–Croatia relations
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:Dts
  • Colombia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
  • Croatia is represented in Colombia through its embassy in Brasília (Brazil).
  • Croatia is defined as an ally by Colombia on the war on drugs and as an example to follow after a post-conflict situation[60]
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Ecuador through its embassy in Santiago (Chile).
  • Ecuador is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • An honorary consulate for Croatia was established in Guayaquil in 2022.[61]
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Template:Dts
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 2003.[62]
  • Croatia is represented in Guyana through its Permanent Mission in New York City.[63]
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Jamaica through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (USA).[64]
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts See Croatia–Mexico relations
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Panama through its embassy in Washington, D.C. (US).
  • Panama is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Piraeus (Greece).[67]
File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Suriname through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (US) and embassy in Brasília (Brazil).[68]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States of America Template:Dts See Croatia–United States relations
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Template:Dts See Croatia–Uruguay relations
  • Croatia is represented in Uruguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and consulate in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is not represented in Croatia.
  • According to UN estimates there are some 3,300 people of Croat descent living in Uruguay. Other estimates place the figure at around 5,000.

Asia

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Dts See Armenia–Croatia relations
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Dts See Azerbaijan–Croatia relations
Script error: No such module "flag". (People's Republic) Template:Dts

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts

See Croatia–Georgia relations

File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts

See Croatia–India relations

File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:Dts See Croatia–Iran relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Tehran.
  • Iran has an embassy and a cultural centre in Zagreb.
  • Croatia and Iran signed 24 agreements of cooperation.
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Dts
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Template:Dts See Croatia–Israel relations
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Dts

See Croatia–Japan relations

File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Jordan through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt) and consulate in Amman.
  • Jordan is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and consulate in Zagreb.[80]
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Kazakhstan through its embassy in Nur-Sultan and honorary consulate in Almaty.
  • Kazakhstan is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Zagreb and through 2 honorary consulates in Dubrovnik and Umag.
  • Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev visited Croatia in 2001 and 2006. Croatian high-ranking officials, including President Stjepan Mesić, Prime Minister Zoran Milanović, and Foreign Minister Vesna Pusić also visited Kazakhstan.
  • Kazakhstan & Croatia recognized 25 years of diplomatic relations in 2017.[81]
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts
  • Croatia has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic) and consulate in Zagreb.[82]
File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:Dts
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Template:Dts
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:Dts
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in North Korea through its embassy in Beijing (China).[90]
  • North Korea is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).[91]
  • In January 2016, former Croatian president Stjepan Mesić visited North Korea.[92]
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:Dts
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:Dts See Croatia–Qatar relations
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:Dts See Croatia–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Croatia is represented in Saudi Arabia through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
  • Saudi Arabia is not represented in Croatia but citizens that need any assistance are advised to contact the Saudi Arabia embassy in Sarajevo (BiH).
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts

See Croatia–South Korea relations

The Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Croatia and the South Korea began on 18 November 1992.

File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in New Delhi and consulate in Colombo.[99]
  • Sri Lanka is represented in Sri Lanka through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and consulate in Zagreb.[100]
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:Dts

See Croatia–Syria relations

File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Dts
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia) and through a consulate in Bangkok.[106]
  • Thailand is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary) and through consulate in Zagreb.[107]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Dts

See Croatia–Turkey relations

  • Croatia has an embassy in Ankara and two consulates-general in Istanbul and İzmir.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and of NATO.
  • Both have been EU candidates since 3 October 2005. (Croatia become a member state on 1 July 2013)
  • Croatia is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. Croatia supports Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended.
  • Turkey has Office of the Defence Attaché and Office of Trading Advisor in Zagreb.
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:Dts See Croatia–Turkmenistan relations
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in United Arab Emirates through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).[109]
  • United Arab Emirates are represented in Croatia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).[110]

Europe

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Template:Dts See Albania–Croatia relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Croatia has an embassy in Tirana.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts See Austria–Croatia relations
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts See Belarus–Croatia relations
  • Croatia is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Belarus is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
  • The states maintain their bilateral relations through their embassies in Moscow.[111]
  • On 16 December 2002 Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary and Croatia signed an intergovernmental agreement on cooperation within the project to integrate the Druzhba and Adria oil-pipelines in Zagreb.[112]
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts See Belgium–Croatia relations
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Dts See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Croatia relations
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts See Bulgaria–Croatia relations
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts

See Croatia–Cyprus relations

  • Croatia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and an honorary consulate in Nicosia.
  • Cyprus is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and an honorary consulate in Zagreb.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Dts

See Croatia–Czech Republic relations

File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts

See Croatia–Denmark relations

File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki, Finland and honorary consulate in Tallinn.
  • Estonia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome, Italy and honorary consulate in Zagreb.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts

See Croatia–Finland relations

  • Croatia has an embassy in Helsinki.
  • Finland has an embassy in Zagreb and 3 honorary consulates in Rijeka, Split and Zagreb.[118]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  • Croatia fully supported Finland's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 4 April 2023.
File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Dts

See Croatia–France relations

File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts

See Croatia–Germany relations

File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts

See Croatia–Greece relations

File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts

See Croatia–Holy See relations

  • Croatia has a resident embassy to the Holy See in Rome.[123]
  • Holy See has a nunciature with a nuncio of ambassadorial rank with additional privileges in Zagreb.
  • According to the 2011 census 86.28% of Croats are Roman Catholic.
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts

See Croatia–Hungary relations

File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Iceland thought it embassy in Copenhagen (Denmark) and consulate in Reykjavík.[126]
  • Iceland is represented in Croatia thought it embassy in Berlin (Germany) and consulate in Zagreb.[126]
  • Iceland is the first fully sovereign country that recognized Croatia as an independent state. (19 December 1991)
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts

See Croatia-Ireland relations

File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Dts

See Croatia-Italy relations

File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Template:Dts

See Croatia–Kosovo relations

  • Croatia has an embassy Pristina.[131]
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Zagreb.[132]
  • Croatia has 27 of its soldiers deployed on Kosovo.
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts

See Croatia–Lithuania relations

  • Croatia is represented in Lithuania through the Croatian office in Lithuania which is a branch of Croatian embassy in Stockholm (Sweden).[133]
  • Lithuania is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and 2 consulate in Zagreb and Starigrad.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Luxembourg through it embassy in Brussels (Belgium).[134]
  • Luxembourg is represented in Croatia through it embassy in Berlin (Germany).[135]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Malta through it embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Malta is represented in Croatia through its general embassy in Valletta (Malta) and 2 honorary consulate in Zagreb and Split.[136]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Monaco through it embassy in Paris (France) and honorary consulate in Monaco.[137]
  • Monaco is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and honorary consulate in Zagreb.[138]
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:Dts

See Croatia–Montenegro relations

  • Croatia has an embassy in Podgorica and consulate in Kotor.
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Zagreb and consulate in Dubrovnik.[139]
  • From 1918 to 1991 Croatia and Montenegro were part of Yugoslavia.
  • Relations between the two countries are promoted through the Croatian-Montenegrin Friendship Society "Croatica-Montenegrina".[140]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • Croatia is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate.
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Dts See Croatia–Netherlands relations
Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts See Croatia–North Macedonia relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Skopje, and the general consulate in Bitola.
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Zagreb and 2 consulates in Zadar and Rijeka.
  • From 1918 to 1991 Croatia and North Macedonia were part of Yugoslavia.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • Croatia is an EU member and North Macedonia is an EU candidate.
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts

See Croatia–Norway relations

File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts

See Croatia–Poland relations

File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts

See Croatia–Romania relations

File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Dts

See Croatia–Russia relations

File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[150]
  • San Marino is represented in Croatia through its General embassy in San Marino.[151]
  • According to legend San Marino was founded in year 301 by sculptor Saint Marinus from the Croatian island of Rab.
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Template:Dts
then as FR Yugoslavia and including Montenegro		 See Croatia–Serbia relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Belgrade and a general consulate in Subotica.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Zagreb and 2 general consulates in Rijeka and Vukovar.
  • Both countries shares 241 km of common border.
  • From 1918 to 1991 Croatia and Serbia were part of Yugoslavia.
  • Croatia is full member of the European Union while Serbia is candidate for membership.
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts See Croatia–Slovakia relations
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts See Croatia–Slovenia relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Ljubljana and 2 honorary consulates in Maribor and Koper.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Zagreb and an honorary consulate in Split.
  • Both countries shares 670 km of common border.
  • From 1918 to 1991 Croatia and Slovenia were part of Yugoslavia.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts See Croatia–Spain relations
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Dts See Croatia–Sweden relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Stockholm and 2 honorary consulates in Gothenburg and Malmö.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Zagreb and 2 honorary consulates in Rijeka and Split.[155]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  • Croatia fully supported Sweden's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 7 March 2024.
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts
  • Croatia has an embassy in Bern, a general consulate in Zürich and 2 honorary consulates in Lugano and Massagno.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Zagreb, consulate in Split and honorary consulate in Smoljanci.[156]
  • More than 45,000 Croats live in Switzerland.
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:Dts

See Croatia–Ukraine relations

File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts See Croatia–United Kingdom relations

Croatia established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 24 June 1992.

  • Croatia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Croatia through its embassy in Zagreb.[159]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,[160] and an Investment Agreement.[161]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts See Australia–Croatia relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Zagreb.[162]
  • Croatia has an embassy in Canberra and three consulates general in Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.
  • Since 2006, 118,051 people living in Australia declared themselves as Croats. Australian Ministry of Foreign Affairs believes that in Australia live around 150,000 Croats while the Croatian community in Australia claims to have 250,000 members.[163]
File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in Nauru through its embassy in Canberra (Australia).[164]
  • Nauru is not represented in Croatia.
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts
  • Croatia is represented in New Zealand through its embassy in Canberra (Australia) and through consulate in Auckland.
  • New Zealand is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy)[165] and through an honorary consulate in Zagreb.

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Template:Cite thesis
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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  23. ↑ Statement by President Barroso on Croatia – Commission proposes to close the last "Chapters" in the accession talks Template:Webarchive European Commission, 10 June 2011
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  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Croatian embassy in Buenos Aires Template:Webarchive
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  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Template:In lang Embassy of Croatia in Moscow Template:Webarchive
  149. ↑ Template:In lang Embassy of The Russian Federation in Zagreb Template:Webarchive
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Croatia topics Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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