Yusufeli Dam
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On February 26, 2013, the foundation stone was laid in a ceremony attended by Minister of Forestry and Waterworks Veysel Eroğlu and Minister of Labor and Social Security Faruk Çelik. It is expected that the construction of the dam will cost Template:Turkish lira487 million (approx. US$270 million).[1] The dam's opening date was initially set to May 29, 2018.[2] In 2018, the expected opening date was pushed back to 2021, and the dam finally became operational at the end of 2022.[3] As of 2023, Yusufeli Dam is the highest dam in Turkey and the 9th tallest dam in the world.[4]
History
The first studies on the Yusufeli Dam were carried out in the 1970s and it was included in the Coruh River Hydropower Development Master Plan in 1982. The feasibility report was completed in 1986 and the project was added to the national plan in 1997.[5]
Design
Situated Script error: No such module "convert". southwest of Artvin, the Yusufeli will be a double-curvature arch dam with a height of Script error: No such module "convert". from its foundation and Script error: No such module "convert". from the river's thalweg (lowest point of river bed). It will have a crest length of Script error: No such module "convert". and crest width of Script error: No such module "convert". while being composed of Script error: No such module "convert". of concrete.[5]
The dam's crest will sit at an altitude of Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level while the normal operating level of its reservoir will be Script error: No such module "convert"., maximum will be Script error: No such module "convert". and the minimum Script error: No such module "convert".. The reservoir surface area of Script error: No such module "convert". will have a total storage capacity of Script error: No such module "convert". and an active or "useful" storage of Script error: No such module "convert".. The dam's spillway will be a service controlled chute type with a maximum discharge capacity of Script error: No such module "convert"..[5]
The dam will have an underground power station that is Script error: No such module "convert". long, Script error: No such module "convert". wide and Script error: No such module "convert". high. Within the power station will be 3 x 180 MW vertical shaft Francis turbines.[5]
Design activities will be carried out by Su-Yapi Engineering and Consulting Inc.
Construction is to be carried out by a Limak Holding-Cengiz Holding-Kolin consortium.[6]
Relocation of residents
In April 2023 the reservoir behind the dam began filling, thus submerging the town of Yusufeli, population 7000. The residents were relocated by the government to newly built apartment blocks nearby. [7]
Projected biological impacts
If built, Yusufeli Dam is expected to have significant biological impacts including:
- Adversely affecting 21 nationally listed threatened plant species, (including Iris taochia) of which all except one are endemic to Turkey.[8] Of these threatened species 2 taxa are limited to Yusufeli and its surroundings, 8 are limited to the Çoruh Valley, and 6 to the Artvin-Erzurum area. Turkish Red Book for Plants shows that of these, 7 species are critically endangered, 5 are endangered and 9 are vulnerable.[9]
- Adversely affecting 12 nationally listed threatened mammal species including the; wild goat (Capra aegagrus), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus), forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula), brown bear (Ursus arctos), Eurasian badger (Meles meles), gray wolf (Canis lupus), Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale), lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros), greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis), Schreibers’ bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) and pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus). Of these species the Mediterranean bat and wild goat are internationally listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[10]
- Adversely affecting 2 nationally threatened fish species, the Black Sea salmon (Salmo trutta labrax) and brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma). The Black Sea salmon's migration will be blocked because of this and the other planned and built dams. Existing populations of fish will be adversely affected by the construction of the dam and another 6 species populations may not recover due to the reduction of creek and river habitat needed for breeding.
- Potentially adversely affecting 5 butterfly and 1 dragonfly regionally rare species (Polyommatus poseidon, Pseudophilotes vicrama, Pyrgus cirsii, Scolitantides orion, Thymelicus acteon, and Onychogomphus assimilis) of which 2 (Pyrgus cirsii and Onychogomphus assimilis) are listed in the IUCN Red List.[11]
| Species | Endemic | Threat level | Distribution in Turkey |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reseda globosa | No | Critically endangered | Coruh Valley |
| Lathyrus woronowii | Endemic | Critically endangered | Coruh Valley |
| Ferula mervinii | Endemic | Critically endangered | Yusufeli & its vicinity |
| Anthemis calcarea var calcarea | Endemic | Critically endangered | Artvin-Erzurum |
| Anthemis calcarea var discoidea | Endemic | Critically endangered | Artvin-Erzurum |
| Centaurea straminicephala | Endemic | Critically endangered | Coruh Valley |
| Centaurea leptophylla | Endemic | Critically endangered | Yusufeli & its vicinity |
| Clypeola raddeana | Endemic | Endangered | Coruh Valley |
| Morina persica var decussatifolia | Endemic | Endangered | Artvin-Erzurum |
| Campanula troegeraeƒ | Endemic | Endangered | Artvin-Erzurum |
| Verbascum gracilescens | Endemic | Endangered | Coruh Valley |
| Asperula virgata | Endemic | Endangered | Coruh Valley |
| Acer divergens var divergens | Endemic | Vulnerable | Coruh Valley |
| Sempervivum staintonii | Endemic | Vulnerable | Coruh Valley |
| Seseli andronakii | Endemic | Vulnerable | Artvin-Erzurum |
| Bupleurum brachiatum | Endemic | Vulnerable | Middle & East Blacksea |
| Bupleurum schistosum | Endemic | Vulnerable | Coruh Valley |
| Centaurea pecho | Endemic | Vulnerable | East Blacksea |
| Centaurea hedgei | Endemic | Vulnerable | Artvin-Erzurum |
| Linaria genistifolia subsp artivinensis | Endemic | Vulnerable | Coruh Valley |
| Iris taochia | Endemic | Vulnerable | East Blacksea |
See also
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- Arkun Dam – upstream
- Artvin Dam – downstream
References
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- ↑ Ekim, T, Koyuncu, M, Vural, M, Duman, H, Aytac, Z & Adiguzel, N 2000, Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabi – Red Data Book of Turkish Plants, Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Derneği – Turkish Association for the Conservation of Nature, Ankara, Turkey.
- ↑ IUCN 2006, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- ↑ Eken G, Bozdogan M, I˙sfendiyaroglu S, Kılıç DT & Lise Y, (editor) 2006, Key biodiversity areas in Turkey, Doga Dernegi, Ankara, Turkey.
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