31st United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress The 31st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1849, to March 4, 1851, during the 16 months of the Zachary Taylor presidency and the first eight months of the administration of Millard Fillmore's. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1840 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while there was a Democratic plurality in the House.

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Major events

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Major legislation

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States admitted and territories organized

Party summary

Senate

During this Congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of California. Template:US Congress party summary

House of Representatives

During this Congress, two House seats were added for the new state of California. Template:US Congress party summary

Leadership

File:Millard Fillmore by Brady Studio 1855-65-crop.jpg
President of the Senate
Millard Fillmore

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

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File:31st United States Congress Senators.svg
Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 31st Congress in March 1849. The green stripes represent Free Soil. California's senators were not seated until September 10, 1850. <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  2 Democrats
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  1 Democrat and 1 Whig
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  2 Whigs

Script error: No such module "Multiple image". Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1854.

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House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 5
  • Deaths: 1
  • Resignations: 3
  • Seats from newly admitted states: 2
  • Interim appointments: 4
  • Total seats with changes: 8

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|- | Illinois
(3) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Shields (D) | Senate voided election March 6, 1849, as Sen. Shields was determined not to have been a US citizen for the number of years required by the Constitution.
Incumbent was re-elected October 27, 1849, having by then qualified. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Shields (D) | Seated December 3, 1849

|- | Maryland
(1) | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Reverdy Johnson (W) | Resigned March 7, 1849, having been appointed United States Attorney General | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | David Stewart (W) | Appointed December 6, 1849

|- | Alabama
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) | Sen. Dixon Lewis successor elected November 30, 1849 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jeremiah Clemens (D) | Elected November 30, 1849

|- | Maryland
(1) | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | David Stewart (W) | Successor elected January 12, 1850 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Thomas Pratt (W) | Elected January 12, 1850

|- | South Carolina
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John C. Calhoun (D) | Died March 31, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Franklin H. Elmore (D) | Appointed April 11, 1850

|- | South Carolina
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Franklin H. Elmore (D) | Died May 29, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert W. Barnwell (D) | Appointed June 4, 1850

|- | Ohio
(1) | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Thomas Corwin (W) | Resigned July 20, 1850, after being appointed United States Secretary of the Treasury | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Thomas Ewing (W) | Appointed July 20, 1850

|- | Massachusetts
(1) | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Daniel Webster (W) | Resigned July 22, 1850, after being appointed United States Secretary of State again. | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Robert C. Winthrop (W) | Appointed July 30, 1850

|- | California
(1) | New state | California admitted to the Union September 9, 1850.
The first Senator was elected September 10, 1850. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John C. Frémont (D) | Elected September 10, 1850

|- | California
(3) | New state | California admitted to the Union September 9, 1850.
The first Senator was elected September 10, 1850. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William M. Gwin (D) | Elected September 10, 1850

|- | South Carolina
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert W. Barnwell (D) | Successor elected December 18, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert Rhett (D) | Elected December 18, 1850

|- | Massachusetts
(1) | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Robert C. Winthrop (W) | Successor elected February 1, 1851 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert Rantoul Jr. (D) | Elected February 1, 1851 |}

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 11
  • Deaths: 8
  • Resignations: 5
  • Contested election:1
  • Seats from newly admitted states: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 16

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|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Seat remained vacant after territory became organized at end of previous congress | Henry H. Sibley | Seated July 7, 1849 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | George Perkins Marsh (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned some time in 1849 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James Meacham (W) | Seated December 3, 1849 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rodolphus Dickinson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 20, 1849 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Amos E. Wood (D) | Seated December 3, 1849 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alexander Newman (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 8, 1849 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Thomas Haymond (W) | Seated November 8, 1849 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Thomas B. King (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 3, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph W. Jackson (D) | Seated March 4, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Daniel P. King (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 25, 1850 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Thompson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Seat declared vacant June 29, 1850, after contested election. House ruled neither candidate entitled to seat and forced special election | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Daniel F. Miller (W) | Seated December 20, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Robert C. Winthrop (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 30, 1850, after being appointed to the US Senate | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Samuel A. Eliot (W) | Seated August 22, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Charles M. Conrad (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 17, 1850, after being appointed United States Secretary of War | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Henry A. Bullard (W) | Seated December 5, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James Wilson (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 9, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George W. Morrison (D) | Seated October 8, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | California admitted into the Union September 9, 1850, and seat remained vacant until September 11, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward Gilbert (D) | Seated September 11, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | California admitted into the Union September 9, 1850, and seat remained vacant until September 11, 1850 | style="background-color:#DDDDBB" | George W. Wright (I) | Seated September 11, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Henry Nes (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 10, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joel B. Danner (D) | Seated December 2, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Chester P. Butler (W) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 5, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Brisbin (D) | Seated November 13, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John H. Harmanson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 24, 1850 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alexander G. Penn (D) | Seated December 30, 1850 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Amos E. Wood (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died November 19, 1850 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John Bell (W) | Seated January 7, 1851 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David S. Kaufman (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 31, 1851 | Vacant | Not filled this term |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

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Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

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References

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  3. ↑ Mediation of the Honduran-Guatemalan Boundary Question: Held Under the Good Offices of the Department of State, 1918-1919 ... by United States. Department of State U.S. Government Printing Office, 1919 pg. 211

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External links

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